نشریه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 34 (بهار 1400)

Achieving sustainable economic development depends on economic growth and financial sector development in one country. Given the capital market in Iran, financing of various economic sectors is mainly done by the banking system. Banks are influenced by their environmental conditions and their lending behavior is often influenced by macroeconomic factors such as GDP, employment levels, inflation and exchange rates. Hence, banks adjust their lending behavior in response to these symptoms. Positive (negative) signs encourage banks to lend more (less). Therefore, identifying the factors affecting on granting credits in the banking system is very important.In this regard, the present study investigates the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on credits of specialized banks in Iran. In this way, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and seasonal data of 2000: 4-2017: 4 were used.  The results show that growth of credits ratio to bank deposits in confronting with exchange rate shocks, initially increases but decreases over a period. Response of growth of credits ratio in the face of inflation shock and GDP growth is negative and positive respectively. Variance analysis table showed that GDP growth rate has the most power to explain growth of credits ratio changes. The results confirm the research hypothesis. Because, the growth of credits ratio granted in the face of the shocks of exchange rate volatility initially increases and then, decreases after a period.

Monetary policy is one way of controlling economic fluctuations, and in recent years, developing countries (including Iran) have been particularly concerned with policymaking. For this reason, it is necessary to consider how these policies will affect the Iranian economy and its variables. It should also be examined whether the existence of inflationary conditions in the Iranian economy can have an impact on the performance of monetary policy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of monetary policy on bank credit during commercial periods, (seasonal data during 1997-1999) using a smooth transition regression model. According to the results, when economic growth in Iran exceeds 3.62 percent, regime change will occur, and the estimated slope parameter is 8.58, indicating a moderate adjustment rate from the first regime to the second regime. Economic growth as a threshold variable has a positive and significant effect on bank credit. In other words, the results show that in Iran monetary policy will have a different impact on bank lending given different levels of economic growth (stagnation or boom).Results have shown that whenever the economic growth in Iran exceeds 3.62 %, with a moderate adjustment speed of 8.58, a change in the regime will occur and the economic growth will have positive and significant impact on banking credits as a threshold variable. Likewise, according to monetary policy results any recession or prosperity in economic growth will have various effects on granted banking credits, based on its different levels. Also, monetary policy in both regimes has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, but this effect has decreased in the second regime compared to the first regime. The results show that, during the recession the bankschr('39') lending power was low due to the financial crisis and therefore limited access. People on loans will increase the impact of monetary policy during the recession rather than the boom period. It is therefore necessary for monetary policy makers to consider trade cycles when applying monetary policy.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of CEO Overconfidence on banks Risk Taking using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) of banks in Tehran Stock. These Three dimensions Corporate Risk Taking in our tests :( Total Risk, Idiosyncratic Risk and Systematic Risk). For this purpose one hypotheses are developed and data on the 16 Bank in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 1390 to 1397 were analyzed. This regression model using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), reviews and tests. The results showed that CEO Overconfidence has significantly negative impact on Bank Risk Taking (Total Risk, Idiosyncratic Risk and Systematic Risk). Therefore, the research results indicate that the CEO Overconfidence reduces Corporate Risk Taking.

This article aims to find out the best outsourcing practice for operational supervision process of participation facility in Maskan Bank. In the preliminary study, it was found that the bank has not achieved the expected outsourcing benefits and has seriously risked losing control over the supervision process and overdependence on the supplier. As a part of this study, the Bank objectivrs of outsourcing were prioritized by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results show that the bank was looking for benefits from outsourcing such as cost reduction, operational efficiency, freeing supervisors time and customer satisfaction. Finally, the four practices including of insourcing (past status), outsourcing to one supplier (current status), outsourcing to several suppliers and outsourcing to affiliate company were pritorized using the AHP method. Based on this analyse, outsourcing to the affiliate company was identified as the most desirable practice for operational supervision process of participation facility in Maskan Bank.

The basis of this paper is to investigate the semantic structures of development in The Basht region of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, and in terms of methodology, phenomenological approach has been used as a qualitative method. Data were collected by interview technique and after analyzing the data based on analytical phenomenological procedures, sub-themes and main themes were discovered and structural and contextical descriptions of the lived experience of participants were investigated. The effects of technology, bureaucracy, urbanization and media have led to the emergence of specific definitions of development in the awareness field of participants.

Corruption is a major global issue and challenge that affects the development prospects of countries. Increasing corruption is considered a serious obstacle to development in various economic, social and political dimensions at both domestic and international levels. Human capital is also one of the important factors in the development of countries. Corruption is also affected by various factors such as the level of human development, labor productivity, poverty and the good governance index. Therefore, the relationship between corruption and human capital is important. For this reason, the present article examines the relationship between corruption and human capital and the Panel Var approach in the period 2012 to 2018 in 53 selected Islamic countries. The results of the study indicate that at the end of the period, about 32% of the changes in corruption were explained by the shocks related to corruption itself. However, 4% of the changes in this variable are due to shocks due to inflation, 15% due to shocks due to education, 16% due to shocks due to GDP per capita, and 12% due to shocks due to Health and 18% are explained by shocks from good governance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of money laundering on audit costs. The present study is descriptive-correlational and in terms of purpose, is a type of applied research. The statistical population of this study is all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange and the period of prosperity from 2011 to 2017. By using the screening method, 172 companies were selected as samples. In this, independent variable money laundering, normal audit costs and unusual corporate auditing costs are dependent variables. The research data were collected with the help of Rahavard Novin software and the database of the Stock Exchange and Securities Organization (Kadal) and the stock exchange websites. Multivariate linear regression and Eviews software were used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. Endogenous test, PSM test and additional analysis were also performed. The results of the research showed that money laundering has a significant effect on normal audit costs. Money laundering has a significant impact on Abnormal auditing costs.

The present study aims at investigating the feedback of government economic mobility plans on the conditions of society.The present study is a qualitative research of the basic theory field. The data analysis was all economic and social elites in the country who were selected by in hand and purposeful sampling method (20 people to theoretical saturation) and the instruments were a semi-open or semi-structured interview. Therefore, the results showed that both the borrowers and the consumer buyers and those who did not use the plan were among the main losers in this plan, and most of the benefits were obtained by the government, car manufacturers and car dealers. Positive social feedback was the project of community unity and welfare of citizens and negative social feedback was the emotional behavior of the community, lack of community solidarity, distrust of the government and lack of social trust. Negative economic feedbacks of  the plan was creating an economic crisis, creating inflation, increase bank debt and dependence on industry,and positive economic feedback was a temporary solution to the crisis, temporary economic mobilization, exiting from the recession and a temporary economic boom. Also,there was no future plan and has been mentioned the necessity of foresight.

ABSTRACTThe objectives of the study were to investigate the factors affecting customer satisfaction from various public, private and credit banks, including Melli, Pasargad and Mehre Egtesad. This study were implemented in district 3 of Tehran province in 2017 .The sample is stratified random sampling method based on Morganchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s classification, 384 were selected. For collecting of information used questionnaires and interviews with 384 customers  who were selected by Morgan randomized random sampling method. The methodology has been to use the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality of data and using t-test and logistic regression analysis (logit models). According to the results, the reliability of the Questionnaires was estimated to be 0.8 by Cronbach’s alpha. The variables were completely normal based on the Relevant test. Based on the estimated model, the quality factors of banking services in Melli and Pasargad banks are 100 and 98.2 percent, respectively and the variable of physical and tangible factors in .Mehre Egtesad  bank was 93.9 percent and the most statistically significant effect on customer satisfaction.

Today, societies need a direct focus on religious capital for their economic growth and development, because religious capital has better capabilities than any other capital. Religious beliefs can directly or indirectly influence production and economic growth because individualschr('39') religious attitudes are one of the most important variables that will shape their future ethics and behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of composite indices of religious capital on the economy with emphasis on economic growth over time period of 0-1 in provinces of Iran using panel data method. The results show that the combined indexes of religious capital have had a positive and significant effect on the economic growth (GDP) in the provinces studied, with a one percent increase in the growth of religious capital indices, with economic growth increasing by 4.1 and 2.3 percent, respectively. Labor productivity, government spending and export value also have a positive and significant effect on GDP in Iranchr('39')s provinces. For economic growth and development, it is suggested that economic policymakers use media, educational and cultural tools to increase the cost of religious spending on Iranian households.

In todaychr('39')s highly competitive environment, banks view core competencies as a kind of business strategy that increases their credibility and increases their market share. core competencies is a set of special skills that enable a company or organization to deliver unique products or services to consumers and thereby stimulate positive feedback. Using a core competency tool allows organizations to earn a significant difference to their competitors by investing in their strengths. The purpose of this study is to Explaining the impact of core competencies the banking industry on consumer reactions. This study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research was the banking industry customers in Ardabil in unlimited numbers, that 460 samples were evaluated through a standard 37-item questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content method, and convergent validity and confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and combined reliability. PLS method was used to test the research hypotheses and the results show that all hypotheses have been confirmed. Findings showed that core competencies lead to a positive consumer response. Efforts to increase customer satisfaction and trust also increase positive word of mouth, increase loyalty and ultimately the intention to buy.

Banking liquidated damage, has the same predetermined nature of damage who stipulated into article 230 of civil code and articles from 402 to 405 of commercial code corresponding articles 421 & 422, with the major difference being there is no legal modification and possibility for judicial modification.The parties of the facility contracts canchr('39')t agree contrary to the central bankchr('39')s sovereignty regulation; in fact the principle of the sovereignty of freedom on volition is limited on determination rate of liquidated damage.Accordingly into civil code (n.230) the liquidated damage stipulated in all of the contracts of Iran is lack of “legal adjustment” and is no capable to make “judiciary adjustment”, exceptionally it is capable to make “judicial adjustment” in facility contracts of bank, accordingly the rate that it’s communicated by the central bank. “The Adjustment of the Liquidated Damage” is done on the English facility and non-facility contracts only in the form of judicial adjustment, provided on the Law of Iran the legal, contractual and judicial adjustment for the liquidated damage, is possible proportionate.The method of information-gathering is the library research and the method of research is descriptive and analytical research. The main result of this research is exposition the liquidated damages on banking facility contract plainly, the method of calculating the liquidated damages in banks, department of execution of official deeds, judicial authorities and resolve contradiction of amount owed from their accounting.