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Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Research - Volume:8 Issue: 4, Autumn 2021

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Research
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Autumn 2021

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/07/09
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Maryam Daneshpour, Zhina Mazhari, Melika Haji Mohammadi, Arif E. Cetin, Maedeh Khodamoradi, AmirReza Aref, Mostafa Azimzadeh *, Seda Nur Topkaya Pages 417-444

    COVID-19 emerged in 2019 as a pandemic that affected the world in many aspects and it have been the biggest challenge for many countries in the past year. Due to the lack of approved treatment methods for the disease, and more importantly, to inhibit its spread, the critical task is to detect it fast and reliable. Many research groups and companies have been developing different methods and products for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, while rapid, inexpensive, and high-throughput detection methods are needed. In this regard, significant progress has been achieved so far. In this article, we reviewed in-vitro Diagnostics (IVD) and Commercial Kits in three main categories including real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction kits, serology-based tests, and point-of-care diagnostic tests. In addition, familiarizing with coronavirus and its detection methods, genome study, Cell entrance and antigenicity, and Specimen, Lab Biosafety, and Authorization of Medical Devices for COVID-19 were discussed.

    Keywords: COVID-19, rRT-PCR kits, Serology-based tests, Point-of-care testing
  • Arman Dehghani Talgerdouie, Ali Sheibani *, M. Reza Shishehbore Pages 445-451

    Clopidogrel with trade name plavix, is used effectively to reduce the incidence of ischaemic strokes, heart attacks and claudication. In this study, an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) method was proposed for the clopidogrel determination in analytical and bio-analytical fields. Under experimental conditions, the analytical validation parameters of the proposed method were calculated and reported. The calibration graph was linear in range 30.0–2000.0 µg mL-1 for clopidogrel with two orders of magnitude and a goodness of fit, R > 0.99. The coefficient of variation (precision, n=10) was found to be within 7.5–8.6%, and also the concentration levels of 3.0 and 10.0 µg mL-1 from analyte were obtained for the limits of detection and quantification, respectively. The developed IMS method was successfully applied to determine clopidogrel with accurate recovery range (90.0–103.7%) in different matrices. The validation studies showed that the applied IMS was a simple, rapid, sensitive and reliable method for the clopidogrel analysis in the pharmaceutical and biological samples.

    Keywords: Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), Clopidogrel, Plavix, Pharmaceutical samples, biological samples
  • HamidReza Movahed, Mosayeb Rezaei *, Zahra Mohagheghzadeh Pages 453-466

    A modified molecularly imprinted polymer-carbon paste electrode (CPE) with rGO-Fe3O4-ZnO nanocomposite was constructed and used for the determination of Bisphenol A (BPA) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The rGO-Fe3O4-ZnOMIP/CPE shows a sharp and well-defined peak for the oxidation of BPA at 648 mV in Britton-Robinson universal buffer solution pH = 6.5. The presented electrode shows a dynamic range of 0.008-15 and 15-95 μM with the low detection limit of 0.004 μM. The repeatability, reproducibility, and stability of rGO-Fe3O4-ZnOMIP/CPE were checked and the obtained data confirm the excellent properties of the sensor. The selectivity of the presented method was investigated and the data show that Hydroquinone, Tert-butyl hydroquinone, Catechol and Bisphenol S and common ions had no disturbance on the detection of BPA and the changing in peak current was below 5%. Finally, rGO-Fe3O4-ZnOMIP/CPE was successfully applied for the determination of BPA tap water, food storage container and cured vinyl ester resin samples with satisfactory results.

    Keywords: Bisphenol A, Molecularly imprinted polymer, Carbon paste electrode, rGO-Fe3O4-ZnO, Electrochemical determination
  • Doaa Jalil Abosadeh, Soheila Kashanian *, Maryam Nazari, Fatemeh Parnianchi Pages 467-480

    Hydroquinone (HQ) sensitive electrochemical biosensing was performed using new nanocomposites of carboxylated graphene (GrCOOH) embedded in metal-organic coordination polymers (MOCPs) as efficient matrices for laccase (Lac) immobilization. GrCOOH nanosheets were used to pre-adsorb of HAuCl4 and act as anchor sites; they help to form MOCPs and more coordinate between gold ions and 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) ligand. According to the Tafel plot the mechanism was diffusion for HQ redox reactions on the proposed modified electrode surface and an electron process was in the rate-determining stage. It was concluded that this redox reaction was involved the same number of protons and electrons. The construction of GrCOOH-MOCPs one-pot entrapped Lac exhibited enhanced redox currents over MOCPs for HQ electrochemical oxidation and reduction and enhanced sensitivity and low detection limit (1.70 µM), being superior to other Lac biosensors. Furthermore, this biosensor was tested in real samples and demonstrated acceptable recoveries in real water samples and had good stability for one week.

    Keywords: Laccase, Biosensor, Metal-organic coordination polymers, hydroquinone, graphene
  • Vijaya Vemani, B.M .Gurupadayya *, R.S.Chandan, S .S.Manusmitha, Prachi Raikar, Sastry Purushotham Pages 481-491

    The various degradation products derived from bone collagen are pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, N- telopeptides, and hydroxyproline are excreted in the urine. Among that hydroxyproline is an important biomarker used to correlate the osteoporosis condition. A simple method of reversed phased ultra-fast liquid chromatography (RP UFLC) with a PDA detector. Hydroxyproline a UV inactive molecule is derivatized with Fluorenyl methyl chloroformate (FMOC) to form a UV active adduct. FMOC- Hydroxyproline adduct and Chlorthalidone as an internal standard were spiked to healthy adult urine and processed through strata Phenomenex C18 cartridges. Extracts from cartridges were collected and analysed on Phenomenex C18 column (250mm ×4.6mm i.d., 5µm particle size) as a stationary phase. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and diethylamine (DEA) buffer pH 9.0 in the ratio 50:50v/v at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Elutes were analyzed using a PDA detector at a detection wavelength of 265nm. The proposed method was validated as per US-FDA Guidance. In this study, the chromatographic peaks of hydroxyproline and chlorthalidone show better resolution with a retention time of 2.5 and 6.4 min respectively. Hydroxyproline shows excellent linearity with 0.9994 of the correlation coefficient (R2). The newly developed and validated bioanalytical method established is conveniently used for the clinical assessment of hydroxyproline in biological fluids & is used to quantify the biomarker concentration (hydroxyproline) in a urine sample and correlate to disease condition (osteoporosis).

    Keywords: Hydroxyproline, Fluorenyl methyl chloroformate (FMOC), RP-UFLC, Bioanalytical method
  • Mahmoud Roushani *, Zahra Saedi, Zahra Mirzaei Karazan, Azdeh Azadbakhat Pages 493-504

    A simple and rapid electrochemical method was developed for the detection of trace amount of Celestine blue (CB) at the surface of modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and molecular imprinted polymer (MIP). Various types of electrochemical methods; containing, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in order to probe the characteristics of the sensor toward CB was employed. The selectivity, real sample analysis (efficiency), the linear concentration range, and the detection limit of CB at the MIP/NiO-NPs/SPCE were evaluated by DPV method. FT-IR spectroscopy was applied in order to characterize the synthesized CB-MIP and non-molecular imprinted polymers (NIP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) techniques were used for surface morphology and porosity properties of CB-MIP and NIP. A linear range was presented by the sensor for CB concentration between 2-150 µM with detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.35 µM. The sensor is able to selectively detect the CB molecules over the potential interferences. The sensor was used to determine CB in the real sample with acceptable results.

    Keywords: Molecular imprinted polymer, Celestine blue, Nickel oxide nanoparticles, Screen Printed Carbon Electrode
  • Fatemeh Soghra Jahed, Samin Hamidi *, Mahboob Nemati Pages 505-513

    Measuring the heavy metals in environmental and food samples to evaluate the decontamination of toxic pollutants in the environment is vital for human health. In the current project, a new colorimetric method based on the aggregation of 1,3-dimethyl benzotriazolium iodide (BTAIL) stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for detection of copper (Cu2+) ion was developed. Aggregation of AgNPs induced by coordinative coupling between Cu2+ and triazole ring of BTAIL. Cu2+ AgNPs aggregates with a color change from yellow to red and a decrease in UV-vis absorption peak at 400 nm. Under the optimized experimental conditions (pH=9, reaction time= 3 min, BTAIL volume= 600 µL (0.01 M)) a linear range of 20-100 nM was obtained. Good selectivity and sensitivity toward Cu2+ among the other ions were observed. Finally, real sample results such as green tea, Rosa damascene, Chamaemelum nobile, and Thymus vulgaris indicated that the proposed method could apply precisely for practical applications.

    Keywords: Colorimetry, AgNPs, copper, 3-Dimthylbenzotriazolium iodide, Green tea
  • Amin Rostamzadeh, Mahboob Nemati*, MirAli Farajzadeh, MohammadReza Ashar Mogaddam Pages 515-523

    Bisphenol A is a monomer used in production of several plastic resins in food storage containers. Residue of BPA in plastics can be found in foods filled into the containers. Due to this fact that BPA is an endocrine disruptor, its dietary exposure must be estimated. In this method, the analyte was extracted using a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure from water and milk samples. For this purpose, a mixture of acetone and chloroform (142 µL) was dispersed into the water sample or aqueous phase obtained from milk after its deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid. In both samples, the obtained cloudy solutions were centrifuged and the sedimented phase analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector. Analytical features of the method consist of limits of detection (0.44 ng mL-1 in water and 0.51 ng mL-1 in milk samples) and quantification (1.47 ng mL-1 in water and 1.72 ng mL-1 in milk samples), linearity (r2=0.992), precision (RSD≤11.1%), and accuracy (RSD≤3%) were studied under final conditions. The results showed that the obtained results are acceptable. Different milk and water samples were analyzed using the developed method and BPA was found in several samples in the ranges of 11.2-32.6 and 9.6-23.5 ng mL-1 in milk and water samples, respectively. Comparing the results with maximum residue limit established by European Commission showed that BPA content was higher than the permitted level.

    Keywords: Bisphenol A, High-performance liquid chromatography, Water, Milk, Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction
  • Nahideh Mohammadi, Farhad Akhgari*, Naser Samadi Pages 525-536

    Herein, a novel fluorescent probe was designed and synthesized for the selective and sensitive detection of ranitidine hydrochloride based on the quenched fluorescence signal of carbon dots (CDs). The one-step hydrothermal treatment of Urtica dioica extract was used to prepare CDs. The as-synthesized CDs exhibited excellent water dispersibility and had a blue color under UV light irradiation (365 nm) with 12.49% of quantum yield (QY). The structural and optical properties of CDs were investigated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The as-synthesized CDs were used as a simple, sensitive, and inexpensive probe for the detection of ranitidine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical samples. The absorption spectrum of ranitidine overlapped with the excitation spectrum of CDs and the fluorescence intensity of CDs effectively decreased with the increase of ranitidine concentration due to the inner filter effect (IFE). A fluorometric assay was formed based on these findings that had a linear response in the ranitidine hydrochloride concentration range of 0.167 to 14.03 µg. mL-1 with a detection limit as low as 0.081 µg. mL-1. This new sensing assay was green and had beneficial features such as simplicity, rapidity, inexpensiveness, and ease of operation without the need for further modification. Using the suggested method, ranitidine hydrochloride was successfully measured in the pharmaceutical preparations.

    Keywords: Carbon dots, Green synthesis, Urtica dioica, Ranitidine hydrochloride, Fluorescence quenching