نشریه آینه پژوهش
سال سی و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 187، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1400)

Abu Ismail Abdullah Ibn Muhammad Ibn Ali Ansari Hirawi(391-481 AH) known as Shaikh al-Islam or Khawaja Abdullah Ansari is one of the greatest Hanbali scholars of Khorasan who is better known among Persian speakers as Sufi and ascetic. He was a preacher, narrator, commentator, and scholar of history and genealogy, and in his time he made many efforts to promote the Hanbali religion in Khorasan, and especially in his hometown of Herat. There are several works left in Arabic and Persian by him, some of which are sometimes properly doubted about their authenticity. One of the most important works attributed to him is his commentary on the Holy Qur'an, which Meybodi states at the beginning of his Kashf al-Asrār, that he saw it brief and concise, and therefore expanded and elaborated it in a new format. However, the original text of the commentary of Khājih Abdullah Ansari, which was the basis of Meybodi’s work, remains unknown. This article, for the first time, introduces new copies of this Persian-Arabic commentary in the two libraries of Khalil Hamid Pasha (in Sparta, Turkey) and the library of the Alavi shrine (in Najaf Ashraf), which confirm its attribution to Khājih Abdullah Ansari, and by introducing the characteristics and interpretive method of Khājih Abdullah, it deals with some of its most important linguistic aspects such as Hirawi Persian dialect, ancient Persian words and Hirawi syntax in this work.

This article is a written form of the lecture of Pavel Konich, a recently deceased German scholar, on the translation of Greek works into Arabic, but the author pays special attention to the translations of the second century AH. After a general introduction to the causes of these translations, the author tries to show that some of the Greek and Roman teachings and sciences, especially in astronomy, were translated into Pahlavi before Arabic and the Iranians played a role in transmitting this knowledge to the Islamic world, and this is something that can be deduced from some narrations and especially some terms. In addition, the author seeks to indicate evidence and proofs that support the theories of Fouad Sezgin, who believes that the beginnings of Islamic science and the translation of Greek teachings should be sought in earlier periods than scholars of the previous generation believed. It should be noted that this article shows the status of this branch of studies over the past fifty years.

Among the controversial issues that arose after the confrontation of the Western world with the Islamic world, is the issue of women as one of the most challenging subjects. Among the issues related to women, the hijab is the most prominent, and after that, the issue of women's participation in social affairs, education and establishing equal rights for men and women, is the second important issue. The issue of women was one of the most serious subjects among the Arabs, which led them to translation of works from English or writing works in Arabic. These works, in general, influenced the thinking of modern Muslims and prompted the opposition to react and write works in this field. In the following article, the author examines the works that have been written about women's issues in the first Pahlavi period. In addition, it introduces the works of Egyptian and Iraqi writers who were influential in Iran. He then provides a detailed account of Farid Wajdi's views in his book Al-Mar'ah al-Muslimah, which is written in the critique of Qāsim Amin.

A literary scholar named Jalāluddin Ḥarmī, between 678 and 705 AH, provided a collection of wise and literary treatises for personal use. In that collection, at the end of his treatises and in the margins, he has written some poems in Persian and Arabic by famous scholars and figures such as: Ibn Sinā, Suhriwardī, Khayyām, Fakhr Rāḍī, Nāsir Khusru, Shamsuddin Juweinī, Burhānuddin Nasfī, Sheikh Ahmad Jāmī and Kamāluddin Muẓaffar. In the present article, we will quote and review the Persian poems of this collection. Jalāluddin Ḥarmī is one of the poem writers of the Ilkhānī period and the collector of the ancient Safinih of quatrains in which twenty-three of his own quatrains have been reflected.

Despite the irreplaceable role of Mirza Abdullah Effendi in writing the biography of Shiite scholars, our knowledge of his own life and writings is more or less based on his own words.This article is dedicated to introducing an important and of course, overlooked document about Effendi's writings. Mirza Zeina al-Abedin, the son of Mirza Abdullah Effendi, wrote a list of his father's writings at the beginning of one of his father's books after his death. This list, despite its brevity, adds interesting information about Effendi to our knowledge. Including the names of three new Effendi books; His Kalami interests; And his relationship with Shah Sultan Hussein Safavi.An explanation of the fate of the Effendi Library is also provided. According to Effendi's notes on his library manuscripts, shortly before his death around 1127 AH, he distributed his books among his children: his two sons, Mirza Ahmad and Mirza Zeina al-Abedin, and his daughter, Khadijeh Khanum. In this article, examples of copies given to each of Effendi's children are introduced.

Baḥr al-Fawāid is an ancient Persian text written by an unknown author in the form of a brief encyclopedia of religious sciences and teachings of his time. In the text and manuscripts of the book, no trace of the author's name can be seen and previous researchers, including its editor Mohammad Taghi Daneshpajooh, have not been able to identify him. The author of the present article, by following the clues that the text of the book provides in order to identify the identity of its author, such as his religion and religious beliefs and the time of the writing of the book in the middle of the sixth century AH in Syria, and using other internal and external evidence, has speculated about the identity of the author of Baḥr al-Fawāid and has suggested one of the Shafi'i jurists living in the Syria named Qutbuddīn Neyshābūrī (505-578 AH) as its possible author.

In the present article, the author has reviewed the text of several documents as the twenty-fur part of the notes published under the title of manuscripts. The titles of these notes are:  Shiism from Qom to Sabzevar in the year 700 AH Was Ibn Sina an Imami? A document from behind a manuscript An example of a court sentence from the Qajar period Payment of pregnancy expenses Notes on four earthquakes on the back of a manuscript Having a good time in Najaf Ashraf! Destruction of Shiraz pub.

We know Iraj Afshar with numerous scientific titles; Iranologist, bibliographer, manuscript researcher, author, proofreader, cataloger, researcher, and editor of Iranian precious magazines. In each of these fields, he was the master of the time and in all of them, he tried to expand and excel in the Iranian culture and Persian language. But scholars have paid less attention to one aspect of his knowledge and exploration, and that is his attempt to spread the Persian language in the world. This article tries to explore Iraj Afshar's efforts in recognizing and introducing Persian language teaching in the world. This research has been done based on his notes in Iranology of Bukhara Magazine.

The book "Applied Discourse Analysis: Popular Culture, Media, and Everyday Life" by Arthur Berger is a book in the field of discourse analysis that has been translated by Hossein Payendeh and published by Morvarid Publications in 1398. In the present article, with the aim of criticizing the mentioned translation, the author first states the basic ideas of the book and then mentions some of the problems found in the translation.

The book of Khayyam's quatrains and Persian Khayyamans is the last work that has been published about measuring and evaluating Khayyam's quatrains and recognizing his original quatrains and separating them from the quatrains attributed to him. In this book, after introducing and criticizing various criteria that Iranian and foreign scholars have used in the last one hundred and twenty years to identify Khayyam's original quatrains, new and innovative methods have been presented. This method is based on three methods of identifying and evaluating ancient sources and paying attention to the principle of repetition and frequency, refining Khayyam's quatrains from the quatrains of other poets attributed to him, and the principle of observing the four rhymes in composing a quatrain in Khayyam's time. In the following, based on these three criteria, 20 original quatrains of Khayyam have been identified and introduced. Also, the 49 quatrains that are most likely to be attributed to Khayyam have been included in the category of "probable quatrains" and finally it has been shown that the attribution of 51 quatrains, some of which are very famous and have always been considered as Khayyam's indisputable quatrains, are rejected or at least considered as suspicious. This valuable work, which is the result of three decades of focused and continuous research by Ali Mir Afzali, is briefly introduced in this article.

In the following article, the author is trying to review two translations of the Qur'an (translated by Seyyed Ali Garmarudi and Hossein Ostadvli) which won the first prize of the book festival of 2011.  In line with this goal, by stating the verses of Surah Al-Hamad and 13 verses of Surah Al-Baqarah, he compares both translations based on the third edition of the translation of Ostadvli and the second edition of the translation of Garmarudi, and then presents his point of view.

The cover-making treatise written by Seyyed Yousef Hossein and edited by Ali Safari Aq Qaleh in 2011 has been published by the Written Heritage Research Center. In the third edition, some ambiguities of the first and second editions have been removed; However, in addition to the problems of the text, some misunderstandings have also occurred in the descriptions. In the present article, the author tries to address some of these problems by providing examples from the pages of the book.

Jahāngushāhy Khāqān, written in the middle of the tenth century AH, is the oldest monograph about Shah Ismail Safavi (Hak, 907-930), the founder of the Safavid state. This work also contains first-hand information about the origin and life of his ancestors and also contains news about the contemporary independent or semi-independent rulers of  the time of Shah Ismail such as Zahiruddin Babar, Agh Quyunlus, Sheibanians, and rulers of different regions of Iran. The book was read and edited in 1398 by Mohammad Ali Parghu and was published by Tabriz University Press and with the participation of the Sadi Foundation. The author of the present article has reviewed this work in the following paper. 

"Acting in the Garden of Iranian Identity; Hafez's "Role Model" by Dr. Farhang Rajaei, a professor at Carlton University in Canada, is a book about Hafez, the main concern of the author is "Iranian acting and their rules" throughout history, and why Iranians with a great civilization and entering the age of Safavid civilization was left out of acting and role-playing in the world arena, and instead remained on the margins of history. The question is: whether it is possible to prepare Iran and Iranians to enter the modern world and create a new world by modeling the foundation of Hafez's thought and intellectual system, and that this system can be used as a successful guide for the acting and role-playing of Iranians? In this article, some of the views of the author of this book about Hafez and his leadership and the answers to the questions raised as well as some reasons for the lack of Iranian role-playing are discussed.

In the present article, the author will have a brief look at the editions, translations, commentaries and additions of Saḥifa Sajādiyah, which have been published since the first publication of Saḥifa Sajjādiyah in 1248 AH in the Qajar period until the last version published in 1357, all of which have been published during the Pahlavi period, inside and outside Iran.