فهرست مطالب

Clinical and Basic Research - Volume:5 Issue: 2, Spring 2021

Journal of Clinical and Basic Research
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Spring 2021

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/04/28
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Nihar Ranjan Mohanty*, Bhagyashree Panda Pages 1-4
    Background

    Transverse myelitis is an inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord manifested by acute or subacute onset of paraparesis, sensory deficit and autonomic dysfunction. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a very rare cause of transverse myelitis. Diagnosis is made through clinical examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spinal cord and bacteriological confirmation of infection. We report a case of tuberculoma presenting as transverse myelitis.

    Case description:

     A 21 years old female presented with hypotonia of lower limbs, urine retention, no abdominal reflex and no deep tendon reflex in knee and ankle. Brain and spine MRI suggested multi tuberculomas and incomplete myelitis. The patient was recovered after treatment with antitubercular drugs and corticosteroids.

    Conclusion

    Our findings highlight the importance of considering tuberculosis infection when managing cases with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis.

    Keywords: Tuberculous myelitis, Transverse myelitis, Central nervous system, Tuberculosis
  • Samira Eshginia*, Leila Khalili, Masoumeh Khalili Pages 5-12
    Background and objectives

    COVID-19 outbreak is characterized as a pandemic. Owing to the effect of this disease on people’s lives, news about the methods of preventing and treating this disease is released every day. There have been some clinical data suggesting that vitamins C and D can be useful in treating patients with COVID-19 disease. In this study, we aimed to examine vitamin C and D searching trends in 10 countries and worldwide about the COVID-19 news based on the data on Google Trends.

    Methods

    We surveyed the searches about vitamins C and D using some keywords on Google Trends from December 15, 2019 to April 29, 2020.

    Results

    The number of searches increased after the release of news about the effect of vitamins C and D on COVID-19.

    Conclusion

    The results suggest that as the news about the role of vitamins on infection prevention and treatment spreads, people become more interested in expanding their nutritional knowledge.

    Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Google Trends
  • Reza Afghani*, Roozbeh Cheraghali, Mahshid Mehrjerdian, Hanieh Raghimi, Sina Mohajernoei Pages 13-16
    Background

    Thymic epidermoid cysts are very rare. These masses arise from migration of ectodermal cells into the tissue that does not contain these cells. The imaging findings are non-specific and surgical excision is required to reach definitive diagnosis.

    Case description: 

    We describe an asymptomatic woman in her early 40s with an anterior mediastinal mass detected in the spiral chest CT scan for COVID 19. She underwent thymectomy and the histopathological exam revealed a dermoid cyst in thymus gland.

    Conclusion

    The dermoid cysts etiology is unknown and there are many unproven theories. The clinical sign, symptoms and location of the cyst can be variable. Our case was asymptomatic and the cyst was accidently found in the imaging. The initial diagnosis was a thymoma and at the patient’s insistence, cystectomy was performed and pathological findings indicated a thymic dermoid cyst.

    Keywords: Dermoid cyst, Histopathology, Mediastinal mass thymus
  • Jabar Parhiz*, Sara Rahafard, Samaneh Sharifi, Farshid Kompani Pages 17-25
    Background and objectives

    Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children before kidney damage is necessary. The purpose of this study was to compare efficacy of co-trimoxazole and cephalexin in the prevention of recurrent UTI in children.

    Methods

    The study was performed on 100 children aged three months to 14 years who were referred to the Taleghani Pediatric Hospital in Gorgan (Iran) during 2016. The subjects had a history of UTI and required antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent UTI. They were divided into two groups of co-trimoxazole and cephalexin. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 18) and at significance level of 0.05.

    Results

    Recurrent UTI was observed in eight children (16.0%) taking cephalexin and in six children (12.0%) receiving co-trimoxazole (p=0.56). Urine culture examination revealed Escherichia coli as the causative agent of UTI in six cases (75 %) receiving cephalexin and in five cases (83.3%) receiving co-trimoxazole (p=0.70). It should be noted that unilateral moderate hydronephrosis was the most frequent anomaly (n=26) in the study groups.

    Conclusion

    According to the results of the present study, both cephalexin and co-trimoxazole have similar efficacy in the prevention of UTI among children.

    Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Children, Recurrent infection, Co-trimoxazole, Cephalexin
  • Alireza Mohebbi, Azam Mirarab, Reyhane Shaddel, Mahnaz Shafaei Fallah, Ali Memarian* Pages 26-41
    Background and objectives

    Cyclophilin A (CypA) is involved in various human biological processes. Its role in many pathological conditions makes it a promising target for treating human diseases, such as viral infections. The aim of the present study was to investigate docking of CypA mutants with its potential inhibitors using molecular dynamic simulation ((MDS).

    Methods

    The crystallographic structure of CypA was extracted from the protein database (PDB). Important CypA substitutions were obtained from the literature. CypA inhibitors were taken from chemical databases. The affinity and binding sites of the compounds to CypA and its mutants were also scaled through Autodock Vina. Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), radios gyration, Lenard-jones potential, and hydrogen bonding were investigated by using MDS for 600 ps.

    Results

    The findings revealed that SangfA and HBF-0259 had more affinity to the CypA (-7.8Kcal/mol and -7.5Kcal/mol, respectively). Conformational changes were observed in CypA W121A/F mutants. SangfA complexed with CypA and its mutants had relatively stable RMSD. Higher Lenard-Jones potential has been observed in the interaction of SangfA to W121A, HBF-0259 to M61, and SCY-635 to H70F. The SangfA had a higher HBs ratio with CypA.

    Conclusion

    Given the higher affinity of SangfA and HBF-0259 to CypA and its mutants, they would influence the stability of the protein. RMSD analysis revealed that SangfA is probably ligated to CypA and its mutants, which are relatively stable. Substitution at W121 residue would reduce inhibitor binding to CypA.

    Keywords: HBF-0259, Cyclophilin A, Sanglifehrin A, CypA inhibitors, Molecular Dynamic Simulation
  • Akhtar Saifi, Negar Sadat Taheri, Hadi Reza Mansourian, Azad Reza Mansourian* Pages 42-47

    Thyroid hormones play a key role indevelopment of most metabolic disease. Toxic multi nodular goiter, toxic adenoma and thyroid autoimmunity are the most common causes of thyrotoxicosis. Graves’ diseaseis an autoimmune thyroid disorder characterized by production of autoantibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor on the thyroid gland.G raves’ disease-related thyrotoxicosis can be controlled either through medication or surgical and radiotherapy interventions. There are few options for the prevention of thyroid hormones overproduction including antithyroid drugs such as methimazole and propylthiouracil, carbimazole, radioactive iodine as well as thyroidectomy. In this study, the latest pharmacological information on treatment of Graveschr('39') disease are reviewed.

    Keywords: Thyroid hormones, Hyperthyroidism, Graves disease, Antithyroid drugs
  • Saber Gaffari-fam, Ehsan Sarbazi *, Hamid Moradpour, Hassan Soleimanpour, Hosein Azizi, Sohrab Heidari Pages 48-56
    Background and objectives

    Animal bites account for tens of millions of injuries annually. The present study aimed at identifying the epidemiological patterns of animal bites and factors affecting the delay of post-exposure prophylaxis for the injured patients in Hurand, northwestern Iran.

    Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from medical records of animal bite victims who were referred to the rabies center of Hurand between 2014 and 2017. The epidemiological pattern of animal bites and factors affecting delayed initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis was investigated using the Poisson regression.

    Results

    The majority of animal bites occurred in males and people aged 5-15 years. Moreover, most injuries were caused by dog bite. The most commonly affected organs were the lower limbs. The risk ratio of delay in vaccination for men was 0.88 compared with women. Delay in post-exposure prophylaxis was more common among rural residents and those bitten by cats.

    Conclusion

    According to the results, males, rural residents and people aged under 15 years of age are most vulnerable to animal bites. Designing a comprehensive educational program for these target groups seems essential for reducing animal bites. In addition, to prevent delays in vaccination, factors such as sex, animal type, location of events and the extent of bites should be considered.

    Keywords: Rabies, Delay of vaccine, Post-exposure prophylaxis, Animal bite
  • Javad Hashemi, Saeid Barzegar, Hoseinali Soltani, Ali Nabavi, Mohammadreza Safdari * Pages 57-66
    Background and objectives

    Blood transfusion has an important role in medical and surgical procedures. In Iran, a person needs blood or blood products every three seconds. Shortage of blood donors, poor facilities for storing and preparing blood products, lengthy preparation process until transfusion as well as irregular use of blood products are some of the important problems associated with blood transfusions. Given the importance of proper and effective use of blood products, this study was carried out to evaluate the blood consumption pattern in Imam Ali Educational, Research and Treatment Center in Bojnurd, Iran.This retrospective study was performed in 2020 on all cases requesting blood products at the Imam Ali Hospital in Bojnurd, Iran. All patient data including age, sex, blood type, requesting ward, type and the number of requested products including packed cell, freshly frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet were extracted from the hospital information system and the daily registry notebooks.

    Results

    Of 3083 blood requests, 58.6% were for males and 41.4% were for females. The most and least requested blood groups were O+ (32.9%) and AB- (0.5%), respectively. Packed cell (27%) and FFP (30%) were the most frequently requested products in the emergency department, while platelets (88.5%) was the most frequently requested product in the oncology department. Cross-matched to transfused blood ratio for packed cell was 1.37. Also, not using blood products index for packed cell, FFP and platelet was 27.5, 0 and 0, respectively. Moreover, transfusion index for packed cell, FFP and platelet were 0.72, 1 and 1, respectively.

    Conclusion

    The pattern of blood consumption in the studied hospital is relatively favorable. However, in some wards such as neurology and burns, there is a need to review the requesting and consumption of blood products. In the case of O - blood type, the probability of not using the requested packed cell and cross-matched is above 50%, which highlights the need for reviewing the blood application process due to the scarcity of this blood type and the imposition of workload.

    Keywords: Blood Component Transfusion, Blood Cross-matching, Blood Bank, Efficiency of Blood Transfusion