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سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، بهار 1400)

This study aimed to analyze the meaning of life experience in the elderly. The method of the present study was qualitative and using a grounded theory approach. For this purpose, ten older adults (6 females and four males) of Shiraz city, who were over 65 years old with the ability to speak Persian and didn’t have any severe affective disorders, were selected by theoretical sampling method. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with them to reach the finding. A systematic and analytical approach of Strauss and Corbin was used. Based on the analyses, in open and axial coding, the total strategies used to achieve meaning in life in the elderly were four final categories: Spiritual Excellence, Attention and Self Care, Exchange of Love, and Social Dynamics. In selective coding, the components were included under the strategic section. The present study showed that the view and perception of the elderly about the meaning of life is multidimensional, and these factors play a role in giving meaning to the life of the elderly.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training based on the Human Psychological Flourishing Model (HPFM) on happiness, competence, and social participation. The research design was quasi-experimental using pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with the control group. Participants included 40 male high school students in district two of Tehran in the first half of the 2019-2020 academic year. The samples were selected as the multistage sampling method from two schools and divided into two control and experimental groups. In the pre-test stage, both groups answered the Flourishing Psychological Questionnaire Scale (HFPS) Hojbarian, Rezaei, Bigdeli, Najafi, and Mohammadifar (Happiness, Competence, and Social Participation). Then, training based on HPFM was performed in 12 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group, and after the end of the training sessions for the second time (as a post-test) and after two months for the third time (as a follow-up), both groups responded to the research tool. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).The results showed that training based on HPFM has caused stable changes in the experimental group's happiness and social participation compared to the control group. Changes in the experimental group's competence and social participation compared to the control group were significant only in the post-test phase, while the follow-up phase was not significant. It is concluded that using training based on HPFM to increase students' happiness, competence, and social participation is suggested.

This research aimed to investigate the effect of mixed education of time perspective and mindfulness on resiliency and wisdom in female students in Abarkouh. This study is quasi-experimental, using a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group design. The samples were 30 students from the second-grade girls' high schools selected by random multistage sampling method, they were divided into two experimental and control groups. To collect data, Connor and Davidson Resilience scale and Ardelt Wisdom Scale were used as pre-test in both groups. Then, the time perspective and mindfulness education, as the independent variable (intervention), was conducted only in the experimental group in 12 sessions of 90 minutes each; the control group did not receive any instructions. At the end of training, the questionnaires were administered again in both groups as a post-test. Data analysis was conducted by applying repeated measures. The results showed that the mixed training of time perspective and mindfulness training has a positive and meaningful impact on resilience and wisdom of female students-behaviors and this effect continued in the follow-up.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on the level of hope in male high school students with drug-dependent parents. The Method was quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest, and follow-up period with the control group. Sample members were 30 people who were selected by available and voluntary sampling method from all high school male students in Koushkuyeh who were studying in 2018-2019 and had a drug-dependent parent. They were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The Instrument used was Snyder Hope Questionnaire which was used in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up period. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the research findings. The results of examining the dimensions of hope and its subscales in the post-test measurement and follow-up stages after adjusting for the pre-test effect showed that acceptance and commitment-based therapy significantly improved the hope of high school male students. This effect was lasting in the follow-up phase. Thus, acceptance therapy techniques seem to enable adolescents to gain a more realistic awareness and insight into their parents' issues and acquire the necessary ways to increase life expectancy.

This study aimed to determine the role of news content in the level of recall and attention of students. This study was experimental with simultaneous inter-subject and between-subject designs. Out of male and female undergraduate and postgraduate students of state universities in Tehran during the academic year of 2018-2019, 60 were selected first by cluster and then purposefully sampling. The instruments used were News Tracking Questionnaire of Broadcasting, Recalled Questionnaire, Eye Tracking System, News Impact Scale, and pieces of news that were performed on the sample, and data were analyzed by SPSS21 software. The mixed analysis of variance test showed that the news content of network 1 and News more than networks 2 and 3 have cognitively loaded content (p = 0.01) and men remember cognitive elements more than women and women remember emotional elements (p = 0.001). Also, the duration of the fixation of men on the news was more than women, which indicates more attention and cognitive involvement of men (p = 0.001). Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting must present the news content cognitively or emotionally, depending on the gender of the audience, to attract more attention and recall of the audience.

The importance of positive thinking as one of the main components of effective leadership in today's organizations led to the purpose of this study to design a contextual model of positive leadership. This study is methodologically based on interpretive studies based on Grounded Theory. Sampling in this study was performed using the snowball method. The sample size was determined based on the theory of theoretical saturation. Finally, the data of this study were completed through semi-structured interviews with 14 research participants. The Participations consisted of this study consisted of university professors with specializations in organizational behavior management, human resource management, educational management, school principals, and educational organizations. The results of this study led to the identification of 25 selected codes, 77 axial codes, and 355 open codes. This study categorized 25 selected codes into six main categories: causal conditions, central phenomena, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. The findings show personality traits, attitudes, and perceptions, core values ‌‌of the organization, communication circles, goal orientation, and leadership skills as effective factors on positive leadership.