نشریه حفاظت از بافتهای تاریخی
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1399)

In this article, we want to show how the concern of rebuilding the Islamic city, regardless of past experiences, is the product of a kind of contemporary misunderstanding that has plagued us due to alienation from the concept of the city on the one hand and the meaning of Islam on the other. We will begin with two dominant currents of thought, both of which somehow believe that the Islamic city has not been realized. In the following, we intend to clarify what an "Islamic city" is and what relationship we have with it now. In other words, we intend to add a third to the above two assumptions. In this approach, the meaning of the city and the meaning of Islam are proposed. The city is the perfect manifestation of the historical experience of living in a land, and it has expressed all the achievements of its Muslims in Islamic civilization, and this is what has made the city clear and defined its positions. If we deny the realization of civilization and the city, we are in fact denying all these achievements. The experience of the realization of civilization in each land has been shaped according to its conditions and characteristics, and as a result, it has a different form everywhere and everywhere. Therefore, if we look for a single form of civilization, we will not find it. Iran is no exception; Iranians, by their very nature, have always had a spiritual approach to religion, including Islam. This spiritual approach has been manifested along with the long historical experience of living in the land of Iran in civilization and the Iranian city, the highest example of which is Isfahan. Therefore, in the final section, there will be a discussion about the reasons why we consider Isfahan as an Islamic city.

The provisions of the international conservation charter make it clear that the use of the term conservation in historical fabrics relates to the fact that such biological textures, while having accepted and fundamental values, have no suitable environmental conditions and are threatened with serious risks. The present paper tried to explain and interpret the components that are effective in protecting these biological textures in a strategic manner using a field method. The results showed that if conservation of historical textiles is to form comprehensively based on the principles and values of the historical context and to remain stable, it is necessary to consider the two components of political economy of space, and social consensus on the conservation issue. Strategic planning for the management and control of these two components is based on the analysis of the strength and weakness of internal factors of the texture, and the assessment of the opportunity and threat of external factors of the texture, with an emphasis on prioritizing and protecting the prominent values of the strategy recommended in this paper. The results of the contextual conservations of this paper can be construed that although the valueless modernizations influenced by the political economy of space in historical textures are in "greater opposition to values," the lack of understanding of the outstanding values of historical textures and the lack of legal agreements play a more dramatic role in the "plurality of worthless renovations" in historical textures; renovations that take place in sharp contrast with shape and pattern of historical textures from the point of view of altitude, occupation levels  and density, are generally taking advantage of the strength of the space’s political economy. However, the number of anti-value building units affected by this factor in these historical textures are less than the number of valueless buildings that were formed due to the ignorance of designers, operators and law enforcers from historical textures’ values.

Iranian cities throughout the process of establishment and evolution during long centuries have been confronted with changes and transformations; however aside from facing the changes, the cities have been evolved and created a sustainable development framework. Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, Iranian cities expanded but continued to display the traditional features of an integrated city, adhering to traditional kinds of social and spatial organization. However, from early decades of this century, Iranian cities were radically transformed by the authoritarian modernization of Reza Shah (1925-41) and from the late 1960s through the 1970s, saw the rise of a new wave of modernization - Westernization that accelerated the process of transformation of the social and physical environment of cities. The outcome of the first intervention was the emergence of ‘urban dualism’, a tense coexistence of old and new. The result of second phase of transformation was an immense growth of population and massive immigration which contributed to the rapid and dramatic physical expansion of the cities. Urban sprawl intensified the problems of the historic centers. The old cores became a small part of the sprawling cities and lost their previous physical and functional importance. The consequences of these transformations have been growth of urban poverty, decreasing the quality of life and socio-spatial inequity in the cities. In order to find out the mechanism and solution to improve the quality of life and decrease the urban problems, it is necessary to re-study and re-interpret the cities and sustainable and resilient model of urban development in the past centuries. This paper aims to review the main resources and documents that introduce the finding of their studies through re-interpretation of Iranian city development and presents a framework for urban policy making authorities and researcher.

Making policies and programs for preservation and regeneration of Iranian urban historical fabric have been influenced by various factors in recent decades. Faced with the challenge of choosing between two approaches of urban regeneration and urban conservation, the experts decided to combine them into a comprehensive and integrated approach by drawing on the effective standards and components in each. The present study intends to identify the various aspects of conceptual framework in conservation-led regeneration of historical urban fabrics. Accordingly, the relevant international documents, conventions and statements and also the development of Iranian policies in the field of urban regeneration and conservation have been reviewed and analyzed. Applying a qualitative research method and a content analysis technique, six aspects of the conceptual framework were identified: ‘economic,’ ‘social,’ ‘physical,’ ‘cultural,’ ‘managerial,’ and ‘environmental’ (and their subcategories). With regard to the nature of the object of study, the components under study and the common approach to research, this research method is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods

The potentiality and hidden potential in the form and architecture of architecture are the main concern of this research. Observations from the terrestrial architecture reveal the truth that the quality of space in every place, on the one hand, and the intrinsic sense of the audience, and on the other hand, is a long and deep link between the function and the role of the place in responding to its need. some of the issues that can be addressed and explained in this research concern are architecture schools influenced by traditional textures and Iranian architectural patterns, although in the complex path of the architecture training process in interconnected with the existing context and the presentation of the implications inherent in it strong and tangible. In this article, we intend to explain the introduction of these qualitative factors from a new angle. Therefore, the "grounded theory", which is one of the emerging and efficient methods in qualitative research processes, has been used. To prove the effectiveness of this method, the Yazd school of architecture was selected as a case study to explain the step-by-step explanation of the implementation stages of this research. Participants in this research were composed of 20 graduated graduates from the Yazd school of architecture who were selected using a snowball method. Data analysis was performed based on three methods of encoding: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Initially, for open coding, the data were analyzed using document analysis method, and then in two stages, the axial coding and selective coding, the classification of concepts, and the discovery of relations between the components and the emergence of dimensions finally, based on Strauss and Corbin's views, qualitative research validation methods were applied in this study. The results of this research in the final stage were 28 open source, 16 pivot codes and 6 code selections and the paradigmatic pattern was organized as follows: 1.casual variables. 2. Context variables. 3. Intervening variables 4. Core category or phenomenon 5. Strategies.6.consequences Identification of the effective parameters on the quality of education spaces as the main phenomenon and factors such as the nature of memory and the ability to place in the revival of memories was considered as its subcategories. One of the most important interfering factors can be the spatial desirability of space, the overcoming and the superiority of qualitative features on the quantitative features of the place, the inclusiveness of superficial architectural styles in the present era. The interrelationships within the set, the system and the continuous pattern, personal mentality and imagination, and environmental relationship were considered as a group of underlying or implied variables in the dominant context in this research. The most important causal variables identified from participants' viewpoints were factors such as dependability, specific architecture, hangover and mental-functional alignment. finally, it can be admitted that citing the results of this study makes it clear that by aligning the goals of academic education with the implementation of the architecture of the one-off and recognizing the value-based value-of-evaluative to the location, on the other hand, it is possible to incorporate the true capabilities of the discovered and hidden educational apparatus into the direction of the education of the territorial architect was the most important consequence of this study.