نشریه علوم سیاسی
سال بیست و سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 92، زمستان 1399)

The main purpose of this study is to investigate and identify moral-political harms and strategies to achieve a desirable Islamic society based on Surah Al-Ahzab. The main question is what Surah Al-Ahzab gives us as an image about moral-political harms, their contexts, and the ways to achieve a desirable society. This article is based on the descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that the main background for the emergence of moral-political harms is "behavioral hypocrisy", which is a more serious level of hidden and ideological hypocrisy. This leads to major harms such as spreading rumors, not following the leadership of the Islamic community, and daring him. In this surah, the Almighty God introduces the desired society as independent, pious, valuable, and with a superior model; And suggests solutions such as steadfastness in speech, guardianship, and fulfillment of the covenant to the members of the Islamic society. Creating these moral qualities is the first step to avoid the mentioned harms in the formation of a desirable Islamic society

The purpose of this study is to investigate collective responsibility from the perspective of Imam Ali (as) with reference to Nahj al-Balagha and its valid explanations. The main question is whether from the point of view of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha, based on the rule of collective responsibility, the whole community or parts of it can be held responsible for the acts committed by individuals or groups of society? Likewise, are individuals or groups in society responsible for the actions and behaviors, committed by their community in which they themselves have no role? ? The research is based on the assumption that Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha, based on his own ontological and anthropological principles while accepting the moral responsibility of the individual for the consequences of his actions, accepted the collective responsibility in the sense of mutual moral responsibility of the individual and society towards each other's actions. It means that not only participation in the action or assisting in the preparation of its action causes responsibility, but also heartfelt satisfaction with action and silence towards it (even if it is not from consent), is like participation in the performance of the action. It causes responsibility in front of its effects and consequences.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity of the council in fatwas and rulings. For this purpose, to show the validity of the council in the fatwa and ruling, various rational and narrative reasons have been cited, with a descriptive-analytical method. These reasons are: "The rule of reason to make the result of the council more convincing", "Quranic verses", "Narrations" and "The way of the wise". "Commitment to the object and commitment to its accessories", "Rational rule of preference over the preferred", "The basis of order in the age of absence", "Society's guardianship over the individual", "Collective agreement on the validity of the majority vote" and "Avoiding discord and division". One of the reasons for proving the validity is the majority vote that have been discussed in this study.From all the rational and narrative reasons, it can be concluded that the council is valid in a wide area and following the opinion of the council of experts is not only valid, but in many cases it is preferable to the opinion of the expert. There is no problem with the inclusion of the reasons for the validity of the council in relation to the fatwa and the judicial or provincial ruling, unless the reasons for the validity of the fatwa or the judicial ruling and the provincial ruling require otherwise.

With the aim of explaining an up-to-date and efficient approach to government jurisprudence and its requirements, this article seeks to respond to the necessity and requirements of the system in the jurisprudence approach. In response to the above question, a kind of systematization in government jurisprudence in accordance with the comprehensiveness, coherence, and purposefulness appropriate to the efficient administration of religious government has been considered. The analysis and the principles of jurisprudence have been described by using a method appropriate to the philosophy of philosophy, influenced by the second-degree view of jurisprudence. Accordingly, while explaining the system in governmental jurisprudence approach, the necessities of the system of jurisprudence in accordance with the system of religion and the requirements of the system, the elements and internal chapters of the field of jurisprudence have been considered; among them, we can mention such requirements appropriate to the management of the political system and the requirements appropriate to the legislative system of the political system. In the methodological requirements of systematization, such things as scrutiny and systemic attitude, consideration of the effect of rulings on the governance of society, consideration of the efficiency of the political system, and consideration of rulings in theological principles are mentioned.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the system of approving the credentials of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. In this regard, with a descriptive-analytical approach, with pathology and analysis of the existing system and using the experience of other countries, it was concluded that most of the tensions due to non-approval of credentials in the Islamic Consultative Assembly are because of the inefficiency of the parliamentary model; to compensate for this shortcoming, a combined "parliamentary-judicial" model can be proposed. This model can prevent the involvement of biased political considerations and lead to a decision based on rationality, impartiality, legal and judicial attitude, expediency, protection of the rights of elected and citizens, and genuine representation.

The purpose of this study is to read the political culture from Ayatollah Khamenei’s opinion. In this regard, with the descriptive-analytical method and theoretical model of Almond and Verba, Ayatollah Khamenei's cultural statements and views in three areas: "cognition", "identity" and "assessment" are examined and then the desired political culture in his thought is explained and delineated. The results show that in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought, political culture under the influence of monotheistic worldview and Islamic anthropology has been reproduced by forming elements such as freedom, rationality and supervision, and the model of dignity-oriented political culture.

The aim of the present study is to answer the question "How does the peace literature, as an emerging element, help reduce the level of unrest and increase the level of integration and peace?". It is assumed that peace literature, considering peace as a cycle and process, for its different type of narrative and reading and a range of audiences it includes, promotes functions such as belief in the possibility of change, empathy instead of tension and type, friendship instead of discrimination limits rioters (Islamophobia) and thus increases the level of peace. This descriptive-analytical study using cultural materialism (combined approach of Williams and Sinfield) has provided an analysis of the relationship between literature, peace, and the reflection of the category of unrest in the Islamic world and its consequences. This analysis chronologically belongs to the period after September 11. Reading two works of Khalid Hosseini (Badbadkabaz and Hezar Khorshid Taban) shows how the components of peace literature can be extracted from these two works. The Islamic world needs to re-read its legacy to break the existing unrealism. The imagery of literary works, for its wide audience and deep durability, has special functional capabilities in contrast to the chaotic components.

One of the applications of international political knowledge is to explain how powers deal in the world system. A wide range of theories have dealt with how to use culture as an influential variable in this confrontation, from Gramsci's hegemonic theory to postcolonial theories and soft power, which have produced important theoretical literature. With the advent of "resistance theory" in the Islamic world, a system of issues in international relations has been formed and led to competition between parties of this concept. The present study shows how media diplomacy can affect the success of the resistance element in changing the outcome of this competition. For this purpose, two Persian-language media outlets, BBC Persian (government) and Manoto (private) have been selected to examine the process of their activism towards the theory of resistance in the Islamic Republic of Iran by extracting a sample of content. Using the Sterling Theme Analysis method in 6 steps, we have tried to find the hidden content of the scattered data in their main axis by summarizing similar concepts in a more comprehensive way. Finally, the findings of this study show that both media outlets in all five selected indicators of the "Supreme Leader's Resistance Theory", significantly following a deterrent approach; Components such as: (leadership and the Guardian Council, the IRGC, and the Quds Force, political participation and popular unity and solidarity, scientific progress and the neutralization of sanctions, as well as the cultural model of Iranian Muslim women).