مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، تابستان 1400)

Citizenship sport is a social phenomenon that guarantees the mental health of human beings and is an important factor in improving their quality of life. The aim of this study is to determine the effective indicators of citizenship sports in metropolitan areas of Iran.

The present study has a hybrid (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative stage, semi-structured interviews with the participation of 20 experts and analysis of contractual content and coding were used. In a quantitative stage, a researcher-made questionnaire was used in a 5-point Likert scale with the participation of 15 experts and inferential statistics in the Delphi method. The method of sampling was the selection of experts in the research in a targeted manner and by the method of snowball and with the criterion of executive and operational records or having scientific and research records and theorizing in the field of citizen sports.

By coding and analyzing the content in the qualitative section, 201 open-source codes were extracted and categorized into indicators. The indicators were shared in the form of a questionnaire by Delphi method and the consensus of experts after three rounds indicated that 20 effective indicators of citizenship sports It was determined in the metropolises of Iran. These include motivational factors, needs assessment of public participation, identification of knowledge capacities, decentralization and segmentation of social strata and financial power, managerial stability, unified and centralized urban management, comprehensive and codified planning, information, awareness and improvement of cognitive factors, qualification and Efforts to specialize, coordinate and synergize in the country, integration and macro structure, financial support, creating the right understanding and attitude, setting and changing protection and development laws, active urban transportation, easy access, cheap and safe, availability Necessary infrastructures, increasing public participation, expressing the attractions of sports and the surrounding environment, expressing the socio-cultural benefits of sports, expressing the health and well-being benefits of the community, are 20 indicators of the factors influencing the sports of Iranian metropolitan cities.

With proper urban planning and management and taking into account the 20 identified factors, citizenship sports in the metropolises of Iran will achieve sustainable development and lead to healthy communities and the growth of citizens in cultural, social, economic, political and technological dimensions.

With the increase of female-headed households and the vulnerability of the mental and physical health of these households, as well as the need to control and manage the health expenditures of female-headed households, this study aimed to investigate the determinants of health expenditures of female-headed households in urban areas of Iran.

This descriptive-analytical and applied study was conducted cross-sectional with the microeconomics approach. The sample size included 2645 female-headed households, which were randomly selected based on three-stage sampling method, city, block and household selection, and data were collected by the Statistics Center of Iran using the cost and income questionnaire of urban households. The models were estimated in Stata 14 software using the two-step Hackman method.

The results showed that the monthly health expenditures of the female-headed households were increased by an increase in income, insurance expenses and head household’s age by 0.099, 0.71 and 16046 Rials, respectively. Also, these expenditures with having a child under seven years old and an elderly person over 60 years old were increased by 737587 and 691909 Rials, respectively. Increasing in the female-headed households’ education level led to a decrease in monthly household health expenditures by 37,839 Rials.

Female-headed households with children or the elderly had higher health expenditures than other female-headed households, so it is recommended to increase insurance coverage for healthcare and services to reduce health expenditures and not face to catastrophic health expenditures. These households also allocated a large share of the increased income on health expenditures, so policies to increase the income of female-headed households through employment, increase in grants, and health subsidies are proposed.

failure to thrive (FTT) is one of the most common and important problems in the age of 6 to 12 months. Maternal behavioral factors are the most important cause of FTT in children. One of the most important theories to improve the nutritional behaviors is social cognitive theory. This study was conducted aiming to identify the determinants of maternal nutritional behavior for children 6 to 12 months with FTT based on social cognitive theory.

This quasi-experimental study was performed with the participation of 100 mothers with children aged 6 to 12 months with FTT referred to health service centers in Torbat-Heydariye. Mothers were selected by cluster sampling and were divided into two groups of experimental and control. The educational intervention was performed in 6 sessions of 60 minutes. Data were completed using researcher-made questionnaires by mothers in three stages and analyzed by using SPSS24 software.

Results showed that there was no significant difference between the two experimental and control groups before the educational intervention on score of the demographic variables. However, after educational intervention, there was a significant difference in maternal behavior and weight of child (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the scores of social cognitive theory structures before and after the intervention (awareness, outcome expectation, outcome value, task self-efficacy, self-efficacy of overcoming obstacles, self-regulation, in case of situation, emotional adaptation, modeling) in the experimental group(P<0.05).

The results after the educational intervention showed the positive effect of education based on social cognitive theory on the behavior of mothers and the weight of children 6 to 12 months with Failure to thrive (FTT)

Mobile phone is one of the most important means of communication and social in the present age, and there are concerns about its harmful effects due to the growing use of it among adolescents. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior regarding microbial and radiation complications of mobile phone in female students of secondary school in Baghmalek city.

The present study was a quasi-experimental two-group study (test and control) that was conducted on 100 students in 2019. The target population consisted of female high school students who entered the study using stratified sampling method. The educational intervention was conducted using the method of short lecture, group discussion, question and answer based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior. The training sessions were conducted in the form of group training in the form of 3 sessions for 90 minutes during a month. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24 software and independent t-test and paired t-test.

The results showed that before the intervention, the mean and standard deviation scores of attitudes (24.08 ±4.78), Subjective norm (32.52 ±7.67), perceived behavioral control (32.28 ±5.05), behavioral intention (13.14 ±4.44) and behavior (24.30 ±4.40) between the two groups of control and test were not significantly different (P <0.05). However, one month after the educational intervention, the mean scores and standard deviation of attitude (25.94 ±5.95), subjective norm (37.22 ±7.31), perceived behavioral control (34.80 ±5.42), and behavior (26.86 ±5.95), except for the behavioral intention (14.02 ±3.11) in the test group, increased significantly (p <0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, education based on planned behavior theory is fruitful and can improve studentschr('39') microbial and mobile phone Preventive behaviors by increasing attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control.

Experience of life-threatening illnesses such as cancer leads to the comprehension of its positive outcomes along with its negative consequences. This study aimed to predict the post-traumatic growth inventory based on perceived social support mediated by resilience in women with breast cancer using a structural equation approach.

This correlational study with a descriptive-analytic design was conducted using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory. Two hundred women with breast cancer were enrolled using convenience sampling. The participants had visited Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran (n=62) and Imam Ali Complex of the Alborz University of Medical Sciences (n=138) 6 months after their surgery from April to September 2019.

Social support had a significant effect on resilience (P<0.05). In addition, resilience had a significant effect on post-traumatic growth (P<0.05). Results showed the significant indirect effect of social support on post-traumatic growth through resilience (P<0.05). The coefficient of determination indicated that social support alone explained 15.2% of the variance observed in resilience. The coefficient of determination was 56.3 for post-traumatic growth. Therefore, resilience and social support together explained 56.3% of the variance in post-traumatic growth where resilience had a greater contribution compared to social support (a larger beta coefficient).

Based on the results of the study, perceived social support affects post-traumatic growth with the mediating role of resilience in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, strengthening social support and resilience can play an effective role in post-traumatic growth.

The Age Friendly City has been proposed by the World Health Organization to achieve Active Aging. The aim of this study was to evaluation of transportation infrastructure and urban space of Tehran city based on the indicators of Age Friendly City.

The present cross-sectional study examined the views of 418 elderly residents of Tehran on the indicators of the World Health Organizationchr('39')s Age-Friendly City in terms of Outdoor Spaces and Buildings, Housing, Transportation and Community Support and Health Services in 1398. Data were collected using Age-Friendly City questionnaire of the WHO.

Findings showed that the outdoor spaces and buildings indicator mean= 39.70 (the item of access to mosques and religious places has the highest mean (3.84), the housing indicator) mean= 7.80 (the item of proportion of the elderly house with its needs has the highest mean (3.15), the transportation indicator (mean =34.80) the item of existence of bus route to key destinations in the city and public centers with the highest mean (3.42) and the health services indicator (mean= 22.80) the item of access to elderly health insurance services has the highest mean (2.70).

Considering the situation of the health services indicator compared to other indicators it can be said that the city of Tehran has not had favorable conditions in this indicator. Therefore, it is suggested that due to the upward trend of the countrychr('39')s elderly population, health policy makers and urban planners should consider improving the quality of health services indicators for the elderly in Tehran as a priority.

Addicts are one of the carriers of HIV/AIDS who should be trained to prevent this transmission. Due to the importance of education in the prevention of HIV / AIDS, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior in the prevention of AIDS.

This quasi-experimental study was performed in 2019-2020 on 100 addicts referred to addiction treatment centers (DIC) in Sari who were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were gathered in two phases (before and two months after implementing the intervention) using a designed questionnaire to measure the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs fill for both groups. The educational intervention was designed in four educational sessions (one-hour) according to the results obtained in the pre-test and was performed for the intervention group. Data were analyzed using the statistical tests in the SPSS-23.

Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the structures of the theory of planned behavior between the two groups (p>0.05), but after the intervention, attitude scores from 18.12±4.96 to 21.92 ±6.62, abstract norms from 19.38 ±3.62 to 22.66 ±5.38, perceived behavioral control from 17.85 ±4.92 to 20.61 ±6.13, behavioral intention from 12.42 ± 4.62 to 15.44 ±6.65 and behavior from 12.40 ±4.34 to 16.38 ±6.47 in the experimental group (p< 0.05).

The results of the present study showed that the educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior is effective in preventive behaviors of AIDS in addicts. Due to the significant effect of the intervention on the structures of the theory of planned behavior, education based on this theory can be used as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions to prevent HIV/AIDS among addicts.

Among the heart diseases, coronary heart disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality in human societies and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is the most common therapeutic intervention. Post-surgical hospitalization is an estimate of the success rate of surgery that cannot be fully explained by medical and demographic factors. Rather, psychological factors are important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress which are one of the most important psychological factors related to the length of hospital stay after this surgery.

In this cross-sectional study, the target population was all CABG patients referred to Farshchian heart Hospital, Hamadan, in 2019. The DASS-21 Questionnaire was used to determine the status of studied patients in terms of anxiety, depression and stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 and Stata software. Chi-square, Fisherchr('39')s exact test and OR index and binary logistic regression were used for determine relationship between variables.  

A total of 210 patients participated in this study. 152 (74.2%) of them were male and 58 (27.6%) were female. The mean and standard deviation of age were 62.99 and 8.89 years, respectively. According to the results of principal components analysis, 81 (38.6%), 81 (38.6%) and 86 (41.0%) patients had symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, respectively. The final logistic regression models showed. Relationship between sex, history of hypertension and high cholesterol with anxiety, relationship between maternal statuses with depression was significant. There was no significant relationship between any of the underlying variables with stress in the studied patients.

This study showed that the prevalence of anxiety, stress and depression in CABG patients is relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to check the mental status of these patients before performing this surgery.