فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 51، بهار 1400)

The purpose of this systematic mapping review is to map out and categorize existing literature of the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, and to identify the research gap in this field. Since the research questions seek to provide an overview of the opportunity identification process (OIP) literature at a higher level of granularity, the Systematic Mapping Review has been selected as the research method. 71 articles published during 1994-2018 in 19 academic journals were selected, analyzed, and classified concerning research focus (two main sections of antecedents and mechanisms), research type (conceptual-qualitative, conceptual-quantitative, empirical-quantitative, and empirical-qualitative), research method and data source. The results show that despite the growing popularity of opportunity literature in recent years, the fragmented nature of OIP publications among all journals is worrying. Also, analysis of articles revealed an increased propensity for antecedents-focus researches, while mechanisms-focus studies predominantly affect the OIP literature. Given the heterogeneous nature of how opportunities are identified, a need to integrate and test multiple theories arise. Moreover, from the methodological view, the young discipline of OIP research has a substantial scientific gap and suffers from a lack of empirical and exploratory studies. This study addresses the recent patterns, developments, and gaps by proposes a research agenda around topics and methods, intending to help entrepreneurs and researchers develop more effective practices.

Effectiveness and causality as two fundamental decision logics of growing research areas in the field of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of causality and dimensions of effectiveness (experimentation, tolerable losses, flexibility and pre-commitment) on business performance with a fuzzy approach. In this study, in addition to causally examining the necessary and sufficient conditions in the formation of business performance, effective combinations of causality and dimensions of effectiveness in the formation of business performance have been investigated. This research is applied from the perspective of the purpose and the data are collected by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the study, according to the statistics of Tehran Computer Guild Organization, includes 170 startup businesses in Tehran that have been operating for three years. Based on Cochran's formula, a statistical sample of 118 was calculated, 120 samples were collected by random sampling method and analyzed by fsQCA3 and SPSS24 software. According to the findings, among the various causes and dimensions of effectiveness, one dimension is a necessary condition and five dimensions are sufficient conditions for business performance. Finally, two types of complex and complex causal pathways were identified, each of which introduced four different combinations of causation and effect-making dimensions in the direction of business performance.

Entrepreneurship, as an important phenomenon in the economy, plays an effective role in the economic development and progress of countries. From another perspective, in a dynamic economy, ideas, products and services are constantly changing, and in the meantime, the entrepreneur and entrepreneurial organizations are a good model for coping and adapting to new conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Senior Managers support for organizational entrepreneurship mediated by affective commitment. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population of this study are faculty members of Tabriz University in 2020. Also, by simple random sampling method, the opinions of 239 faculty members were used. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Structural equations and SPSS23 and Amos23 software were used to analyze the data. Software output shows that the direct relationships between variables are significant. Also, the mediating role of affective commitment between the top management support and organizational entrepreneurship was confirmed. Findings of this study can play a significant role in improving the organizational culture of higher education environments and universities by increasing the management support of these organizations for entrepreneurship of their members, increasing affective commitment in them and thus achieving the goals of the organization.

Blockchain technology’s characteristics such as reliability, traceability, data immutability and smart contracts are giving rise to confident environments with less need for intermediaries. Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies are believed to have significant impacts on society because they can help to improve transaction efficiency, reduce cost, build trust and improve transparency. On the other hand, corporate governance is an important determinant of corporate performance. Poor corporate governance can damage the interests of shareholders, and may lead to business collapse. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of blockchain adoption on both corporate governance and corporate social responsibility, as well as the impact of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility. The statistical population of the research is all the managers and experts in knowledge-based companies in Iran. For data analysis, structural equation modeling and Smart PLS 3 software have been used. The results accentuated and proved, due to decentralized system, transparency and traceability, the positive impacts of blockchain adoption on corporate governance and corporate social Responsibility, moreover the last hypothesis result was the impact of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility. Therefore, the use of blockchain technology has great potential to provide efficient solutions to many issues that affect current systems in corporate governance. Blockchain role is critical not only for organizational performance and competitive advantages, but also for social and environmental benefits overall.

In modern era, small and medium enterprises play a significant role in today’s economy. Nevertheless lack of proper marketing are main reasons why SMEs fail. It should be noted that these types of companies require different marketing than large companies. Innovative marketing is a marketing suitable for small and medium companies that can reduce the failure rate of these companies in the IT industry and this plays an important role in Entrepreneurship and economic development of the country, which shows the importance of innovative marketing in them. Therefore, this dissertation aims to identify and rank factors that are influencing the innovative in IT industry. The chosen methodology is based on applied research with a mixed method. The data is collected based on Library research and Field research. The research has been done from December 2016 to June 2017.The primary research consists of 4 stages of questionnaires that were given to 15 experts in this field. Delphi method, ANP and DEMATEL technique were used in order to analyze data. This has resulted in identifying 14 criteria, 46 sub-criteria and patterns of internal relations of criteria. The result indicates that innovation, specialist forces, focus on customer orientation and the market itself has the highest importance.

Entrepreneurial empowerment is less regarded as a vital approach to sustainable poverty reduction. The literature defines entrepreneurial empowerment of the poor as either “empowering the poor for entrepreneurship” or “empowering the poor through entrepreneurship”. However, there is neither a comprehensive theoretical explanation nor a clear understanding about the body of knowledge on the entrepreneurial empowerment of the poor. This study, practical in the purpose and descriptive - documentary in data collection, aims to identify the body of certified knowledge on entrepreneurial empowerment of the poor in relation to its theoretical components. To do this, we first found three theoretical components based on the definitions in the literature: institutions, entrepreneurial agency, and outcomes. Then, we recognized the body of knowledge, by searching for keywords related to empowerment, entrepreneurship, poor and poverty in the WoS database through an extensive scientometric analysis over the period 1970-2019, using the CitNetExplorer software. Findings consisted of identifying bibliometric indices; introducing six knowledge clusters, including micro-finance, base-of-the-pyramid, entrepreneurial impetus, technology and infrastructure, organizing innovation and marketing of the poor's businesses, and female entrepreneurship. And accordingly, explaining the body of knowledge in relation to institutions and entrepreneurial agency. Besides, we researched in more general scientific databases to learn why some expected knowledge clusters were not discovered. Connecting the body of knowledge to the theoretical components identifies scientific and theoretical contributions.

The performance of entrepreneurs with disabilities is not limited to financial outcomes and create qualitative values for different levels. This study aimed to identify and analyze the qualitative dimensions of the performance of disabled entrepreneurs. This research is applied from the perspective of purpose and with a qualitative approach to the case study. Research data were also collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 disabled entrepreneurs through purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, selective, and axial coding and directional approach. In the open coding phase, 32 codes were finalized. In the axial coding stage, nine sub-categories were identified. The third stage showed four main categories that showed the qualitative dimensions of the performance of disabled entrepreneurs. In the individual theme, the sub-themes of agency and personal growth and development were identified. In the business theme, the sub-themes of access to resources and access to networks were also extracted. Also, in the family theme, the sub-themes of improving the welfare and welfare of the family through earning income and changing the position of the disabled in the family were identified. Finally, in the social theme, the sub-themes of community support, output for society, and output for the disabled were identified.

In this paper, we examine how the openness in firms’ boundaries is feasible when doing process innovation and what determines this open process innovation. So, we consolidated previous researches on process innovation through a precise systematic review of the 68 researches published between 2001 and 2020; then we synthesized various research-based findings to a comprehensive framework about OPI attributes and pillars. OPI attributes presents four main themes as technology intensity, significance, magnitude and locus of exploitation. OPI pillars is consistent of mechanisms, partners, achievments and antecedents. Finally, we argued missing links in the literature and provided future research agenda, according to three main paths: 1) to use more variety of methods - changing quantitative dominance to qualitative and multi-method approaches; 2) to emphasize development and testing; 3) to conduct more cross-national and cross-sectoral studies.