نشریه مطالعات مدیریت رفتار سازمانی در ورزش
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 28، زمستان 1399)

In times of crisis, a specific action plan to promote more resilient and sustainable sports can be considered a model for participatory governance in crisis management. The research purpose was to investigate participatory governance of coronavirus crisis management in small and medium sports businesses. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part included faculty members and university lecturers, managers and experts in the field of sports and in the quantitative part included faculty members and sports managers. In the qualitative part, 15 people were needed and in the quantitative part, between 5 and 10 subjects were needed for each question, so 320 people formed a statistical sample. The data collection tool in the qualitative section was semi-structured interview that the results of interviews were designed in the form of a questionnaire with 7 main factors. For content validity, expert’s opinion and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and combined reliability indicators, Cronbach's alpha, divergent and convergent validation and structural equation modeling were used by SPSS23 and PLS2 software. The fit index of model was reported 0.47 and results confirmed 7 main factors: Systematic approach, compensatory strategy, e-government, NGOs, policy-making of dealing with crisis, crisis governance and media support. Establishing a headquarter of returning to sports under the participatory governance of crisis management and using experienced researchers, managers, and knowledgeable experts are among the practical suggestions of research that can help resilience of sports businesses and reducing the effects of the crisis on them.

The aim of this study was to investigate the The effects of the new 2019 coronavirus outbreak (Covid-19) on the level of sports activities and mood of non-professional football players in Iran. This study is descriptive and a kind of field study. The statistical population of this study includes all male and female athletes who were played in non-professional football in the country before the Covid-19 era. For data collection, the standard questionnaire of the International Group of Covid-19 and Sport Researchers was used. The reliability of this questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's alpha method (R=0.82) and its validity was confirmed after review by a number of experts in this field. The mentioned questionnaire was published with the help of football delegations electronically and online and 686 questionnaires were completed and collected from all over the country in a random and stratified manner and were selected as a research sample. The results show that 84% of indoor places and 66.6% of open places are currently closed and 28.7% of people have lost their jobs due to the prevalence of Covid-19. Other results showed that there was a significant difference between the number of sessions and the intensity of training before the corona and during the corona; But there is no significant difference between the results of Covid-19 test and the degree of adherence to health laws and protocols. Conclusion that sports activities and mood are strongly influenced and reduced by Covid-19.

The purpose of this study was to design a communication model of social responsibility and organizational learning on customer development (members and audiences) of the Iran Triathlon Federation. The method of the present study was descriptive-survey and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all employees of the Triathlon Federation and the provincial delegations of this federation (N=200) that sampling was done by whole number method. Data collection tools were standard questionnaires of social responsibility, organizational learning and customer development that to confirm the face and content validity of the questionnaires from the perspective of 8 professors of sports management and to confirm the reliability by conducting a preliminary study on 30 people in the community and the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and approved by 0.81 for social responsibility, 0.88 for organizational learning and 0.85 for customer development, respectively. For data analysis, skewness and Kurtosis tests, Pearson correlation and structural equations were used by using SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 3. The results showed that Social responsibility and organizational learning have a positive and significant effect on the development of customers of the Triathlon federation also organizational learning, in addition to a positive and direct effect on customer development, through social responsibility has an indirect and significant impact on customer development too. Finally, the model of social responsibility and organizational learning on customer development (members and audiences) of the Triathlon Federation was designed and approved.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the mistakes of referees of League 1 and Iranian Premier League. The research method of this study was survey and purposeful. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the referees of Iranian Football League 1 and Premier League in 2019-20 (N = 165). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was calculated by exploratory factor analysis and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.93). One-sample t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data using SPSS software. The results showed that except for the environmental factor, other factors including: individual, educational, managerial and economic, had a significant effect on the errors of referees of League One and Premier League and also these components had significant differences with each other. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that: By controlling the physical and mental status of the referees, conducting more training and justification sessions throughout the season, adjusting the referees' rights to the whole world and paying it on time and using managers. Sport and training in the field of refereeing of Iranian football can create conditions that are less likely to see the referees' mistakes in judging and referees to reach the desired level of referees day by day.

The purpose of this study was to assess the identity and personality of the teams of the Iranian Women's Football Premier League from the perspective of their players. This applied research was conducted by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population was the players of the women's soccer teams that participated in the Premier League. In order to collect data, a 52-item researcher-made questionnaire was used which had six factors. 94 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe frequency, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics were used for Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, one-sample t-test, multivariate regression and structural equation model. For statistical operations, SPSS software version 26 and Smart PLS software version 3 were used. The reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha was estimated to be 0.871. Based on the research results, the dimensions of talent, success, entertainment, commitment, admiration and care explain the personality model of the women's soccer premier league teams, which was derived from the sum of success and talent subscales, performance factor and from the sum of admiration and care subscales, character factor. . The general model of structural equations of the research was obtained using the goodness of fit criterion of 0.563, which confirmed a very good fit of the general model of the research. According to the results of this study, sports managers and coaches of clubs can take effective steps to improve the level of performance of players and also improve the image of identity and personality of their team and club in order to attract sponsors and fans by using the dimensions and variables that explain each dimension. Take.

This study was conducted in Iran with the aim of presenting a model of the effect of transformational leadership style on organizational adaptability, with the mediating role of communication skills and job adjustment in sports federations. The statistical population of the study consisted of sports federations and sports delegations, of which 386 employees and their managers were selected as a statistical sample through a face-to-face and online questionnaire, and the results were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Emos software was calculated and the final model was presented. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha method of 93%. The results showed that the appropriate fit of the model was based on the effect of all paths of the proposed research model. The results showed that transformational leadership through communication skills and job adaptation has a positive and significant effect on promoting organizational adaptability. Among them, the most effect is related to the role of transformational leadership on communication skills with an effect rate of 69%. Therefore, the directors of sports federations and boards are advised to facilitate adaptation to the current changing conditions by changing the practice in their leadership style and using a transformational leadership style that will lead to improved communication skills and job adaptation of employees.

The purpose of this study was to the effect of inclusive leadership on the learning from errors of the employees of the General Offices of Sports and Youth in West of Iran with mediating role of psychological safety and moderating role of power distance. This research is descriptive research was a correlation based on structural equations. Statistical population was all of the employees of the General Offices of Sports and Youth in West of Iran. Statistical samples were 203 people that were selected by purposive sampling. For measure the variables, the Carmeli’s et al (2013) inclusive leadership, Rybowiak’s et al (1999) learning from errors, Carmeli’s et al (2010) psychological safety and Dorfman and Howell (1998) power distance questionnaires were used. That validity and reliability were confirmed. For data analysis, structural equations model were used by SMART PLS3 software. The research findings showed that inclusive leadership, both directly and indirectly through and psychological safety affect the learning from errors of employees. Also moderates the power distance of the relationship between inclusive leadership with psychological safety and learning from errors. Therefore, it is suggested to General Offices of Sports and Youth managers that in order to improve their employees learning from errors, using their appropriate leadership style, they will develop the fields of psychological safety. Also consider the individual differences of employees in power distance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Organizational Health and psychological capital with Staff’s improving the psychological well-being in sports organizations of Kerman province. This study was a descriptive-correlative type that was administered as a field study. The population of this study included all employees of sports organizations of Kerman province (N=245), that among them 150 persons selected by cluster sampling method. After determining validity and reliability, in order to data gathering use of Organizational Health, psychological capital and psychological well-being questionnaires. The data analyzed by method Partial Least Square. Findings indicated that Organizational Health and psychological capital has a direct and significant impact on psychological well-being of sports organizations employees. According to the findings of this study, suggested to the experts sports organizations employees do provide the necessary context for the implementation of the Organizational Health and increase the psychological capital for human resource development in these organizations.

Increasing diversity of employees in sports organizations, in terms of social, cultural and skill has led to a focus on intercultural aspects and management of employee diversity, so the purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of diversity management on employee productivity with mediating of organizational justice. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-survey based on data collection. The statistical population included managers, deputies, staff and instructors of physical education departments of Payame Noor University (264 people) and the Using Cochran's formula, 157 people were selected by simple random sampling The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using appropriate indicators. Structural equation modeling in PLS was also used to analyze the data. The results showed that diversity management and organizational justice have a positive and significant effect on employee productivity and explain 40% of the variance in productivity. Also, the direct, indirect (through organizational justice), total effect and variance inclusion (0. 587), diversity management on employee productivity were positive and significant, so the mediating role of organizational justice was confirmed. This means that 0. 587 of the impact of diversity management on productivity is transferred through organizational justice

Empowering leadership is a style of leadership in which leaders can regulate and coordinate the distribution and exercise of power with subordinates to develop their independence and self-control. Empowering leaders motivate people to break passive mindsets, increase their responsibility, and be more accountable for the consequences of their actions. The purpose of this study is to design an interpretive structural model of empowering leadership antecedents in sports organizations. In this study, after studying the research literature and identifying the precedents of empowering leadership and including them in a semi-closed questionnaire based on the Likert scale, a questionnaire was distributed among 18 managers and experts of sports organizations in Kerman province. Snowballs were identified. According to the results obtained from the analysis of recent survey data, a total of 12 variables in 5 levels, the first level (leader trust in employees, leader relationship, self-efficacy, risk-taking and self-esteem), the second level (organizational climate), the third level (organizational structure, distance Power and avoidance of uncertainty), the fourth level (leader personality and desire for control) and the fifth level (gender) were identified as the precursors of empowering leadership.