نشریه نقد، تحلیل و زیبایی شناسی متون
پیاپی 10 (بهار 1400)

Iranian literature is one of the hallmarks of Iran's long-standing civilization that embodies the customs and art of this land. The play is also a literary genre that has long been prevalent in the culture of this land and has remained in the form of mourning, surrealism, glorifying dances, painting, similitude and ta'ziyeh and more. Ancient Persian literature cannot be regarded as a stand-alone literature, but since ancient Persian literature and art have the same source, It can be said that the writings of the Iranian artist's literatures have been marked by the art of the show, and the dramatic literature has long been synonymous with other arts such as music and painting alongside literature. Persian literature is illustrative and meaningful and encourages the audience to visualize the text in order to get better And it is from this that an artistic interaction is formed between the writer and the reader, and by the act of reading and performing them, the dramatic capacity of the works is manifested. There is no doubt that ancient literature is the basis for the "representation of species" which can be seen in many works such as the works of the military, Attar, Rumi, Ferdowsi, Beihaqi, oufi, Tasuji and others. Since the play is the home of world media and one of the best known ways of enriching Iranian literature; The present study seeks to examine the dramatic capabilities of such works that remain anonymous and a powerful tool for the representation of Iranian history, art, culture and thought And express the place of these works in the field of theatrical literature.

Choosing the type of theme for children's and teen stories is very important. What have been seen in children's stories from ancient times to the present are moral and educational themes. These types of themes have valuable messages that help the child in moral development and excellence. In addition to moral and educational issues, today's child also needs life skills training. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the educational, moral and skill themes of selected children's stories in Iran and the world. The research method is content analysis and the method of data collection is documentary and library. The reviewed works are from selected children's stories and are published by the Center for the Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents. The results showed that by examining the themes of 45 selected stories from 30 child authors in Iran and the world, educational and moral themes were the most used. Skills-training themes have been less used. The use of skill themes such as self-belief, overcoming fear and loneliness, self-knowledge and self-awareness in children's stories also seems necessary.

At the beginning of the Masnavi, Rumi describes the mystical thirst for the separation of the spiritual soul from its origin with the sorrowful language of the reed, with the heartfelt melody and sincere sighs of the reed. This letter is an excerpt from the six books of the spiritual Masnavi and also an explicit proof of all the poems of this literary and mystical treasure, which paints a picture of separation and mourning from the very beginning. The point to be considered is the meaning of the words "anecdote" and "complaint" in the first verse of Masnavi, which has been described by several commentators and each of them has had a specific interpretation of it. This article intends to evaluate and critique some of the meanings proposed by a number of commentators by descriptive-analytical method and in proving the alleged meanings and concepts, the subject is divided into two axes: the vertical context of the letter and the proportional and contradictory context of the word. Discuss and analyze with mystical houses, valleys and authorities. The results of the research indicate that the mystical topics in any literary work, including the spiritual Masnavi, are so extensive and rich in content that everyone can understand it to the best of their knowledge. The concept of "complaint" in the letter is not a protest complaint expressed by some commentators, but "disgust" of separation, "description of the pain of longing" and "lamentation" and romantic prayers that Rumi in the vertical axis of its poetry. Has decrypted.

Houshang Moradi Kermani is a well-known writer and stylist in Iran who has had a profound effect on flourishing modern juvenile literature producing an abundant of unique works. Indeed, he tries to depict juvenile world, their issues and concerns in life. The current study, which is a kind of descriptive-analytic ones applying library sources, aims to both present a brief biography of this writer and investigate his works in juvenile literature comprehensively. The findings reveal that he has produced 8 story collections, 10 novels, 1 autobiography, 3 plays, 3 scenarios, and 3 literary messages during his five decades of writing and literary activity. Most of these works are translated into different languages including German, English, French, Arabic, Chinese, etc. winning various national and international rewards. Besides, there are various movies, TV series, and animations produced based on his scenarios.  In terms of different age range for juveniles, his works are appropriate for age groups “D”, “H”, “G” and “B” respectively. Moreover, adults can sometimes be the audience of his works. “Majid Stories” is the most well-known work in juvenile literature due to being broadcasted on TV and radio and published several times as books. Having the highest number of translation versions and winning international rewards, “khomre” is the wolrd’s most famous Iranian work in juvenile literature.

The historical-political approach to Hafez's poems has opened a new semantic horizon in the field of interpretation of his poetry. Deciphering some of the ambiguities of Hafez's poetry and establishing a vertical connection of many seemingly scattered and unrelated verses; One of the achievements of this approach. Hafez's tendency to use poetry as a means of expressing his opinion and orientation towards political events, as well as influential rulers and men, is one of the things that distinguishes him from most of the poets of the past. The events of the end of the reign of Shah Abu Ishaq Injou have a special place due to the profound impact of this event on Hafez and the change in the course of his life. These events began with the capture of Shiraz by Amir Mubarz al-Din Mozaffari on the 3rd of Shawwal 754; After a long series of wars and escapes, it finally ended with the capture and execution of Shah Abu Ishaq, on the 22nd of Jamadi al-Awal in the year 757. The purpose of this article is to investigate the reflection of these events in Hafez's poems from the perspective of historical criticism and content analysis (descriptive-analytical approach). The results show that a considerable number of Hafez's poems are related to the events of this period of history.

Hakim Nezami Ganjavi is one of the thinkers who has a specific style and idea for his artistic and poetic activities. And clearly expresses his beliefs and convictions in any field. In today's hustle and bustle of literary schools about the mission of poetry, the poet pays close attention to a literary perspective such as Nezami. And expresses the precise thoughts of a classical and ideological poet, as an intellectual and philosophical structure alongside the early and late literary schools, and shows the position of the content of the word and the mission of the orator in a particular period. Our task in this research is to extract and compile Hakim Ganjavi's view on the poet's mission, within the intellectual framework of Ganjavi and his temporal and spatial realm. Examining the direct and sometimes indirect allusions of the poet through his works throughout Khamseh and Divan, showed well that he has a great mission for the heavenly essence of poetry, which prevents the poet from absurdity, linguistic style and nonsense. . He considers the most important missions of the poet to be hope, happiness, religiosity, knowledge, honor of speech, spreading wisdom, cultivating religion and praising God, and explains the importance of each in his own style and manner.

Hatefi Khargerdi one of the great poets of the Timuri period. Although at the beginning imposed from poets such as Ferdowsi and nezami and created his works by imitating them But he was able to take initiatives. Hatefi's literary creativity in poetry has made him one of the prominent poets of the ninth and tenth centuries of Herat and one of the most talented poets. Although Hatefi was a great poet and he was famous in his time but in recent years researchers have paid less attention to the literary position of Hatefi. Now the question is: Researchers in recent times in their works what is the place for a hatefi? and what image they have drawn from him in the minds of the readers? This research has been criticized articles that are written about Hatefi in the recent period. In the following is described Hatefi position of literary based on the discussed issues in contemporary research. In recent research, describing the power of imagination, improvisation, Hatefi's success in epic poetry, pointing to innovations, poetic merits and addressing his literary and stylistic beauties are among the most important points made about Hatefi's works.