نشریه مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری
پیاپی 53 (بهار 1400)

Many of the benefits passed on to us through the advancement of technology are now indispensable to our daily lives and have created a bustling, noisy and artificial urban space. People see their vacation as a chance to make them relax from work and everyday life. The urban development strategy is the city's development document in all its dimensions. While the comprehensive plans are evidence of the city's development in our country, they play a major deterrent role, and their guiding role is very slight. One of the key and important concepts used to explain the attitude and approach of urban tourism management in Iran is the technocracy phenomena which means the rule of technologists or technologists. Research methodology According to the purpose of the study, the type of applied research is descriptive-analytical and semi-structured interviews, the researcher-made questionnaire with the reliability of 0.84, and environmental observations with emphasis on the three-way method. Data were collected using triangular method through interview, observation, questionnaire and content analysis. Accordingly ، interviews and observations in the context of environment and questionnaires have been used to explain the impact of the technocratic view on urban development plans on tourism. Conclusion The results of the three dimensions showed that the technocratic and technocratic outlook in urban plans has marginalized tourism and diminished the potential of urban tourism and resulted in the loss of the major identities of tourist attractions. These projects are theoretically and content such as disregarding the multidimensional nature of the city and its unpredictable variables, reducing comprehensive urban planning to physical planning, not paying enough attention to the need for targeting, decision making and decision making, not paying attention. Enough of the need to integrate physical goals with environmental and socio-economic goals has resulted in the destruction of the city's core functions and has only taken into account the technical aspect.

One of the most important subjects in tourism development assessment is the satisfaction of tourists from the ecolodge resorts quality. Naturally, increased satisfaction of tourists from the capacity and quality of recreation and residential facilities is directly proportional to the growth of tourism. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the tourists satisfaction from the quality of ecolodge resorts in rurals of Tehran province in the form of six indicators of the quality of infrastructure and health services, quality of infrastructure and welfare and catering services, quality of security, quality of territorial resources, the quality of physical infrastructure and the quality of environmental health. To this end, a questionnaire measuring the satisfaction of tourists from the quality of ecolodge resorts was prepared and standardized by statistical methods. Used method in this study is descriptive-analytical and its type is applied and the method of data collecting is done in both documentary and survey. The statistical population of the study is rural tourists in 6 rural accommodation centers. For determination of the sample size, the Cochran formula was used for uncertain or unconfined society with 95% confidence level, with the estimated number of samples estimated at 160. Data were analyzed using PASW software and CSM index. The results of the research indicate that the satisfaction of rural tourists in the quality of territorial resources quality has been higher than other sectors. In other words, the closest performance to expect is the quality of territorial resources, and the quality of the physical infrastructure is thereafter. This is while the quality of security has the lowest satisfaction.

Due to the crucial role of technology in competitiveness and economic growth, the technological capability assessment has been paid attention to by countries in recent years. Applying technology to gain competitive advantage, knowledge, and recognizing the firm's technological capability is one of the most important key factors in success. Introduction  Technological needs assessment is a tool to assess the capabilities required to implement technological priorities. The technology-oriented hospitality industry is one of the important and strategic industries in the world. Materials and methods This study aimed to prioritize technological capability assessment indicators to assess technological capabilities and develop a strategy for the Parsian Chain Hotels. The current research identifies and prioritizes appropriate technological capability assessment indicators according to the hospitality industry due to the importance of assessing technological capabilities and strategy formulation and their relation. Discussion and results  The results of this prioritization helped to develop future policies for this hotel. In this regard, according to the literature review, 32 indicators have been identified. According to the mentioned 32 indicators and validity confirmation by experts, 80 questionnaires have been collected after designing the questionnaire. Conclusions  After the confidence of questionnaire reliability by Cronbach's alpha test, exploratory factor analysis has been done, and 31 indicators in the shape of 8 factors have been classified and prioritized.

 The corporate social responsibility approach and the tourism industry are directly related to the community and the environment and are somehow intertwined and highly interrelated. This research aimed to present a conceptual model of corporate social responsibility in Iran’s tourism. A qualitative research approach has been used for conducting this research. This research’s statistical population has consisted of all tourism experts in 2018. The sample consists of 21 of them selected using purposive judgmental and snowball sampling methods; sampling was continued until theoretical saturation. The research tool was semi-structured interviews whose trustworthiness was assessed using the review method when coding and approval of research colleagues. The coding of the data was done manually, and according to the main purpose of the research, a paradigm model was constructed using the Grounded Theory approach. According to the results, the phenomenon of corporate social responsibility in the field of tourism includes various dimensions of "intra-company," "environmental," "economical," "social," "cultural," and "legal." The results also showed that "gaining social acceptance," "forming new concepts and knowledgeable and responsible tourists," "compensating for the negative effects of tourism," and "economic profitability" are the causal conditions affecting the implementation of this responsibility. Besides, intervening conditions and contexts affecting corporate social responsibility implementation strategies in the field of tourism in Iran were identified, which lead to "sustainable tourism development," "corporate competitive advantage," and "business sustainability."

Introduction:

 In the face of the increasing competitiveness of the tourism industry, destination tourism brand emerges as an important asset determining tourism destination identity. Attention to the urban landscape and planning is one of the most important factors that can greatly impact the urban brand. Urban landscape initially attracted the attention of the tourists. In a competitive environment, cities try to gain more market share, outstanding talent, and global attention. The main resources and attractions that are the key motivators for traveling and visiting a destination are divided into eight categories: 1- Environmental attractions (natural and human-made landscapes) 2- Culture and history 3- souvenirs and handicrafts 4-customs 5-celebrities 6-food 7- festivities and events 8-Tourism infrastructures. Apart from their role in shaping the form of the city, good and prominent urban landscapes serve as a tool for governments to increase their ability to attract tourists and global investments. Cities with a favorable visual environment can enhance their mental image and strengthen civic pride by expanding the audience's aesthetic experience. In such a competitive environment, paying attention to the urban brand is more important than ever. Urban and tourism managers have realized that to promote tourism, they must pay attention to various aspects of urban branding. The urban landscape is one of the factors that greatly impact the urban brand and its development and progress. This study investigates the role of the Isfahan urban landscape in the tourism brand of this city. This study investigates the role of Isfahan urban landscape in the tourism brand of the city. The main purpose of this study was to Explain the Interaction of Tourism brand equity and Urban Landscape from the Perspective of Foreign Tourists and prioritize the factors affecting the Isfahan tourism brand equity.

Data and Method:

 With a rich historical, cultural, artistic, natural background, Isfahan city is one of Iran's most important tourist destinations. The present study is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytic and survey concerning the method. The statistical population of the survey includes all foreign tourists who visited the city of Isfahan in 2019. The study sample based on Cochran's formula is 383 foreign tourists. In this research, by using the brand equity model, we validate the Isfahan tourism brand by emphasizing the city perspective from the view of foreign tourists. The data collection method is a questionnaire, and that of data analysis is by using Amos 23 software; In order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Gronbach's alpha was used, which is 0.89 for this questionnaire and indicates the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. The method of factor analysis is confirmatory.

Results:

 Brand image is the closest step to brand formation. A brand image is a perception of the brand reflected in the customer's mind by brand associates. A brand image does not have to be an objective image. The study results indicate that Isfahan's brand image has the most role in Isfahan's tourism brand equity. Also, historical attractions, cultural attractions, and handicrafts sequentially show the Isfahan branding image from the perspective of foreign tourists.

Conclusions :

The image of Isfahan tourist destination in foreign tourists' view is an image of a historical tourist destination. Historical landscape, natural landscape, and handicrafts in the case of Isfahan are considered competitive advantages; Especially the first one is a distinctive and unique feature of Isfahan compared to competing destinations. Improving and increasing the quality of the landscape affects the urban brand directly and has high power in attracting tourists and different investors. The urban landscape is one factor that greatly influences the urban brand and its development and progress.

Introduction:

 The city is a familiar word that brings movement with itself. This endeavor follows a path that is sometimes growing and sometimes declining. The historical texture includes many spiritual, symbolic, and aesthetic dimensions, which at the same time represent areas that contain evidence of urban civilization because it reflects the identity of the city. Urban regeneration is an interdisciplinary approach and comprehensive and integrated measures to develop and improve economic, physical, social, and environmental sustainability in the conditions of residents. It has long-term and strategic goals to regenerate the city. There are different approaches to creating sustainable regeneration in cities. An approach can create sustainability for the city that can advance modernization in physical dimensions and lead to the sustainable economic, social, and cultural-identity performance of the texture. Regeneration with a tourism development approach can lead to tissue sustainability. Historical textures of cities, which are hidden treasures, sometimes become the lifeblood of cities and a problem for them. Consider integrated. The purpose of this study is to "evaluate the tourism capabilities of historical textures to regenerate in the city of Tabriz," and, to achieve this goal, we seek to answer the question, "What is the status of tourism capabilities in the historical texture of Tabriz to regenerate?"

Materials and Methods:

 The type of research in this article is applied, and its study method is descriptive-analytical. The field of research is the historical texture of Tabriz, and the statistical population is tourists of the historical texture of Tabriz. The questionnaire of tourists in three socio-cultural, physical, and environmental dimensions with 30 items was prepared to evaluate the research. The number of questionnaires for tourists is 384. In order to increase the accuracy, 390 questionnaires were distributed among tourists entering the tourist areas of the historical texture of Tabriz (museums, parks, hotels, etc.). Questionnaires were prepared with a 5-point Likert scale. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using the Chi-square test.

Discussion and Results:

 In examining the independent characteristics of the study population concerning the subject, the distribution of tourists by gender includes 49.74% of men and 50.26% of women. The distribution of tourists by age indicates that young people are the most visitors to the historical texture of Tabriz. The distribution of tourists by job in the three groups of freelance, employee, and student has been a balanced distribution. The highest percentage of tourists in the historical texture were tourists aiming for leisure and recreational travel with 56.41%. The situation of tourism in the historical texture of Tabriz in socio-cultural, physical, and environmental dimensions is as follows: 1) Socio-cultural dimension: More than half of the respondents (90.5%) have chosen 'many' and 'very many' options and the tourism capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz in order to regenerate the socio-cultural dimension from the perspective of tourists is in good condition; 2) Physical dimension: More than half of the respondents (96.2%) have chosen ‘medium’ to ‘very large’ options and the capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz for tourism in order to regenerate the physical dimension are relatively favorable for tourists; 3) Environmental dimension: More than half of the respondents (95.1%) have chosen ‘medium’ to ‘very large’ options and the capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz for tourism in order to regenerate the environmental dimension from their point of view is relatively favorable.

Conclusions:

 The results indicate that the tourism capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz so as to regenerate the socio-cultural dimension to the desired level, in the environmental and physical dimension to a relatively desirable level. For this purpose, for the development of tourism in order to regenerate the historical texture of Tabriz, physical and environmental strategies and policies should be given priority. If the development of tourism is purposeful, it will cause regeneration in the historical texture of Tabriz. Due to the existence of many historical attractions in the historical texture of Tabriz and the potential to attract tourists, in fact, strengthening and reviving tourism centers can be the driving force of urban regeneration in this area. If the development of tourism is not purposeful, it will destroy the structure of the texture, congestion, and traffic will cause hardship to the residents.

This study aimed to identify the subjective typology of tourists in terms of the meanings of tourism destinations in Shiraz city. This study is applied research in terms of purpose and is descriptive in terms of method. Given the purpose of this research based on identifying the subjective typology, the Q method was used. The statistical population of the study consisted of individuals who had at least once traveled to Shiraz. The sampling method in this study was based on Purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using Q factor analysis. The exploratory Q factor analysis process consists of two steps: extracting the factors and then rotating them so that they can be interpreted. The findings of this study identified seven subjective types for tourism destination meanings in Shiraz; these types of typology were as follows: enthusiasts, collectivists, adventurers, relaxation searchers, self-reflections, differentiators, and reminders. Finally, these extracted mentalities were interpreted. This research provided a practical approach for tourism destination managers and activists in this field and hospitality sector to segment the market based on the meaning of tourism destination. And then each of segment target and marketing plans design.

One of the components of the regeneration projects is the expansion of cultural tourism and location marketing, which considers the existence of historical contexts as a platform for having historical-cultural values. Along with such an approach, preserving, reviving, and updating the spatial-physical, visual and aesthetic values of the ancient urban textures to make them desirable is discussed in this article. The city of Babolsar has been studied as one of the cities in Iran with touristic capability in the north of the country to evaluate the effective factors of tourism development in historical contexts. The study is applied research concerning purpose; The data collection method was quantitative using a questionnaire, and data analysis was conducted through multivariate regression test and path analysis. The research findings show that the re-creation of the basic culture is a factor in developing sustainable tourism in Babolsar and can be achieved by strengthening its factors (indigenous culture and local creative industries, art, traditional handicrafts, and preserving historical buildings). This study shows that the re-creation of cultural-historical contexts is closely related to the approach of urban tourism development in Iranian cities in general and in Babolsar in particular. At the same time, despite the unique opportunities of these structures, both in terms of physical and architectural attractions and historical rituals and traditions, the problems of tissue regeneration, severe shortages of tourism infrastructure, and limited and transient views of urban management can be the biggest obstacles to activating their capacities.

This study aimed to identify the most important touristic environmental quality indicators of the Asara District from tourists' perspective and emphasize the necessity of identifying the most important influential factors on the desired environmental quality. This study, according to purpose, is practical and descriptive-analytical research in terms of method. This study has benefitted from the multiple criteria decision-making models such as VIKOR, ELECTRE, SAW, and the Copeland model. The Evaluation and the prioritization showed seven influential factors Evaluating and prioritizing environmental quality. The factor related to the tourist attractions has the most effect on creating and improving environmental quality in the Asara District based on the tourists' point of view.

In recent years, tourism has become a competitive industry in the world. Businesses have become more inclined to pursue new ways to gain a competitive advantage and more revenue. The best way to make progress in E-tourism is to design a business model. This research is applying mixed methods included both views of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The study population was qualitatively ten experts in business models and e-tourism who were interviewed. The statistical population of the quantitative section consists of 279 E-tourism specialists. The research results were categorized to design a business model. The results show that the creation of Shared value, rules and regulations governing the industry, and organizational culture and agility have a positive and significant impact on the design of business models in the E-tourism industry.

Ecolodges are considered one of the basic elements in ecotourism, especially in ecotourism habitats and rural areas. Ecolodges have involved different components of the rural tourism system in the context of the origin and destination of tourism, and they have affected different dimensions of rural areas. The relationships between these components and their place in ecolodges can be defined and explained in the form of different models. Therefore, explaining these patterns and redefining the elements and factors of Ecolodges systems has an important role in the development of future ecolodges and the development of different dimensions of villages. Ardabil province, located in the cold region of northwest of the Iranian plateau, with its various factors such as the diversity of natural resources, hot mineral waters, and their healing properties, can be important in attracting tourists. Khalkhal county is also known as one of the potential eco-touristic areas of the province. However, the city's rural areas are known only as transit ecotourism areas and have not yet been identified as an ecotourism destination. Accordingly, ecolodges have been built in the past few years, only in a handful of villages such as Khums, Kazaj, and areas such as Aznav. In this regard, there is no proportionality between the villages. According to those mentioned earlier, this study's main aim was to explain and present a model for the development of ecolodges in rural areas; Khalkhal city as a suitable and compatible case study to identify the main factors selected in the development system of ecolodges in a destination Tourism. The main purpose of this study was to participate in the theoretical knowledge in the field of ecotourism resort development system. In order to present the future development model, first, the current status of the Ecolodges system in the city should be identified by identifying the main factors and categories influencing the ecotourism system and ecolodges in the region and then by analyzing the conceptual patterns and views and identifying the relationship between factors and Their effects provided an optimal model for the future development of ecolodges.  

This research is applied type, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is quantitative-qualitative research. Research data were collected mainly through field methods, including structured interviews, group discussions, questionnaires, field observations and evaluations, library methods, and theoretical exploration. The study's statistical population to identify the factors and conceptual patterns governing the system of rural ecolodges in this county includes all experts in this field such as managers, entrepreneurs of ecolodges, and researchers familiar with the current situation of rural ecolodges. The statistical sample of the research is consciously selected. It includes four researchers with a history of research and field study in Khalkhal, four activists and entrepreneurs in the field of ecolodges in the region, and two administrative experts related to ecolodges and tourism in the city. Since this section has been analyzed through the Q analytical model, according to the limitations of elite and knowledgeable people, finally, ten experts were selected to evaluate and analyze this section. Inductive qualitative content analysis has also been used to identify and analyze the extensive components of ecolodges.  

First, the effective factors in the development of ecolodges have been studied in Khalkhal city. Therefore, eight influential factors have been identified, which are very different in terms of effectiveness and importance. The first factor is the most important of all. This factor refers to ecotourism capabilities to build accommodation in most villages of the county. It has shown a relatively high level of public participation in tourism in most villages. The main manifestation of this partnership is the supply of handicrafts and indigenous rural products to tourists. Of course, the size and geographical location of the villages are also involved to some extent in this issue. Another important point concerning this factor is the lack of significant differences between Khalkhal villages regarding ecotourism capacity and infrastructure and services. However, this factor points to the fact that the relationship between rural ecolodges with each other and urban resorts is not very strong, and the weakness of rural management and publicity has fueled this issue. Then, the dominant thought patterns in the development of ecolodges were identified. There are only two thought patterns on the development of ecolodges in the ruling village, but the first model is much more important in terms of influence and importance. so as to explain more precisely the process and structure of rural ecolodges in Khalkhal city, the main concepts and categories have been identified through inductive qualitative content analysis, which includes entrepreneurial communication, strengthening public participation, and satisfaction People, lack of a definite model for ecolodges, the role of roads, human capital, weak government management, relative incompatibility between rural management and non-indigenous entrepreneurs, the role of non-indigenous forces, injecting ideas for ecolodges, hastily granting ecotourism permits and creating conflict It is exclusivism.  

After analyzing the data and research results, the final optimal model is presented to develop rural ecotourism resorts in Khalkhal city. The main components of this model involve entrepreneurship and indigenous knowledge, non-indigenous ideas, ecotourism monopolization, attraction production, ecotourism acculturation, identification of holes and sensitive elements, creation of ecotourism complexes, ecotourism routing, ecotouristic cluster and network management, and regional network strategy. Eventually, the ecolodge system will move towards development, but a scenario needs to be developed for better management.

 The main purpose of the present study was to classify destination-based factors affecting attracting tourists and their length of stay in Mashhad and provide interpretive structural modeling and clustering of these factors to assist tourism industry executives in this metropolis for optimal planning. A qualitative approach has been used to achieve this goal. Experts' opinions on the factors that could influence attracting tourists and their length of stay in Mashhad were collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaire distribution. MICMAC analysis is used to classify the elements and validate the interpretive structural model factors in the study to reach their results and conclusions. The results show that "legal and governmental," and "managerial" aspects as driver factors have a great influence on "welfare," "infrastructural," "economical," "socio-cultural," and "marketing" ones as related factors.