پژوهشنامه علم سنجی
پیاپی 14 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

Earlier, in the Editorial note of the 13th issue of the journal, regarding the ranking of universities, these issues were raised that "Is the university that ranks first in the existing rankings and macro-rankings really the best in all disciplines and fields of science and technology?" and in that case, "Is it possible to be sure that such a university has the necessary capabilities and competencies to participate in all fields and specialized fields of science and technology?" After discussing this, it was finally emphasized that the processes and indicators of the existing ranking systems can be more efficient and effective if they put the ranking of universities on both their micro and macro levels simultaneously; So that in the micro-approach based on a subject-oriented perspective, the ranking of educational / research groups of universities should be on the agenda and the rank of each university specialty should be determined in relation to the rank of similar specialized groups in other universities. Then, based on the macro approach, the overall ranking of each university is determined based on the average rank of the total number of specialized departments of each university.
Nevertheless, the major question now is that even if micro and macro approaches are adopted by ranking systems and accept the undeniable importance of top rankings in ranking systems, "Is it right to enact laws to direct the focus and orientation of the activities of faculty and students towards the promotion of the university's international reputation?" If true, "What are the characteristics of these laws and regulations?" And if not, "then how can we expect universities to excel in these international ranking systems and take advantage of their undeniable advantages?" Although it takes more time to answer these questions, here are a few points:The micro-approach to ranking allows for more accurate assessments and avoids errors which merely provide the overall ranking of universities in the macro-approach. Sometimes some higher education systems are quick to focus on legislation that requires students and faculty members to publish articles in international journals as much as possible before thinking about the real purpose and philosophy of ranking systems. In some cases, such haste causes the basic features of these ranking systems to be ignored, and as a result, the higher education system ceases to identify capable academic groups and goes astray. Therefore, taking a micro-approach to rank can itself be an effective tool in better and more accurately explaining existing facts.
The fact is that despite the importance of rank for the university, if rules and regulations are enacted that affect the educational and research activities of students and researchers in a one-dimensional, one-sided and inconsistent with the university program and path, not only the results may be not desirable, but it can divert the university from its original quality and purpose and confront the scientific community with a huge volume of pseudo-research. As mentioned before in notes of the Research Week in 1393 and 1394 at Online News Agency in Iran, and also in the Editorial Note No. 6 of the Scientometrics Research Journal regarding pseudo-research and the factors affecting its growth, it was emphasized that the phenomenon of pseudo-research occurs mainly based on ephemeral needs and job or educational demands that are sometimes stimulated by the regulations and guidelines in the higher education system. Therefore, the rules and regulations that are set in this way should consider the essential conditions for conducting quality research and be consistent with the existing facts in this regard.
Although achieving outstanding rankings in ranking systems requires top scores in a wide range of educational, research, and other indicators, but this should not lead to ignoring the effectiveness of activities at the university and lead the university to enact laws that merely pursue a quantitative increase in academic output, albeit aimlessly, in scattered subject areas without the necessary quality. Hence, it is essential that universities, while maintaining the effectiveness of their activities, also move with authority in the path of gaining top rankings. To this end, each university should always draw its own missions and thematic fields according to the needs of the country and the international developments, and lead the faculty members and students to move in that direction. In this case, while preventing the dispersal of work, the effectiveness and quality of activities are maintained and the possibility of obtaining top rankings for the university is provided.
Another noteworthy point is the inextricable link between education and research; So that the quality of research cannot be expected to be strengthened by underestimating the quality of education. Education and research are always necessary for each other and many factors directly affect both of them. Attracting quality and efficient students and faculty members, appropriate support for targeted research and educational activities, preventing an unreasonable increase in the number of weak and inefficient higher education centers, providing appropriate electronic access to credible scientific resources, information literacy training, and many more are among the factors that can affect education and research and, consequently, directly affect the university ranking. It is clear that if the identification and provision of such factors are considered, the relationship between the rank obtained and the academic capacity of universities will be significantly closer to each other. In this case, it can be expected that more capable universities will have a better chance of gaining top international rankings; because these factors will lead universities to better education and research.

 The main purpose of this study is to study the relationship between science and technology based on the citations of patents in university and industry co-publications based Citation Database Science Expanded in 2018.

 This research is applied one that has been done with a scientometrics and documentary approach and a reverse citation analysis method. The research population is the industry and university co-publications, and the data collection tools include WoS, ESI, USPTO, and EPO databases.

 The data obtained in this study showed that only about 2.32% of the publications cited patents in which about 4.27% of total citations were patents.

Conclustion: 

The link between technology and science based on the patent citations in scientific documents, in the other words, co-publications, has not been strong. Since the geographical distribution of more than half of the citations belonged to the G8 countries, it can be acknowledged that industrial development affects the industrial impact of countries on scientific outputs.

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of the scientific output of researchers of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands in the Scopus using PlumX.

The study is applied research in terms of the purpose and scientometrics descriptive in terms of type, which has been done using the library method and the altmetrics approach. The research population is the scientific output of the researchers of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, indexed in Scopus until March 2020. Bibliographic information, citation counts, and altmetrics indicators for each article were extracted. Descriptive and analytic analysis were performed and presented in tables and figures.

81.6% of the reviewed articles have been received citations. Also, more than 90% of these publications were considered in one of the 13 functions related to the five altmetrics indicators. The Usage indicator was the highest with 61481 times and the Social Media and Mention indicator were the least. The results show a significant positive correlation between the citation and altmetrics indicators.

Conclustion:

 Researchers' activity in social media can increase the visibility of scientific outputs. So researchers can use this context as a "self-archiving" tool.

The purpose of the study is to present the future research path of the “startup ecosystems" based on the extracted data from the Scopus database during 1988-2019.

This research is a type of applied scientometric research that has been done in a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) way and with the methods of co-occurrence analysis, co-lexical analysis and content analysis. Bibexcel and VOS viewer software were used to draw up required maps. The research population consists of 454 degrees (including articles, books, etc.) in the field of "Startup Business Ecosystem".

The findings from the survey show that numerous research pathways are aimed at providing insight into the development of startup business ecosystems practices the exponential growth of the certification process in the field has increased more than 58 % since 2015. Density and vocabulary dispersion and word co-occurrence analysis of the network can also be expressed in the area of "startup ecosystem ", which has the greatest attention in this area.

Conclustion:

 This research shows five pathways for future research: key components of the startup business ecosystem, macro factors, investment, background and environmental factors, organizational and managerial factors.

This paper aims to investigate Iranian highly cited articles along with drawing and analyzing and discovering social networks and patterns as well.

This research was done by the scientometrics approach. The population was included a total of 1475 articles by Web of Science database. In order to analyze data, some software included Histcite, Nodexel, and VOSviewer were used. So as to compare the journals’ quality, a list of journals in Journal Citation Reports was used and then analyzed by Excel software.

The findings showed that the number of scientific publications has increased in ascending growth. Moreover, the fields of engineering, chemistry, and mechanics were the dominant subject. Islamic Azad University, University of Tehran and, Tehran University of Medical Sciences have obtained the most prominent. The greatest collaborations were related to the University of South Korea and Virginia, Boston, and John Hopkins. Furthermore, Vanderbilt University, Washington, Valencia, Trieste, and Tennessee has achieved the highest and effective collaborations.

Conclustion:

 In order to increase the citation, Iranian researchers would be better to collaborate with the European authors. Collaboration with overseas researchers is effective in increasing citation, so it is recommended that at least one international researcher collaborates in each article.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the scientific outputs of Iranian researchers in the field of computer engineering.

The present study is an applied scientometric research and has been done by documentary research method. The research population includes 32108 all scientific outputs of Iranian computer engineering researchers from 1985 to 2020 indexed in the Web of Science citation database.

the findings showed that Islamic Azad universities and Amir Kabir University have the highest records in terms of science production in this field. A study of countries participating in Iranian scientific production in the field of computer engineering showed that the United States with 1548 records had the highest impact on Iranian production in this field. LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE was recognized as the most popular Iranian journal in the field of computer engineering. Also, most of Iran's scientific productions in the field of computer engineering have been done in the fields of engineering, telecommunications and mathematics.

Conclustion:

 The results showed that the scientific output of Iran was increasing in the field of computer engineering. The results of the scientific cooperation of researchers showed that in the production of science related to this area, Iran has had a scientific cooperation with researchers from 100 countries, which is the highest participation level of cooperation with the United States, Canada and Australia. Researchers in the field of computer engineering have published their scientific products in 4835 different journals indexed in Web of Science databases. Also, according to the findings, it was found that Iran ranks 19th in the world in this area, which is a suitable position.

Bibliometrics is one of the key areas of scientometric. Bibliometrics is very useful for organizing information in a particular discipline. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the status of scientific productions and identify key areas of tax using the co-occurrence of keywords.

In this study, the Web of Science database was used to collect research data. The VOS Viewer Software was also used to draw a map of the co-occurrence of keywords. Papers, countries, and the top journals on the subject of tax were identified. Key tax issues were identified using Co-word analysis.

The results showed that the Journal of taxation has published the most tax articles. The Journal of Public Economics has the most citations. The United States has the most articles in this field. The most important topics were taxation, tax evasion, tax competition, tax avoidance, and tax reforms.

Conclustion: 

The results showed that the general trend of publication of articles is upward and the highest number of articles is published in 2019. The results also show that the trend of publication of articles by Iranian researchers at the international level is low, so more attention should be paid to improve the status of Iran at the international level.

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge map in obstetrics and gynecology research using network analysis and visualization approaches through co-word analysis.

This applied research has been conducted with a scientometrics approach using the co-word analysis. The study population consisted of 57769 records on obstetrics and gynecology indexed in the Web of Science Database during 2014-2018.

The keywords "Pregnancy" and "Pregnancy-Preeclampsia" have been shown to have the highest rate of frequency and co-occurrence frequency in obstetrics and gynecology research, respectively. Hierarchical clustering leads to the formation of seven clusters, Clusters of "Caesarean", "Preeclampsia" and "Women's Cancer" are considered as adult clusters and "infertility" cluster is not a central cluster, but it is developed. It was also found that the clusters of "pre-natal screening", "menopause" and "pregnancy complications" are among the emerging or declining clusters.

Conclustion: 

The knowledge structure of obstetrics and gynecology revealed the status of research in this field which could be a guide for future researches. In the field of obstetrics and gynecology, issues related to infertility and its psychological problems need more attention from researchers.

The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between universities scores in Leiden and Nature index as two simple ranking systems based on bibliometrics with two complex systems, Times and QS.

 Using a documentary research method, the present study investigates an available sample consisted of the top universities commonly ranked in Leiden, Nature index, Times and QS university ranking systems during 2012-2017. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to identify the statistical relationship between the results of these systems.

 The findings showed significant and positive statistical correlations between university scores in Leiden and Nature index on the one hand and those of Times and QS ranking systems on the other hand. However, the results of the Nature Index and Leiden ranking system showed to be more strongly correlated with Times’ than with QS’.

Conclustion: 

There exist degrees of alignment between the results of the simple and complex university ranking systems, brought about by their similarities in dimensions and indicators, especially in those related to research productivity. However, the associations are not so strong to lead to identical ranking results.

 The study aims to identify and explain the structure, approaches, and orientations of engineering science and technology (S&T) evaluation indicators in the USA as a developed country, Turkey as a developing and Muslim country, and South Korea as an Asian developed country to provide a framework for developing such indicators in Iran.

Printed and electronic documents and literature related to the field were studied using the library method and an attempt was made to identify and extract the basis for compiling these indicators in each of these countries. Then, the semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 experts from the government-industry-academia sections who were selected using the purposive sampling to be obtained their views on the orientation of each of these indicators, and also its relevance to the needs of Iran. Then, the findings were analyzed with a thematic analysis approach.

 After identifying and explaining the indicators related to each dimension and component and removing similar indicators, about 845 indicators were identified and information about each indicator, including the title, purpose, and source of index extraction was provided, and the experts’ views on the indicators orientation and the importance of them to evaluate engineering S&T in Iran were obtained. Finally, the main framework of the necessary orientations for the proposed indicators of evaluation of engineering S&T in Iran was presented.

Conclustion: 

The results show each of the selected countries in addition to benefiting from the S&T evaluation common indicators, also has thematic orientations that can more effectively reflect the activities of S&T in fields such as engineering. The most important of these indicators are "patents", "research and development expenditures", "technology industry", "international trade in high-level technology" and "role-playing in the development of green growth technologies". Since evaluation indicators are always considered as the most important characteristic of the orientation of S&T policies of countries, using the group of indicators mentioned in the national reports of these countries can indicate that the scientific policies of these countries orientation to focus on specific areas of engineering development.

This study aims to analyze scientometrics of two Iranian journals published in the English language in the field of Knowledge and information science (International Journal of Information Science and Management (IJISM), since 2008- 2020 and Webology since 2006- 2020) based on co-authorship and co-word indicators.

This applied and quantitative scientometric research is conducted using the methods of social network analysis, lexical coherence analysis, and co-authorship analysis. VOSviewer and UCINET software are used for visualization and centrality measures.

The IJISM had published a total number of 242 articles with the participation of 435 researchers, 365 institutions, and 29 countries. Iran, citation analysis, and e-commerce were the three most frequently used terms in the articles of this journal. The Webology journal had published a total number of 187 articles with the participation of 290 authors, 267 institutions, and 37 countries. Citation analysis, open access, and Internet / Iran were the most three frequent keywords of articles in this journal.

Conclustion:

 Although most of the articles for both journals had been written by Iranian researchers, the number of received citations by the foreign researchers was further. The authorship pattern of the articles was two, one, and three authors, respectively.

The aim of this paper was the bibliometric analysis of the research published in the Scopus database on the subject of creative industries and to introduce the world's scientific map over the past 20 years in order to develop and create more of their role in the economy, between 2000 and 2019.

In this study, 1026 scientific sources on the subject of creative industries have been analyzed in the form of thematic research from the Scopus database. Data analysis was performed by the facilities of this database as well as VOS viewer software, which is visualization software.

The results of this study showed an upward trend in the publication of articles in the field of creative industries in the last 12 years. The top 5 countries in the field of scientific production were the United Kingdom, China, Australia, Indonesia and the United States. The evolution of keyword concepts has also developed from "Introduction and Deployment of Creative Industries" to "The Role of Creative Industries in the Economy and Creating New Jobs" and then to "Education and Introduction as Development Tools" and finally to "Classification of Creative Industries and Development Policy Making".

Conclustion:

 Examining this evolution shows that special attention should be paid to the issue of classification of creative industries and development policy making in them because currently the most important issue in the field of creative industries is in prestigious journals around the world and not enough studies have been done.

The objective of the present study was to compare the validation criteria of the Qom Hadith Schools with indicators of resources validation in Scientometrics from the viewpoints of Hadith and Scientometrics’ experts.

The research is basic in terms of purpose and survey-descriptive in terms of method. It has also used the method of qualitative content analysis. The population consisted of  all resources written in Qom Hadith school; and 60 experts in Scientometrics and. The data were collected using Derayat Al Noor software, Hadith works by Sheikh Saduq, and a researcher-made checklist based on the Lawshe technique.

The findings showed that the most important validation criteria for Hadith in Qom Hadith school included validation through comparing Hadith with other credits and documents, the authenticity of the document, citation to the prominent critics’ views on evaluating the narrators and their narrations, narrations in the famous books, trust in the famous writings of companions, the preference of some methods of collecting Hadith, the validation of Hadith implications, careful treatment of some narrators’ works due to their lack of explicit approval, verbal beliefs, the multiplicity of Hadith, attention to the narrator's citation and the content analysis of Hadith.

Conclustion: 

An agreement between Scientometrics and Hadith’ experts in terms of the conformity of the indicators of resource validation in Scientometrics and validation criteria for Hadith shows a close relationship between these two areas, Therefore, the root of the citation can be found in the Hadith sciences.

This study aims to investigate the interdisciplinary relationships of biomedical engineering with other scientific domains in WoS during the period 1997 to 2017.

The method of the present study is descriptive survey-analytical with a quantitative and scientometric approach. The study population consisted of 9100 articles related to biomedical engineering indexed in the WOS for 21 years. 955 articles were selected through stratified random sampling.

Scientific production in the field of biomedical engineering from 1997 to 2017 has a growing trend. The tendency to co-authorship with a collaboration coefficient of 0.77 in this field is high. Data visualization showed that "biomedical engineering", "materials science - multidisciplinary", "polymer science", "electrical and electronic engineering" and "tissue and cellular engineering" are the most frequent and effective fields.

Conclustion: 

The process of research and scientific and hot topics in this field and common fields and their impact has led to the emergence of new fields of study in this profession. Since the group collaboration rate of researchers in this field is at a high level, researchers can contribute to the advancement and development of biomedical engineering through wider communication with each other.

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the critiques of the theory of the “Matthew effect" with the existing laws in physics and their approach to each other to clearly and objectively generalize the debates of critics of this theory in the sociology of science.

The approach of the present research is qualitative and the library and document methods, evidence-based, and content and comparative analysis (bibliometrics) were used to answer the research questions.

There are factors and norms in beings, including the dimensions of the Jones model in scientific communities (scientists, universities, and journals), as well as temperature and pressure in the density of objects, which affect them through changes and transformations. So, scientific communities and the density of objects are not subconsciously different in forms and degrees. For example, the density of copper at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius is lower than the density of copper at a temperature of zero degrees Celsius, and similarly, the progress of the scientific community of third world countries is less than developed countries due to lack of quantitative and qualitative indicators.

Conclustion:

 Just as the density of an object changes as the motion of its molecules with increasing and decreasing temperature or pressure, different communities are not spontaneously at lower and upper scientific levels. Rather, each of the scientific communities, under the received scientific benefits, is expected to gain a worthy position according to their set of factors and talents; and visibility is achieved according to the capacity of each scientific community.