نشریه روابط خاک و گیاه
پیاپی 45 (بهار 1400)

To investigate the effect of irrigation volume and nutrient consumption on yield and yield components of cherry tomatoes, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as split plots in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the maximum plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per harvest, total fruit yield, and shoots dry weight were obtained in the treatment of 20 liters of water per square meter per day with nutrient solution application of micronutrients with concentrations of one and a half times the Hoagland solution. The highest water use efficiency obtained from the treatments of 15 and 20 liters of water per square meter per day and consumption of nutrient solution one and a half times the concentration of micronutrients in Hoagland solution with averages of 6.55 and 6.10 g final yield of fresh fruit each plant per liter of water consumption per plant, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the traits also showed a positive and significant relationship between total fruit yield with all studied traits, so that the highest correlation (r = 0.93) had with trait of number of fruits per plant and the lowest correlation (r = 0.7) had with trait of stem diameter.

To investigate the effect of irrigation volume and nutrient consumption on yield and yield components of cherry tomatoes, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as split plots in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the maximum plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per harvest, total fruit yield, and shoots dry weight were obtained in the treatment of 20 liters of water per square meter per day with nutrient solution application of micronutrients with concentrations of one and a half times the Hoagland solution. The highest water use efficiency obtained from the treatments of 15 and 20 liters of water per square meter per day and consumption of nutrient solution one and a half times the concentration of micronutrients in Hoagland solution with averages of 6.55 and 6.10 g final yield of fresh fruit each plant per liter of water consumption per plant, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the traits also showed a positive and significant relationship between total fruit yield with all studied traits, so that the highest correlation (r = 0.93) had with trait of number of fruits per plant and the lowest correlation (r = 0.7) had with trait of stem diameter.

Azolla grows well in wetlands and reservoirs in northern Iran. This plant can be used as a source of compost and as an organic fertilizer. In this study, azolla compost (AZC) and humic acid (HA) were used in the production of daffodil. The experiment was carried out with factorial arrangement based on the completely randomized design. The first factor was AZC (25%, 50%, 75% and 100 %v/v) and the second factor was humic acid (0, 250 and 500 mg L-1). Results showed that the longest flowering stem with 24.03% increase compared to control, was recorded at 25% AZC + 500 mg L-1 HA. Treatments 100% AZC + 250 and 500 mg L-1 HA, produced the highest flowering stem diameter. Maximum anthocyanin content obtained in compost 100% + 250 mg L-1 humic acid. In compost 25% + 500 mg L-1 humic acid, the amount of nitrogen and calcium was at the maximum. In compost 75% + 500 mg L-1 humic acid, the concentration of phosphorus and potassium increased compared to the control. The results of the present study showed that the use of azolla compost and humic acid is effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of daffodil.

Agronomic biofortification is one of the approaches to alleviate zinc deficiency in wheat. In this approach by changing the status of zinc, it could be available to plant. The application of organic fertilizers can stimulate physicochemical properties of soil and nutrition cycling which enhances zinc bioavailability. This study was conducted to evaluate the application of some organic compounds on grain zinc concentration and phytic acid to zinc ratio in wheat grain, biological yield, and grain yield of Rakhshan cultivar. The study was set as a completely randomized design with three replications during 2017-2018 in a greenhouse. The treatments were: control, hard wood biochar, and rice husk biochar with three levels: 0.5, 1, 2.5% (w/w), compost at 2% (w/w), and integrated treatments including compost + hard wood biochar, compost + rice husk biochar, with 1% (w/w) of each one. Results showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) of treatments on grain yield, phytic acid to zinc ratio (p < 0.01), biological yield, and grain zinc concentration. The biological yield and protein content of wheat grain were not significantly different between control and the studied treatments. The phytic acid to zinc ratio of wheat grain was less than 25 for control, as well as for 1% and 2.5% of hard wood biochar, compost, and integrated treatments. Therefore, depending on their availability, the applications of 2.5% hard wood biochar, 2.5% rice husk biochar, 2% compost, or hard wood biochar+compost are recommended as organic fertilizers.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of irrigation water turbidity and soil texture on the measurement accuracy of soil water content using time domain reflectometry (TDR) device. Treatments consisted of three soil textures (silty clay, sandy loam, and clay loam) and three levels of irrigation water turbidity (0, 1500, and 3000 NTU). Volumetric soil moisture content (θv) was measured using a TDR device and compared with the gravimetric method measurements. Results showed that TDR has the highest accuracy in the sandy loam soil under different levels of water turbidity and by increasing the clay content, the accuracy of the device is reduced as confirmed by root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.024, 0.027, and 0.038 in 0, 1500, and 3000 NTU turbidity, respectively, in this texture. Drawing of the coherence chart between the results obtained from TDR method and the gravimetric one showed that the highest and the least correlations between the two methods were observed in clay loam + well water treatment (R2 = 0.94) and silty clay + 1500 NTU (R2 = 0.84), respectively. Thus, increasing turbidity decreased the accuracy of the TDR device in all of the studied soil textures. Results also showed that the highest accuracy of TDR device was obtained in sandy loam + control treatment (0.0 NTU) conditions.

Narcissus is a bulbous plant in the Amaryllidaceae family. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of biological fertilizers and biochar on morphological and physiological properties of Narcissus cv. ‘Shahla’ (Narcissus tazetta L. cv. ‘Shahla’). The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design in a greenhouse at Ardakan University, in 2019-2020. The biochar was applied by mixing dry soil at three levels (0, 2 and 4 %w/w), whereas the biofertilizer was used at four levels: without amendment (control), 20 and 40 g kg-1  mycorrhizal fungi (MF) and Nitrozist biofertilizer (that bulbs were dipped in Nitrozist biofertilizer solution for 5 minutes). Results showed that a higher value for diameter of the largest flower (36.73 mm), diameter of sepal (10.53 mm), flowering stem (26 mm), number of leaves (8.66), width of leaf (20.44 cm), dry weight of root (3.18 g/pot), bulb diameter (1.66 mm), caretenoeid (2.22 mg g-1), chlorophyll (98.05 SPAD), calcium (3.83%) and phosphorus (0.96%) concentrations were obtained in combination of 2% biochar and 40 g per pot mycorrhizal fungi. For most studied traits, the use of biofertilizer and biochar alone improved the growth and flowering characteristics of plant compared to the control. However, the best results were obtained in the combined treatment of 2% biochar and 40 g kg-1 of mycorrhizal fungi, while by increasing levels of biochar and biofertilizer in the combined treatments the desired results were not obtained.

Amending soil with biochar (BC) and foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) are two new methods for reducing the effects of heavy metals on plant growth. To evaluate the effects of SA and BC made from rapeseed wastes on alleviation of lead (Pb) stress in salvia (Salvia afficinalis L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse. The factors included Pb concentration at three levels (0, 150 and 300 mg/kg as Pb(NO3)2), BC at three levels (0, 1 and 3% by weight) and SA at three levels (0, 150, and 300 μM). The results showed that Pb stress reduced all growth characteristics of salvia, but the treatments interactions on the proline content, soluble sugars and Pb concentration and the most growth characteristics such as leaf area ad root volume were significant (p < 0.01). The highest proline content (25.7 mmol/g) and Pb concentration (4.36 mg/kg) were obtained at 300 μg/kg of Pb, and BC and SA controls. Also, the highest concentration of soluble sugars (0.41 mg/kg) was found at 300 mg/kg of Pb, 300 μM SA and BC control. In general, although Pb stress had a decreasing effect on most morphological characteristics of salvia, but simultaneous application of BC and SA, as a simple and low-cost strategy, could reduce the negative effects of Pb by increasing proline and soluble sugars in the plant.