مجله تحقیق در علوم دندانپزشکی
سال هجدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 68، تابستان 1400)

Given the role of Solobacterium moorei in bacteremia, septicemia, oral infections, halitosis, and periodontal diseases and previous research defects considering the important role of laser in comparison with the application of antimicrobial agents, the purpose of this research was to compare the effect of 810nm and 940nm lasers on Solobacterium moorei in vitro situation.

The research has employed an experimental method. The standard strain of solobacterium moorei bacteria was cultured in a liquid medium (BHI), incubated for 48 hours at 37°C and 10% CO2, and then, the number of bacteria in the liquid medium was diluted to a standard concentration of 1McFarland. The colonies randomly assigned to five groups. In the first group, the control of sterile absorbent paper points was prepared in 50μl bacterial suspension. Initially, it was immersed for 2 minutes, placed on an empty sterile plate, and immersed in sterile physiologic serum. After 30 minutes, all paper points were removed from the plate, immersed in 7ml of Broth letheen medium, and incubated at 37°C for 1 hour. The 810nm diode laser was expose to the second experimental group and the 940nm diode laser was expose to the third experimental group for 10 seconds with 200mv power. Two types of antimicrobials including Chlorhexidine 0.2% and sodium hypochlorite 2.5% were used in the fourth and fifth groups, respectively. Finally, CFU rates were set through standard and bacterial counting methods. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-20 software and Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests.

The CFU of solobacterium moorei was significantly reduced in all the interventional groups (p> 0.05). The reduction of solobacterium moorei in the sodium hypochlorite group, chlorhexidine group, 810nm diode laser group, and 940nm diode laser group were 93%, 92%, 80%, and 60% respectively. 

According to the research results among different interventions, sodium hypochlorite had the highest effect and 940nm diode laser had the least effect on reducing of Solobacterium moorei

Candida albicans is the main fungus in human mucous membranes that causes superficial and life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals as an opportunistic pathogen. Honey has been used to treat many systemic diseases such as asthma, gastrointestinal diseases and skin diseases such as wounds, injuries and eczema. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antifungal effect of honey on Candida albicans.

In this experimental and in-vitro study, 47 plates containing Candida albicans were examined. Samples of natural honey were prepared from Khoy, Salmanshahr from local beekeepers and commercial samples from Mahram company. Volume percentages of 20,40,60,80,95 were prepared from all honey samples. Cup-plate technique and Agar diffusion method and Sabourod dextrose agar (SDA) culture medium were used to investigate the growth inhibition and diameter of growth inhibition zone. The obtained results (diameter of growth inhibition zone) were analyzed after three cultures by SPSS 24 and one-way ANOVA statistical method. Tukey test was also used for pairwise comparison, P<0/05 was considered significant .

All types of honey in maximum concentrations (95%) inhibited the growth of Candida and only Salmanshahr honey  in a concentration of 80% inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. There was a significant difference in inhibited of Candida albicans between groups with P = 0.03. Comparing Salmanshahr honey with Mahram honey with P = 0.022, a significant difference was obtained and Salmanshahr honey significantly inhibited Candida. There was no significant difference between Khoy honey and Mehram honey with P = 0.27.

The findings of this study showed that honey in high concentrations can have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Candida albicans and can be used as a safe antifungal treatment in patients.

E-learning is recognized as a new educational system in many countries, including Iran, and continuous evaluation is needed to improve, develop and guarantee the quality of such a system.
This study was aimed to evaluate the quality of e-learning in students of Tehran Azad School of Dentistry in 2020.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on all dental students of Islamic Azad University in 2020. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on previous studies. This questionnaire contained two sections of studentschr('39') demographic information (educational level (basic and clinical sciences), age, gender, computer skills, grade point average, etc.) and the quality assessment section of e-learning courses (containing 33 questions). The 33-item questionnaire included 6 domins: interaction (5 questions :), content (6 questions), individual learning (5 questions), information and attendance (3 questions), technology (7 questions) and evaluation (7 questions). The questions were scored on a six-point Likert scale from (1) undesirable to high (6). SPSS software version 26 and linear multiple regression model were used to analyze the data. Values less than 0.05 were considered as significant levels.

Of 272 students, 56.6% were female and 34.4% were male. 80.1% were under 25 years old. 65.1% were studying in clinical level and 34.9% were studying in basic sciences. The quality of e-learning in the domins of content, individual learning, interaction and information and attendance of the course was at a optimum level and in the domins of course evaluation and technology was relatively good. In general, the variables of basic and clinical sciences (p = 0.35), computer familiarity (p = 0.83), gender (p = 0.71), semester (p = 0.23), grade point average
(P =0.29) and age (p = 0.15) did not affect the total score.

The quality of e-learning courses for students of  Terhan Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University is evaluated at the desired level based on the average of six domains.
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Thetemporomandibular joint works in conjunction with other neuromuscular components. Defects in any of these components or factors prevent their coordinated activity and lead to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this study was evaluation of relationship between depth of curve of spee and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in patients referred to Occlusion section of Prosthodontics department of Mashhad Dental School during 2018-2019.

55 patients were studied in Mashhad Dental School. TMD symptoms included pain severity, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and the joint click was examined. Pain severity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale. Then, the alginate impression was prepared from the mandible and casts made and trimmed with type IV stone. Finally, a digital ruler used to measure the depth of the curve of Spee in the mandible and the relationship between the symptoms and the depth of curve of Spee measured by independent t-test.

Thirty-eight women (69.1%) and 17 men (30.9%) with a mean age of 28.1 ± 7.2 years and age range of 15 to 52 years were studied. The mean total depth of curve of Spee in females was 2.08 ±0.78 mm and in males was 1.72 ± 0.67 mm, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.86). Also, the mean total depth of curve of Spee in patients with and without TMJ click was 1.82 ± 0.52 mm and 2.09 ± 0.90 mm, respectively which was not statistically significant (p = 0.18).Also, there is no siginificant difference between  MMO and severity of pain with curve of space. (P>0.05)

In this study, although the mean depth of Curve of Spee in the patients with joint click was lower than the patients without joint click, this difference was not statistically significant. There was also no significant relationship between other symptoms of patients with TMD including pain intensity, maximal mouth opening (MMO) and Curve of Spee in the mandible.

radicular cyct(RC), dentigerus cyct(DC) and odontogenic keratocyct(OKC) are the most common odontogenic cycts, respectively. Awareness of the clinical and histopathological characteristics of these lesions is very important in dental treatments, that inflammatory cell infiltration can play an important role in DC and OKCthese odontogenic cysts’ clinical presentationspathogenesis.

In this descriptive-analytic study, 396 patient’s files (216 RC, 90 inflammatory DC and 90 inflammatory OKC) histopathologicaly were examined by two oral and maxillofacial pathologists simultaneously for evaluation the epithelium thickness, type and degree of inflammatory infiltration. The data were analysed using spss software using Spearman and Mann-Whitney tests.

Histopathologicaly the cyst linings were mainly normal in DC and RC and atrophic in OKC and RC. In all three cycts, sever inflammation were more common. There were a significant relation with epithelial thickness and degree of inflammation in RC (Pvalue=0.004). In RC, mixed inflammation with plasma cell predominance was seen while, chronic inflammation with dominance of lymphocyte were presented in 2 other cysts.

it seems, thickness of epithelium has been atrophic in periapical cyst and inflammatory odontogenic cyct and it would be normal in inflamed Dentigerous cyst. There was a reverse relationship between epithelial thickness and degree of inflammation in periapical cyct.

In the medical community, professional ethics is very important, and has a wide range of topics under the title of “Medical Ethics”. Therefore, due to the importance of patientschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) rights and its promotion that can only be achieved by informing the public and educating dentists, a study was conducted to investigate the attitude of dentistry students of Sari toward professional ethics.

In this descriptive study, the research population included all the last 3 years-of-course students of the Faculty of Dentistry of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences who were entered into the study by taking a census. The means of research was a researcher-made questionnaire based on studies related to this field for which the validity and reliability were evaluated in Karampourian et al study. After completing the questionnaires, the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 16 software.

106 students participated in this study. The mean age of participants was 23.84 ± 2.51 . After analyzing the data obtained from the total scores of the questionnaires, the mean attitude of the students was 104.97 ± 9.87 which is in the Good attitude range. The frequency of moderate, good and very good attitude of students was 4.7%, 79.2%, and 16%, respectively.

Since the faculty is the most influential force in shaping studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) ethics, therefore it is best to revise the ethics curriculum according to this major/discipline to achieve high goals in this field while considering the professional differences in dentistry.

Ankyloglossia is a developmental anomaly of the tongue that restricts the movement of the tongue. The incidence of ankyloglossia ranging from 0.02% to 4.4% in different communities. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of ankyloglossia in children aged 3-5 years in Sari.

In this study the prevalence of ankyloglossia in 975 children aged 3 to 5 years was investigated. A simple examination was done and the diagnosis of ankyloglossia was based on the presence of a short lingual frenum and Kotlow criteria. Also, the length of the free tongue was measured by a ruler, and based on the measurements, values of 16 mm and above were considered normal and values less than 3 mm were considered severe. The prevalence and severity of ankyloglossia were compared by sex with chi-square or Fisher exact test and normal distribution of quantitative variables was analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test.

The results showed that the prevalence of ankyloglossia in children aged 3 to 5 years in Sari was 3.6%, of which the prevalence was 2% in girls and 1.6% in boys, and only 0.7% of them had a severe form of this anomaly. Gender and age of children and also the age of the mother at delivery had no significant relationship with the prevalence of ankyloglossia.(P=0.73) and there is no significant different between mother age and ankyloglossia .(P=0.8)

As a result of this study, the prevalence of ankyloglossia in children aged 3 to 5 years in Sari was 3.6%, which was higher among girls than boys.

At present, there are various methods for performing diagnostic tests. Due to the fact that saliva is easily available compared to other body fluids, it can be collected from patients in a non-invasive way and there is no risk of cross-infection because of it, so its use has become more common. Also, the analysis of substances in saliva can be a reflection of a personchr('39')s oral and systemic conditions. Despite its advantages as a diagnostic fluid, the lack of sufficient information about the methods of collecting and storing samples prevents the repeated use of saliva. In this article, it has been tried to collect the most standard methods of saliva collection, required conditions and supplies, and how to maintain, and provide them to users.

In this review article, data were collected by searching articles which were published between year 2000 and 2020 in domestic and foreign journals, using databases such as: PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, EBSCO, Google Scholar and Embase with keywords: Saliva, Dry Mouth, Xerostomia, Salivary Determination and Saliva Estimation. Among the relevant authorities, the articles that were cited many times and were more up-to-date, were selected.

It seems like using saliva in modern diagnostic tests, makes the diagnosis of many diseases easier, faster and more accurate. The standard methods of saliva collection in this article can be used as a guide for laboratory-clinical researchs by researchers.