فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 61 (بهار 1400)

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of motor-based cognitive rehabilitation on improvement of executive functions of children with ADHD. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design which was done on 15 ADHD children with age of 6-12 years old in Tabriz city using a purposeful sampling method. N-Back test was used to assess the working memory. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used to assess the cognitive flexibility. Continuous performance test was used to assess sustained attention. Stroop test was used to assess response inhibition. Simple Reaction time test was used to assess Reaction time. Data were analyzed with repeated mixing covariance analysis and using SPSS.ver20.The result of the study showed that motor control cognitive rehabilitation was effective in improving executive functions (p < 0.01). These findings have further implications in the clinical interventions which have been thoroughly discussed.

The aim of current study was to determine the role of psychological hardness and religious coping strategiesin predicting life satisfaction among the mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. It was conducted with a correlational design. The study population included mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Tabriz City in 2017-2018. Using convenience sampling, 196 of the proposed mothers were selected and completed the Dienner's life satisfaction, Pargament's religious coping and Kobasa's psychological hardness inventories. Data were analyzed using Standard regression method. Findings showed that psychological hardness could predict the satisfaction of life, however, religious coping could not predict life satisfaction in mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Hardiness is often considered an important factor in psychological resilience or an individual-level pathway leading to resilient outcomes, in hardy mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities these condition led to life satisfaction. Developing and implementing of psychological hardness training program are needed.

The aim of this study was to predict social anxiety based on metacognitive beliefs and social skills of high school adolescents. Its method is descriptive-correlational. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, from two areas of Tabriz city, 5 high school schools were selected and 217 female students participated in the study as a sample. Subjects completed questionnaires of metacognitive beliefs, social anxiety adolescents (SAS_A) and social skills adolescents (TISS). Data were analyzed by multiple regression method. Results showed that among the components of metacognitive beliefs, negative beliefs about anxiety and Poor cognitive confidence have a significant role in predicting social anxiety adolescents. Also, social skills can significantly predict social anxiety adolescents. Findings showed that metacognitive beliefs are one of the effective factors in the development of social anxiety in individuals. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists identify and correct the metacognitive beliefs of students with social anxiety disorder to improve their health status.

This study was conducted in order to compare the effectiveness of couple therapy based on choice theory and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in marital interactions of the couples. This study was a semi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design and control group. The study population included married couples in Ardabil in 2017. Therefore, through convenience sampling method, 45 couples who had admitted by the counseling and psychotherapy centers in Ardabil were selected and divided into three groups of Experimental Group 1 (15 couples), Experimental Group 2 (15 couples) and Control Group (15 couples). They were assessed by Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) of Graham B. Spanier. Data were analyzed by MANOVA. Results showed that couple therapy based on choice theory and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) were effective in the improvement of marital interactions. So that, compared to couple therapy based on choice theory, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) was more effective (p < 0.05).

The aim of present research was to study the effectiveness of problem solving skills training in social self–empowerment and social adjustment. In this quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test design and control group, the study population included female second-year high school students in Tabriz in academic year 2017-2018. Therefore, using multistage random sampling, 60 subjects were selected and divided into experimental and control groups (30 subjects in each group). In pretest stage, they were assessed by and self–empowerment questionnaire of Felner (1990) and social adjustment of Sinha & Sing. Then the experimental group participated in 10 sessions of problem solving training, however the control group did not receive any intervention. Subsequently, posttest was conducted. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance. Results showed the experimental group had a higher social self–empowerment and social adjustment than the control group. So, problem solving skills training was effective in the improvement of social self–empowerment and social adjustment.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation, personal intelligence and academic burnout. Therefore, 120 medical students of Islamic Azad University of Ardabil completed academic burnout, cognitive emotion regulation and personal intelligence questionnaires during 2017-2018 academic year. Data were analyzed by multiple regression method. Results showed that there was a correlation between personal intelligence and cognitive emotion regulation (r=0.27). There was also a significant correlation between personal intelligence and academic burnout (r=-0.24). In addition, the correlation between cognitive emotion regulation and academic burnout was significant (r=-0.27). Also, the results showed that both cognitive emotion regulation and personal intelligence could predict academic burnout of medical and paramedical students. But the contribution of cognitive regulation was more than personal intelligence. These findings have important implications in the prevention, etiology, and provision of mental health conditions for students.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion mindfulness training (CMT) in symptoms of social anxiety disorder and cognitive emotion regulationstrategies of female students with social anxiety disorder (SAD) of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. In this research, a single case experimental design of multiple baseline type has been used. All female volunteer students living in the dormitory of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who were studying in the academic year of 2016-2017 completed Connor Social Anxiety Questionnaire (2000).Among the students who had the highest score from the cut-off point, four subjects who received a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder according to DSM-5, were selected by purposive sampling. The subjects were trained for 8 weeks and one session per week. They were assessed by Connor Social Anxiety Scale and Garnfsky Emotion Cognitive Regulation Scale (2001), before treatment, during treatment, and after treatment at the two-, four-, and six-week follow-up stages. Data were collected through clinical interview, Special anxiety inventory (SPI) and Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Visual analyze, percent of improvement and reliable change index were used to analyze of data. Results showed that compassion mindfulness training (CMT) lead to reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder, increasing adaptive cognitive-emotion regulation strategies and decreasing adaptive cognitive-emotion regulation strategies in subjects with social anxiety disorder. Two-, four-, and six-week follow-up indicated relative stability of the changes.

Abstract This study aimed at cross-validation of Dark pentad personality traits model among Iranian sample. Being socially maladaptive and irritating, Dark personality model is of traits that are associated with a range of negative consequences. The Dark Pentad Personality Traits Model expands upon the dark tetrad model, adding the component of spitefulness to the personality constellation of the narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy and sadism. The present correlational research studies the research population from Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in the academic year 2017-2018 and the sample size consisted of 400 people who were selected by using cluster sampling methods. The instruments used in this study included the Persian version of Dirty Dozen Scale, the Persian version of Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, and the Persian version of Spitefulness scale. The data were analyzed in two stages. First, Exploratory factor analysis revealed five components of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and spitefulness, which could finally explain 59.12% of the total variance. Also Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the Five-Factor Model and showed good fitness of the model; all fitness indices were higher than the critical value of 0.9. The internal consistency coefficients of the items through Cronbach’s alpha for the components ranged from 0.74 to 0.86 and for total items was 0.77. Test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.75 for total items, and between 0.70 and 0.79 for the components. Dark pentad personality traits model was confirmed in the Iranian sample and can be evaluated in clinical and research settings.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training with emotion regulation on sensation seeking and self-injury in susceptible to addiction adolescents. The research method was experimental with pretest-posttest-follow-up design. A total of 45 adolescents residing in pseudo-family centers of the Welfare Office of Tehran were selected by purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental and one control groups. Each of the experimental groups was trained for 8 sessions and the control group was placed on the waiting list. Data were collected using the Weed & Butcher addiction potential scale, Arnet Inventory of Sensation Seeking, and Klonsky and Glenn Self-Injury Questionnaire. Analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that emotion regulation training had a greater effect on reducing sensation seeking and self-harm than the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and this effect persisted during the follow-up period (p < 0.05). According to the findings, to reduce the psychological problems of adolescents susceptible to addiction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion regulation training should be used in educational workshops.

The purpose of this study was to study the psychometrics characteristics of Fear of Compassion Scale (Gilbert, McEwan, Matos, & Rivis, 2011) in Iranian society. Therefore, using random cluster method, 872 students of Shiraz University were selected. They were assessed by Compassion Fear Questionnaire, DASS-21 (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), Self-Criticism Scale (Thompson & Zuroff, 2004), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (Hayes et al., 2004) and Self-Compassion Scale (Raes, Pommier, Neff& Van Gucht, 2011). Results of factor analysis by principal components method and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a three-factor structure in the Persian version of the Fear of Compassion Questionnaire. The correlation of the scores obtained from the subscales of the questionnaire with the scores of other research instruments has also confirmed its convergent and divergent validity. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficients for all three subscales, as well as retest coefficients with two weeks interval, were in the desired range. The results of statistical analysis confirmed three components of fear of compassion from others, fear of compassion for self, and fear of compassion for others, suggesting the use of the Persian version of the questionnaire in Iranian students.

The aim of this study was to study the mediating role of educational goals in relation to the feeling of rejection, academic self-efficacy and academic performance.The research method was conducted with a  correlational method and path analysis.The study population included male and female students of the 11th grade in the first & third district of Ahvaz,(About 23,000 people) from whom 200 people were selected through multi-stage sampling. Data were collected through feelings of rejection (2019),academic self-efficacy questionnaire (2016), educational goals questionnaire (2016) and academic performance. In Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Findings showed after removing the non-significant relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic performance from the proposed model, the fit of the final research model was corrected and confirmed. Findings of the direct relationship between the variables showed that the feeling of rejection has a significant negative relationship with academic performance and educational goals; and academic self-efficacy has a significant positive relationship with educational goals and thus educational goals with academic performance. Findings also showed that educational goals could play a mediating role in the relationship between feelings of rejection and academic performance. The present study suggests that in order to improve academic performance, feeling of rejection in the students should be reduced. Also, by promoting academic self-efficacy, and it could set the stage for the development of educational goals, and with serious attention to educational goals, better academic performance can be expected.

The purpose of this study was investigating the relationship between childhood maltreatment, attachment styles and vulnerability to addiction through the mediating role of emotional suppression in adolescents. The present study was conducted with a correlational method. The study population included male students of the tenth and eleventh grades (secondary school) in the city of Osku in  the academic year of 2019-2020 (N=1400). Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 300 student were selected. The research instruments included an identifying people in risk of addiction questionnaire, childhood trauma questionnaire, attachment style scale and Weinberger adjustment inventory. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 and PLS 3 software using structural equation modeling. Results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between vulnerability to addiction and avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles, childhood maltreatment and high level of emotional suppression. The proposed model had a good fitness and childhood maltreatment and insecure attachment styles could explain vulnerability to addiction with the mediating role of emotional suppression (p < 0/01). As a result, emotional suppression, on the one hand, is influenced by the experiences of childhood abuse and, on the other hand, results from insecure attachment styles. Problems in regulating emotions and suppressing of emotions can make adolescents vulnerable to addiction. This issue have suggestions for prevention and intervention regarding addiction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy games on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the prevalence of primary school students (first to third grade).The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy games in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among primary school students (first to third grade). This quasi-experimental study was performed with pre-test and post-test with control group. After screening for elementary school students referred to the counseling centers of Tabriz 3 and 5 districts with learning disabilities and hyperactivity, 30 students were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 subjects) and control (n = 15). After performing the pre-test (Converse Teacher's Form Test) for both groups, a therapeutic gameinstruction was provided to the experimental group during 10 sessions and the control group did not receive any training.Then, the post-test was performed for both groups and the data were analyzed by MANCOVA.The test group scores were significantly different in the post test after the test group compared to the control group at the Converge Teacher's Scale (p <0.001). Hence, it can be concluded that the of cognitive therapy games reduced symptoms of attention-deficit / hyperactivity and impulsivity and this approach is recommended to therapists and psychologists.

The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting the causal model of the effect healthy and unhealthy goals and aspirations on mental health with regard to the mediating role of irrational beliefs. Therefore, 250 studentsfrom Allameh Tabatabaei University were selected through convenience sampling. They were assessed by self-report questionnaire consisted of Satisfaction with four Factors of Irrational Beliefs Test-Ahvaz (4IBT-A; Ebadi and Motamedin, 2005), General Health Questionnaire (28- GHQ; Goldberg & Hiller, 1979), and Aspiration Index (AI; Grouzet et al, 2005). Data analysis was administered in two parts of latent and observed variables via structural equation modeling using AMOS software. Results showed that unhealthy goals and aspirations could predict irrational beliefs positively and healthy goals and aspirations negatively predicted irrational beliefs; healthy goals and aspirations directly and indirectly affected mental health; but unhealthy goals and aspirations had no direct effect on mental health; rather, it can reduce students' mental health by mediating irrational beliefs.Also, irrational beliefs had a causal and direct effect on mental health.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of experiential-dynamic emotion regulation and mindful self-compassionate Eclectic Therapy in reducing core shame, increasing self-compassion and reducing depression severity in patients with introjective depression.  This was a single subject study with pretest-posttest design with a 45-day follow-up. The study participants included individuals diagnosed with depression in 2019 at Shiraz University Counseling and Psychotherapy Clinic. The individuals scored above 20 in Beck’s Depression Inventory II and finally, 3 individuals were selected as sample group with purposive sampling method given the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Internalized Shame Scale (ISS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and BDI-2 were used for each individual in the pretest-posttest phase, and finally integrative therapy for 8 sessions of 45 minutes was administered. Data were analyzed using charting and effect size method. The effect size changes in treatment interventions were larger than 0.5. Hence, Experiential-Dynamic Emotion Regulation and Mindful Self-Compassionate Eclectic Therapycan be used as a novel intervention to reduce the severity of introjective depression.