نشریه هنر زبان
سال ششم شماره 1 (آذر 1399)

This study tries to discover the appropriate strategies for developing vocabulary size (word bank) in different levels of Arabic language learning, depending on three tests: Y/N (Yes or No test), MC (Multiple choice test), and writing skill test, that were given to a sample of non-native Arabic learners. The assumption of the study is that vocabulary building and learning strategies vary according to the target group of learners, i.e. whether they are native or non-native speakers of Arabic. The study aims to develop specific strategies for building corpora and word lists that help in curriculum design and evaluation. The results of the mentioned tests proved the strength of the relation between vocabulary size and writing skill as the former explains as much as 53% of the later. This means vocabulary size forms more than half of writing skill factors. Additionally, the process of discovering the details of the relation between the two gave us insights into the proper strategies for building and developing vocabulary size according to learners’ levels, indicating that frequency lists based on the lemma as a counting unit are more suitable for teaching and evaluation for learners from beginner and intermediate levels, while root-based frequency lists are more appropriate for advanced learners.

The definition is a primary means that connects the concept with the term. On the one hand, the definition may link this process and clarify the relationships within the network of perceptions. On the other hand, it may fail to achieve its goal or may be unable to attain it on its own. Therefore, the lexicographer resorts to auxiliary means that link the concept with the term. Among these auxiliary means are: synonymy or antonymy that shows relationships within a terminological system, as well as representation, drawing, diagram, image, and reference. The research studies a number of Arabic linguistic dictionaries, as well as linguistic dictionaries translated into Arabic to show their position on the use of auxiliary means, and the role, which these auxiliary means play in clarifying terminological definitions. The results of the research show that the dictionaries that employ auxiliary means for terminological definitions provide a clear and precise explanation of the concept. As well, these dictionaries outline the terminological system within a specific scientific field.

Functionalism is one of the most important and fundamental theories in the social sciences, that its impact of can be traced to many events and phenomena of human life. The basis of this theory is very simple: the causes of phenomena are in the role and task that are responsible for. In other words, the foundation of functionalist thought in society is based on the principle that the continuity of social relations and Social section on the role and mission which play in society. Although this concept is one of the modern concepts of social science, the truth is that functionalism has a very ancient record in the history of human thought. On the other hand, art - in the general sense - is a phenomenon whose origins go back to the creation of man and has never been far from the material and spiritual life of man. But in the meantime, there is always a fundamental question. The question that this article tries to find a concise answer to without any prejudice and judgment is: How did art enter human society and what did happen that made a person to think of creating works full of beauty, creativity and innovation? The results of this study showed that art is always the product of its environmental conditions, even if that art is beyond and more advanced than its society in terms of form and content. In other words, there was a deep and close connection between the work of art and the artist on the one hand and society on the other.

The article is dedicated to linguistic analysis of symbol Fire in Russian poet-symbolist A. Bely’s lyrics. Symbolic meanings of the element Fire is studied from linguistic and linguoculturological points of view. There defined mechanisms which allow to express both traditional symbolism of “Fire” and the individual author’s meanings, they are collaboration of mythologizes and archetypes with the symbol explicated in the text with a proper word, in our case with the word “fire”. The subject of the studying in the article is both traditional and author’s symbolism of the element of Fire. The first is conditioned by German-Scandinavian mythology and archetypes represented with binary oppositions actualizing the semantics of vertical and horizontal directions, ambivalence, animism and anthropomorphism and others. The author’s symbolic meanings are expressed according to the creation of individual figurative meanings and symbolist’s associative layer in the nearest surrounding of the symbol in the texts.

This research is a general overview of the Latin script languages part of speech (POS) tagging with a specific focus on the non-Latin script languages, especially Persian. The study reviews the progress in POS tagging among the 23 highest native spoken languages in the world. Some of these languages follow the right-to-left (RTL) writing system such as Arabic, Urdu and Persian which have their own specific issues in POS tagging. This paper also goes through the issues and challenges which occurs during the tokenization and part of speech tagging of these languages. The challenges can be common between the languages or be specified to one. The Persian Language is chosen as the main interest of this paper and an attempt is made to critically overview the recent studies on Persian part of speech tagging and enumerate the specific challenges occurring in these studies. Reviewing the bulk of literature and examining the features, challenges, issues, and POS tagging tools in Persian, it was concluded that significant challenges of the researches on Persian were generally in the tokenization level and mostly as a result of using the Arabic script and its characteristics.

Blended learning is new but one of the most globally accepted forms of teaching-learning methods. The popularity of this hybrid mode has been proved many a time by the researchers for its useful impact in various fields of studies including English language. This mode has marked its popularity in the field of English language not only because it improves the LSRW skills in learners but also due to its significance in building an interactive, collaborative and motivated learning environment which is often a challenge for English language classes. As, the COVID-19 pandemic has marked the importance of online mode of teaching; the interest towards blended learning has increased many folds. But despite its popularity, there are many loopholes in the system that must be addressed to propagate this hybrid learning mode as a routine in the education system. The current review therefore provides a unique inspection of more than fifty research papers that has by far evaluated various advantages of blended learning system with special reference to English language and has also drafted multifaceted recommendations that will help in making the blended learning a successful alternative for regular face-to-face teaching.