Gene, Cell and Tissue
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Jul 2021

Osteoporosis is the most common disorder of bone and mineral metabolism. This disease is associated with decreased bone density and loss of bone microstructure, leading to increased fragility and risk of bone fractures.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic interval training on the serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone in middle-aged men.

This was a quasi-experimental study of 24 men, who were divided into two groups of control (n = 12) and aerobic interval training (n = 12). Training performed during eight weeks, three times a week, each session for 45 to 60 minutes. Blood samples were analyzed for the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone before and after completion of the training program. Paired samples t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were run to analyze the data (P ≤ 0.05).

Weight and bodymass index decreased significantly, and themaximum oxygen consumption at the end of the training program increased significantly in the experimental group. Eight weeks of aerobic exercise led to a significant increase in the amounts of calcium (P = 0.001), phosphorus (P = 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.001), osteocalcin (P = 0.001), and parathyroid hormone (P = 0.001) in the experimental group.

It can be stated that eight weeks of aerobic interval training may be effective in preventing osteoporosis by reducing body composition indices and increasing calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and serum parathyroid hormone in inactive men.

Acinetobacter bumanni is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens in health centers that is resistant to many antibiotics due to biofilm production. 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles have a wide range of biological activities.

The aim of this research was to examine the impact of new 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives on the expression of biofilmassociated surface protein (Bap), playing an important role in promoting the biofilm formation ability of A. baumannii strains.

Derivatives of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole were synthesized through a one-step synthesis. A. baumannii strains were identified and isolated in the laboratory. The antimicrobial properties of the synthesized materials against the isolated strains were investigated. DNA, RNA, and cDNA were extracted, and the relative expression of BAP gene in A. baumannii isolates was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

The compound with methoxyphenyl functional group with MIC = 62.50 mg/mL had the best inhibitory performance among all derivatives. Also, the combination of 4i reduced the expression of the Bap gene by about 24 times, but it had no effect on the expression of the 16srRNA housekeeping gene.

1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives, especially the methoxyphenyl functional group, act as an inhibitor of bacterial biofilm formation and have the potential to be used in the pharmaceutical and biological industries.

To increase the therapeutic effect of drugs to combat diseases, combination therapy with current chemical drugs and new medicines derived from medicinal plants is necessary.

The present work aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of two medicinal plants, Ephedra major and Momordi cacharantia (Carla), and resveratrol drug on cell viability and expression levels of caspase-3 gene in MCF-7 cell line.

In this experimental study, the hydroalcoholic extraction of tested plants was done with a Soxhlet extractor. The MTT assay and real-time PCR were used to determine cell toxicity and caspase-3 gene expression levels, respectively.

The highest and lowest cytotoxic effects of plant extracts and resveratrol were observed at concentrations of 500 and 150 µg/mL, respectively. The highest level of the caspase-3 gene expression was observed after 72 h of incubation by different concentrations of plant extracts and resveratrol.

It can be concluded that both plant extracts could influence cell viability in MCF-7 cells via the increase of cell toxicity and expression of caspase3 gene. Thus, these species could be used in the pharmaceutical industry

Diabetes leads to metabolic disorders in the heart by creating free radicals and compromising the antioxidant defense system.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined training and supplementation with antioxidant vitamins E and C on the antioxidant capacity of heart tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats (weight: 280 ± 20 g; age: 2-3.5 months) were randomly divided into five groups as follows: (1) healthy control, (2) diabetic control, (3) diabetic + combined training, (4) diabetic + supplementation, and (5) diabetic + combined training + supplementation. The combined training protocol included incremental resistance training of 5 - 45% of rat weight on the ladder, and incremental endurance training was performed for 10 - 30 minutes at an intensity of 40 - 75% of maximum speed on the treadmill during eight weeks. The heart tissue was extracted and antioxidant enzymes were measured by lab spectroscopy 48 hours after the last training session. Data was analyzed using independent samples t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni test (P ≤ 0.05).

The induction of diabetes significantly reduced glutathione (GSH; P = 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPx; P = 0.004), and superoxide dismutase (SOD; P = 0.001). In the treatment groups, a significant increase in the effect size of GSH (in the training and supplementation group: 6.45, training group: 3.18, and supplementation group: 2.92), GPX (in the training and supplementation group: 0.03, supplementation group: 0.023, and training group: 0.021), and SOD (in the training and supplementation group: 556.68, training group: 405.70, and supplementation group: 401.46 nmol / mL) was observed.

Antioxidant supplementation and training by reducing the harmful effects of hyperglycemia strengthen the antioxidant defense system of heart tissue, and the combination of the two interventions is more effective than either alone.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are neurological disorders characterized by the degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have examined interactions between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and functioning of the CNS in NDs. In this study, we summarized the role of different lncRNAs in most NDs.

In this study, different papers published between years 2003 and 2020 were reviewed.

LncRNAs can play a significant role in the development of brain disorders.

The dysregulation of lncRNAs has been shown to affect NDs such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD). In this review, we compiled recent findings related to the main lncRNAs associated with brain disorders.

 A major problem in the treatment of the infectious diseases healthcare centers is extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria.

 The aim of present study was to identify the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and prevalence of the blaCTX, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

 In this study, E. coli and K. pneumoniae specimens were collected in Shushtar hospitals, Khuzestan (southwest Iran), from March to October 2015. Sensitivity antibiotic pattern performed by disc diffusion method. Double disc synergy test (DDST) done for identifying ESBLs isolates and PCR for blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes.

 One hundred E. coli and 30 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from different specimens. The highest rates of antibiotic resistance related to cefotaxime and aztreonam in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. ESBL-harboring K. pneumoniae and E. coli were 13.5 and 28%, respectively. Overall, bla TEM was the most prevalent ESBL gene.

 In this study, the rate of antibiotic resistance was high, and due to the carrying of coding genes on mobile genetic elements and the ability of these elements to carry genes that create resistance to other antibiotic families, identification and isolation of these isolates are essential to find effective antibiotics and eliminate the infection.

 Continuous and indiscriminate use of chemical drugs causes resistance to microorganisms, which in turn weakens the effect of drugs. This adverse event is associated with an increased number of drugs used by patients and the tendency to use compounds with newer and stronger formulations. Furthermore, the essential oils of several plants contain a significant inhibitory effect on pathogenic microorganisms.

 Hence, the current study intended to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants on some standard human pathogenic bacteria and Candida albicans fungi isolated from women.

 Leaves of Cichorium intybus L., Hypericum perforatum L., Lavandula angustifolia, Thymus vulgaris L., and Taxus baccata L. were collected and analyzed in the botanical laboratory of the University of Zabol. Then, the ethanolic extract was prepared using 40 g of dried leaves in 400 cc of ethanol. Standard bacteria and fungi were obtained from the center for genetic and biological resources of Iran. To determine the activity of free radical trapping, diphenylpicryl hydrazyl was used, and then the antimicrobial effects were investigated by diffusion method in Müller-Hinton agar medium using 6 mm paper disks according to the Bauer and Kirby instructions. Statistical calculations were administered using Statistx Ver10. Mean comparisons were performed using the LSD at the 1% level, and Excel was also used to draw the shapes.

 The diameter of the inhibitory zone of plant extracts against standard bacteria and clinical fungi of Candida albicans at a dilution of 100 ppm was analyzed, which revealed different effects (P < 0.01). Taxus baccata L., with a 15 mm diameter growth zone, showed the highest effect on inhibiting the growth of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hypericum perforatum L. with a diameter of 15 mm was found as the most useful plant in inhibiting Shigella dysentery., with a diameter of 10 mm, was the most useful plant in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli. The Taxus baccata L., with a maximum growth inhibition zone diameter (20 mm), has been the most effective plant against Candida albicans.

 Considering the side effects of chemical drugs and antibiotics as well as the significant effect of medicinal plant extracts used in this study, the Taxus baccata L. was the most useful plant on inhibiting Candida albicans, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, Hypericum perforatum L. was found as the most useful plant to control the growth of Escherichia coli.

 Tissue engineering may be used to repair, preserve, or improve tissues and organs. In this regard, acellular biological scaffolds are mainly used to reconstruct damaged tissues in regenerative medicine.

 The present study examined the in vitro process of myocytes differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) on the sheep bladder scaffold induced by 5-azacytidine.

 Decellularization was performed using a mixed method (physical and chemical) to prepare scaffolds kept at -20°C. The 5-azacytidine was used to induce BM‐MSCs to myocytes. Moreover, the muscle-specific gene expression (Desmin, α-Actinin, Myo D) was evaluated using the RT-PCR method.

 It was revealed that BM‐MSCs on the scaffold had high proliferation and differentiation potentials. Desmin and α-Actinin gene expression marked the differentiation at the end of the fourth week. Moreover, the results of Masson’s trichrome staining at the end of the second, third and, fourth weeks also indicated that the first differentiation signs emerged at the end of the second week. Furthermore, differentiation reached its maximum level during the fourth week.

 According to the findings, combining physical and chemical methods was the best technique to prepare the bladder scaffold so that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into myocytes on the bladder scaffold affected by 5-azacytidine (5 µmol), and As the induction time increases to day 28, myocyte cells become more developed.