نشریه راهبردهای توسعه روستایی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، بهار 1400)

The development of rural tourism requires recognizing the priorities of tourists and trying to upgrade and adapt the attractions and capabilities of the village to the needs of visitors, so that re-visits, introduction and recommendation to be visited by other tourists. The purpose of this study is to investigate the appropriateness of tourists' priorities with their objective perception of the tourist destination. The statistical population of the study was the tourists of the target villages of Tarom city and considering that the number of tourists entering the villages is not known, 100 tourists were selected as the sample. The data collection method is both documentary and field methods and the main focus of the research is on field findings that have been collected through interviews and questionnaires. In the present study, tourists' priorities have been determined and discussed in 4 general dimensions of infrastructure, attractions, marketing and education, 15 sub-sections and 59 components. For data analysis, descriptive statistics methods (mean and frequency) and for inferential analysis, two techniques of importance-quality (SERVQUAL) and importance-performance have been used. Based on this, the results show the products and products offered. Agricultural tourism opportunities, rural security, natural tourism opportunities, services and accommodation are the main priorities of tourists and despite the capabilities and capabilities of tourism development in target villages, due to the high expectations of tourists from rural tourism capabilities, the difference between the average importance and quality Perceived in the mentioned four dimensions was negative, so that the education dimension with an average gap of -1.12 had the most and marketing with an average gap of -0.24 had the least difference. According to the IPA matrix, the three dimensions of infrastructure, attractions and marketing are in the strategic position of desirability and the educational dimension is in the position of desirability.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of new handicrafts manufacturing capability on the impact of the development of target markets in Lorestan province. The present study will use descriptive, analytical research methods. This research is also applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 620 experts, experts and researchers in handicrafts in Lorestan province. The sample size was selected by random sampling based on Cochran formula. The research instrument consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire on modern craftsmanship capabilities, production leap and target market development, with 32 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was formal, which was confirmed by experts and professors, and its reliability based on Cronbach's alpha was 0.82. Data analysis is based on structural equation analysis in AMOS software. The results indicate that the new handicraft production capability has been influenced by the mediating role of target markets in Lorestan province, and that the new handicraft capability has affected the production capability with a coefficient of impact. 0.16, new handicraft capabilities, affecting the development of target markets, with an impact factor of 0.13, the development of target markets, affecting the output jump with an impact factor of 0.36.

The Impressive growth of rural tourism destinations and the need for competition and success have doubled the need for managers to assess tourist loyalty. The present study, considering these cases, has investigated the formation of satisfaction and loyalty of rural tourists based on their perceptions (quality, image, value and experience) in the Javaherdeh village. The statistical population of the study was domestic tourists of Javaherdeh village of Ramsar. The sample size was estimated to be 420 people and non-random sampling method was available. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive and covariance based structural equations modeling using SPSS26 and LISREL8.54 software. Findings showed that the variables of overall satisfaction, perceived experience, perceived quality, perceived value and perceived image, respectively, had the most to the least effect on the loyalty of tourists to the rural destination of Javaherdeh Ramsar. Also, from the tourists' point of view, climate and landscape as unique features, lead to a positive perceived experience as well as littering, destruction and degradation of the originality of the body and architecture of the building and the lack of an integrated service system leading to perceived experience of tourists. Based on these findings, the most important suggestion is to integrated network of tourism services (transportation, accommodation, catering, attractions, tours, souvenir shops) and public services in the form of a multilingual application or interactive website to facilitate design in tourist information, reservations and marketing communications. Based on other findings, finally, practical suggestions were presented.

Due to various limitations in order to provide face-to-face training to farmers, it is more important to use methods that can make access to new sciences possible with minimal time and cost. One of these methods is the use of information and communication technology, which is significantly expanding in the agricultural sector. Therefore, it is necessary to know the factors affecting the use of these technologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the use of these technologies among farmers in northern Khuzestan in 1399. A sample of 150 people was selected using cluster sampling method and SPSS software and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the age variable has a significant decreasing effect on the use of training based on information and communication technologies and for each year of decreasing age, these trainings increase by 0/03 units. For one hour of increase in extension training, 0/04 units and for each increase of farmer income, use of training increased by 0/14 units. The effect of land size and membership in cooperatives on the use of ICT-based training was insignificant. The predictive sensitivity of the regression model was 0.75.8 and its detectability was 0.81.8 respectively. In general in 0.79.3 cases, the estimated model correctly predicted the categories. Due to the greater impact of farmer income on the use of ICT-based training, it is suggested that the cost of the Internet for web-based agricultural training platforms be reduced as much as possible.

Home-based businesses in rural areas are very important for their survival and non-migration, and its study can be valuable for sustainable employment and, consequently, sustainable development. This is very important in areas with a large number of villages with a large population and often without a fixed income, including rural areas of Isfahan province.The purpose of this article is the effect of home-based businesses on economic structure from the perspective of villagers with a structural equation modeling approach. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-causal research in nature. The statistical population of the study includes all villagers working in home-based businesses in Isfahan province, which according to the Statistics Center of Iran in November 2016 was 296581 people. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the statistical sample size, based on which the sample size is equal to 384 households were estimated. Then, using probabilistic sampling method, questionnaires were distributed among 95 villages in Isfahan province that were randomly selected in 1398. The results show that the measured validity of all five measurement models as well as the second-order five-factor model is acceptable for surveying home-based businesses. Finally, production boom (0.30), increase in investment (0.18), improvement of business environment (0.66), reduction of villagers' debt (0.46) and reduction of migration (0.22) are among the factor burdens. Explains.

Empowerment of rural households is one of the most important goals in all rural development plans as it is impossible to achieve without empowering the less affluent segments of society. Therefore, this research attempted to investigate the barriers and limitations to economic empowerment of rural households in the Central and Zeberkhan Districts of Nishapur County. The research method was a descriptive-analytic documentary field research. The required data were collected by completing village and household questionnaires and completing the field observation form. Rural households living in the study area (33041 households) constitute the statistical population of this study and the sample size has been determined using the Cochran's formula, 373 heads of households. Data analysis was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique by Expert Choice software. Statistical and spatial analyses were carried out by SPSS and ArcGIS. The findings showed that there were sever or extremely sever barriers and limitations to the economic empowerment of 49.3% of the studied households. On the other hand, the results of comparing the average level of influence of the factors in the occurrence or intensification of barriers and limitations of economic empowerment of rural households confirm that indicators related to the lack of job opportunities with a coefficient of 0.1733, low income and uncertainty of its stability with a coefficient of 0.1661 and the weakness of resources and the inadequacy of production methods with a coefficient of 0.0501, are the most influential factors in the occurrence or intensification of obstacles and restrictions, respectively.

Urban areas, as places of service, have influenced the development of these spaces. Therefore, they must have a proper and effective performance in order to develop the settlements around them. Based on this premise, the present article while determining the performance of Noorabad city; It analyzes its impact on the economic development of the surrounding areas. This research from the perspective of the goal; Applied, and in terms of the nature of the descriptive method, it is considered analytical. Therefore, first, the basic economy of the region was measured by the spatial coefficient (LQ) method, then using MABAK analytical technique, the effect of the basic economy on the economic development of the villages of Pirahshahri was measured. Finally, by numerical taxonomy method, the level of economic development of the villages adjacent to Noorabad Delfan city was ranked according to the design method of the experts' questionnaire. The results indicate that the agricultural sector was considered as the dominant sector of the region's economy. In the study of economic indicators affecting the development of villages through MABAK, it was found that indicators such as; Achieving the second job with a weighted coefficient of 3.399 and changing jobs with a weighted coefficient of 3.193 are among the priorities of this method. This process is due to the fact that the economic development of the regions is at a low level. Finally, in the ranking made in the numerical taxonomic technique, it was determined that the villages of Khalifa-Abad (weight 0.107), Zaliabad (weight 0.152), Cheshmekhani (weight 0.212), respectively, in the rankings 1 to 3 and the rest of the villages are in the next ranks. Therefore, according to the obtained priorities, being on the main bumpy routes between Noorabad city and far and near towns and villages has caused the relative development of some areas, and the basic economy of this city has not played much role in the economic development of Piranshahr villages.

Continuous monitoring of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources is essential due to the excessive dependence of employment on these resources. The present study was conducted with the aim of quantitative and qualitative study of groundwater resources in the villages of centeral part of Bandar Lengeh city. After quantitatively estimating the groundwater balance, taking into account all components of the aquifer inlet and outlet, level hydrogeological maps and groundwater level changes based on the average of the lunar data were at least in GIS software (10.3 version). By quantitative and qualitative monitoring of groundwater resources in the study area, using water quality statistics of 35 wells that were registered by the Regional Water Company during the statistical period of 2003-2018, groundwater curves were drawn and plotted. The results showed that the groundwater balance of Pedlmezan, west Dezhgan and east Dezhgan aquifers were 5.94, 0.64 and 3.24 million cubic meters per year, respectively, and the amount of allowable withdrawal from the mentioned aquifers were 5.60, 0.64 and 0.64 million cubic meters per year, respectively. Annual drop of -0.03, -0.08 and -0.07 meters of water level of Pedlmezan, west Dezhgan and east Dezhgan indicates the favorable conditions of the aquifer water balance. The qualitative results of the basin showed that the average electrical conductivity of Pedlmezan aquifer has decreased from 6935 μs⁄cm in 2007 to 5654 μs⁄cm in 2003. In Dezhgan plain aquifer, it was found that the average electrical conductivity of the aquifer has increased from 7410 μs⁄cm in 1998 to 10424 μs⁄cm in 2007. Decreasing the amount of electrical conductivity in Pedlmezan aquifer and increasing it in Dezhgan basin is directly related to fluctuations in rainfall in the relevant basin in this period. The general result of this research is that the integrated management of water resources and the measures and planning of the regions have maintained the relative balance of water balance in the region, but in order to prevent the reduction of the quality of water resources with high salinity of the basin, the ban on further exploitation of the water resources of the basin should continue.