نشریه دانش انتظامی خراسان جنوبی
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 36، بهار 1400)

Rural development, the basic element of the country's development in the focus of the Basij Sazandegi organization, is done through Jihadi camps. Accordingly, during the past weeks, various researches, in the fields of development, deprivation, agriculture and natural resources, education and health, have been conducted in rural areas of the country. In this paper, the level of satisfaction of rural societies in South Khorasan province has been evaluated with the activities performed during the period 1384-1391. This research in terms of nature and purpose is a quantitative and applied research, respectively, and in terms of data collection, it is among the descriptive-analytical researches that have been done by scrolling. Data collection was done through two types of questionnaires (ordinary people and village experts) with a sample size of 498 and 239 people in 76 villages of South Khorasan province. The results showed that the level of satisfaction of the studied people from the activities of Basij Sazandegi is higher than the average level and is statistically significant. The mean score of satisfaction of rural experts was higher than ordinary people of the village and there was a significant difference between the level of satisfaction among the cities of the province. The highest level of satisfaction is related to the activities performed in the three areas of health services, scientific-educational services and rural development. The results of correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of education level, age, participation in activities, number of respondents' participation days and the level of satisfaction of the activities performed. The choice of activities by the people, the use of indigenous forces in the activities, attention to the needs of the villagers in the selection of activities, the selection of appropriate time to carry out activities with the participation of villagers in the implementation of projects and the use of their skills, have a positive effect on construction mobilization projects in rural areas and increases their effectiveness.

Security in jurisprudential teachings includes many forms and cases. For example, it has been said that the ultimate goal of religious teachings is to preserve five interests: 1- Human souls and in other words self-safety; 2-Preserving religion and in other words protecting beliefs and convictions; 3-Protecting the intellect and wisdom and preventing its wastage; 4-Protecting the lineage of individuals and security of chastity and morality; and finally, 5-the security of people's property, wealth and access. It seems that although the words of the jurists do not explicitly mention psychological and social security, but it is not the case that the issue has been neglected and ignored by the jurists in general. Therefore, the present study will try to extract some cases of jurisprudential rulings that are somehow related to the category of social and psychological security, from the heart of the written jurisprudential heritage. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the research will include several stages because the case study is intended by the author; First, after stating the problem, the selected item will be identified, then the data will be collected and in the next step, the data will be organized as well as the report will be compiled, which may consist of several instances and individuals. The research findings indicate that addressing the issue of social and psychological security in jurisprudence, in addition to topics such as Moharebeh and corruption on earth, the discussion of defensive jihad, the prohibition of adultery and sexual crimes, as well as some other teachings such as the sanctity of absenteeism, Lies, slanders, etc., which provide the security of society, have crystallized. The result of the research shows that Anwar Sharia has not neglected to pay attention to the important issue of social and psychological security, and in this regard, the jurists have spoken in detail and raised a wide range of issues; It should be noted, however, that the term "social security" is not used in their terms; But words such as preventing the disruption of the system can be seen in many of his words.

Providing livelihoods for villagers and, more importantly, stabilizing livelihood systems has been accepted as a fundamental principle in the dominant approach to rural development planning in the present era. The main way to achieve this principle is to improve the livelihood resilience of rural society so that they can survive in the face of environmental and human crises. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, and also is quantitative and qualitative (combined) in terms of research method and the method of data collection is documentary. This research examines the effect of drought consequences on the livelihood resilience and its future and present trends. The trend of occurring drought is investigated by using two indicators SPI and ZSI and to confirm them the Demartan index is used. The statistical population in this research includes the entire population of the village and the sample size according to Morgan's table is 291 villagers. Drought is considered as a limiting factor for sustainable development of tourism in Qaleh Now village and is repulsive factor for tourists. Therefore, today, assessing biological and climatic conditions, while identifying the climatic comfort conditions prevailing in Qaleh Now village, is considered as an efficient and important tool in the hands of national and regional planners. Identifying critical points, while guiding development plans to less risky and favorable areas, in various areas of the tourism industry ensures investments in the most appropriate way possible, and also, identifying the hidden needs of tourists and their motivation can help us to choose the right strategy for identifying and developing the target market. Recognition and awareness of the interaction effects of drought and tourism by policy makers and those are in charge of the tourism industry will lead to the adoption of appropriate policies and executive measures for the sustainable development of the tourism industry and increase the livelihood resilience.

In the current situation, improving security plays a key role in the development of tourism due to the persistence of terrorist acts and related threats. In fact, improving security in tourist areas is an attractive key factor in encouraging tourists to travel safely. Today, when tourists decide on the right place to spend their vacation, in addition to considering the exchange rate, costs, weather conditions and other facilities, consider the existence of security in that place is a priority of their choice. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the role of security in tourism development with emphasis on terrorism. The research method is descriptive-review with a narrative approach and the use of previous library documents and studies. The results show that security and tourism are two interdependent elements and in the process of a two-way interaction have an increasing or decreasing mutual effect on each other. The direct effects of terrorism on the development process are damage to infrastructure and physical and human resources and its indirect effects include increasing uncertainty, reducing foreign investment, threatening the security environment and increasing military and security spending, increasing and weakening trade costs, and damaging the tourism industry. Various parameters affect the economic development of countries. Among these effective parameters, security is one of the most important. Because peace, comfort and security are effective factors in the selection of geographical locations by tourists, existence of security at the local and regional levels has a significant impact on the process of economic development and the main reason for the success of the tourism industry. Terrorism, as one of the main enemies of this industry, is very important and influential on the global economy, and in fact, the logical result of the spread of terrorism is the assassination of the tourism industry.

In terms of international relations, borders are one of the factors that create friendship or enmity between governments and nations, and therefore it is one of the important issues studied in political geography. There are different theories about the classification of borders. Hartshorn and Buggs each offer different classifications of different types of boundaries. However, there is no written study that has classified the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran with neighboring countries on the basis of such theories. The present study, using a map and along 100 km to 100 km, has studied the borders of Iran based on Buggs theory, which includes physiographic, human-geographical, geometric and compositional borders. The results and findings of the study show that most of Iran's borders with neighboring countries, except for two cases of human geographical borders in the northern borders (Bilesavar Ardabil) and eastern borders (rural farms of Mirjaveh) and some geometric borders in the eastern borders of Iran, they are physiographic. The important point about the physiographic borders of Iran is that most of the river features, lakes and ridges and mountain bottoms have been designated as border points and indicates the role of geographical determinism in determining, delimiting and stabilizing the borders of Iran.

Providing and feeling social security has always been one of the most important concerns of governments. This is something that governments have paid a heavy price for it and sometimes have not achieved the desired result. Experience has shown that ensuring social security is beyond the reach of governments and that the participation of the people is essential. Relying on coercion is a method that has lost its effectiveness over the years. The slogan "prevention is better than cure" is effective in this regard. In other words, by increasing public awareness and social welfare, social anomalies are prevented. All underdeveloped and developing or even developed countries somehow need passive defense against threats. Therefore, by understanding the issue and understanding more about passive defense and the factors that form it, as well as its effect on social security, we can look for ways in which social problems can be reduced. Social participation is one of the important components, which has a psychological and mental state, it organizes the feeling of social security in the best way. The present research is one of the applied researches and its method is descriptive of the library type. In this study, a qualitative method (in-depth interview) was used to collect information. The results show that the level of feeling of security varies according to the level of participation. Also, the dimensions of civic participation, supportive participation, cultural participation, level of local participation, and religious participation affect the feeling of security. In general, creating a culture of participation in the local, civic, cultural, recreational and religious dimensions can pave the way for life and financial security for the people, especially the youth.