فهرست مطالب

Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Autumn 2021

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/05/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Mahbubeh Setorki* Pages 1-12
    Introduction

    Harmalol is a dihydrocarboline compound found naturally in several alcoholic beverages and medicinal plants. This study was designed to investigate the effect of harmalol on memory function and its possible mechanisms in a scopolamine-induced memory disorder model.

    Materials and Methods

    Thirty five male mice were randomly divided into five (n=7) group: Control group )normal saline(, scopolamin   group (scopolamine at a dose of 1 mg / kg)  and treatment groups (harmalol in three doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg / kg with scopolamine) for 21 days.  Behavioral tests were performed after the treatment period. The mice were then subjected to deep anesthesia and blood and brain tissue samples were obtained.

    Results

    Harmalol significantly decreased latency to reach the hidden platform in spatial memory test and secondary latency in passive avoidance memory test and immobility time in the forced swimming test compared to scopolamine group (P < 0.05). This compound, at the dose of 20 mg/kg, showed a significant increase in the number of crossing and standing on two legs in open field test (P < 0.05). Furthermore, harmalol treatment decreased brain malondialdehyde and nitric oxide  levels, enhanced the total antioxidant capacity, and also increased the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)  in the hippocampus (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion

    The present study emphasizes that harmalol improves scopolamine-induced memory loss by modulating acetylcholinesterase activity and increasing BDNF in the hippocampus of  mice. Therefore, harmalol may be a promising therapeutic drug to prevent amnesia and cognitive deficits associated with aging or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimerchr('39')s.

    Keywords: Scopolamine, Harmalol, Memory deficits, Mice
  • Fatemeh Sadeghi Eshtehardi, Maghsoud Peeri*, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Pages 13-22
    Introduction

    Adipose tissue plays an important role in increasing systemic inflammation and exercise training result in modulating inflammation by decreasing adipose tissue. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks circuit resistance training with 40, 60 and 80 percent of one-repetition maximum (1RM) on the levels of IL-10, IL-1β and body fat percent in obese postmenopausal women.

    Materials and Methods

    Forty four  postmenopausal women (average age of 56.07 ± 3.18 years old) randomly divided into four group (each group 11 subjects) including the control and circuit resistance training with 40 (RT40), 60 (RT60) and 80 (RT80) percentage of 1RM. Exercise training program was conducted for 12 weeks and three session per week. Blood samples collected before and after the exercise training period. The ELISA method was used to measure the levels of IL-10 and IL-1β and data analysis performed with Graphpad Prism software.

    Results

    IL-10 levels in trained groups compared to control group indicated significant increase (P < 0.05), in which the increase in RT60 (P = 0.014) and RT80 (P < 0.001) groups were also significant compared to the RT40 group. In addition, significant decrease of IL-1β in RT40 (P = 0.003), RT60 (P < 0.001) and RT80 (P < 0.001) groups compared to control group were observed, as such, IL-1β decrease in RT80 group compared to RT40 (P < 0.001) and RT60 (P = 0.001) group was also significant. Moreover, different intensity circuit resistance training was associated with decrease in percent body fat (P < 0.05), which further decreases reported in the RT60 and RT80 groups.

    Conclusion

    Despite the anti-inflammatory effects of different intensities of circuit resistance training, the higher intensity of exercise training can be associated with greater effectiveness in reducing inflammation and strengthening the anti-inflammatory pathways.

    Keywords: Menopause, Circuit resistance training, Inflammation, Obesity, IL-10, IL-1β
  • Maryam Vaezi, Parichehreh Yaghmaei*, Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi, Nasim Hayati-Roodbari, Shiva Irani Pages 23-31
    Introduction

    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) expression. Nitrochalcone is effective ingredient of chalcones with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-hyperglycemic properties. This study examined the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) administration of nitrochalcone in a mouse model with non-alcoholic steatosis.

    Materials and Methods

    In this study, 94 male NMRI mice were assigned to control and experimental groups. The Normal control group (NC) was given normal rodent diet The experimental group was subjected to high fat diet for 4 weeks, which induced NAFLD, then the experimental group was divided in to 5 in vivo subgroups (n=12 in each), High fat (HF) Sham (receiving grapes seed oil), Positive control groups (C+: receiving silymarin (80mg/kg) by intra peritoneal injection (IP)) and Experimental Nitrochalcone groups (EN1, EN2, EN3) receiving nitro chalcone (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) by IP during 4 weeks. Protective groups received high-fat diet and Nitrochalcone 20 mg/kg simultaneously for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatments, biochemical parameters, liver enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and expression of PPAR-α were determined.

    Results

    The serum levels of some biochemical parameters such as cholesterol glucose, liver enzymes, and insulin significantly increased in the HF group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). Nitrochalcone (20 mg/ kg) decreased liver enzymes levels as compared with the HF and Sham group (P < 0.001). The highest percentage of increase in PPARα gene expression was observed in EN3 group, as compared with the controls.

    Conclusion

    HF diet caused steatohepatitis through insulin resistance, impaired lipid profile, increased glucose and liver enzyme levels. Furthermore, the diet decreased antioxidants, adiponectin, leptin and PPARα levels, and made fibrosis in the liver. Nitrochalcone improved this condition in a dose-dependent manner, and resulted in elevated PPARα expression.

    Keywords: NAFLD, NMRI mice, Nitrochalcone, PPAR-α
  • Majid Zare-Bidaki, Elaheh Allahyari, Fatemeh Nikoomanesh*, Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh Pages 32-41
    Introduction

    This research was a retrospective study on the prevalence of nosocomial infections (NIs) and the associated risk factors among the patients admitted to the surgery and internal Intensive Care Units (ICU).

    Materials and Methods

    This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on patients admitted to ICUs over one year. Clinical data of patients, including demographic information, length of stay, underlining disease, the rate of patients with NIs and distribution of NIs sites and pathogens were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were run to determine the factors associated with NIs.

    Results

    Collectively, 1018 patients were studied, including patients admitted to surgical ICU (n = 665) and internal ICU (n = 353). The incidence rate of NI in the surgical and internal ICUs was 67 (10.1%) and 96 (27.2%), respectively. The most NIs in the internal ICU were respiratory tract infections (RTI, 46.9%) and urinary tract infections (UTI, 37.5%), while the common infections in the surgical ICU were respiratory tract infections (RTI, 38.3%) and surgical-site infections (SSI, 22.0%), respectively. The major risk factors, length of stay and use of nasogastric intubation (NG tubes), were associated with NIs in both ICUs.

    Conclusion

    Our results indicated that the incidence of infections in the internal ICU was more than the surgical ICU. Age, underlying diseases, the long stay, and use of ventilator and NG tube were of factors associated with NIs rate in internal ICU.

    Keywords: Nosocomial Infections, Risk factors, Intensive care units, Medical devices
  • Ali Hoseleh, Ali Yaghoubi*, Amir Shariar Aryamanesh, Najme Rezaeian Pages 42-49
    Introduction

     To the best of our knowledge, there is no study to examine the effect of a combination of resistance training and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on muscle hypertrophy factors in injured athletes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EMS on serum levels of some molecular markers of muscle hypertrophy in male athletes after anterior cruciate ligament surgery.

    Materials and Methods

    For the study, 20 volunteer men were randomly divided into 2 groups (10 people in each group), the EMS-resistance training and control groups. Subjects in both groups performed 2-4 sets of lower body resistance training movements with an intensity of 30-70% of ten repetitions maximum for 12 weeks. The subjects in the EMS-resistance group performed exercise movements combined with electrical stimulation at 35-70 Hz. Blood samples were collected from all subjects before and 48 hours after the last training session and used to measure the levels of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), visfatin, and nitric oxide (NO). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and paired sample t-test.

    Results

    The results showed that 12 weeks of EMS training significantly increased serum levels of SIRT1 (P < 0.001), visfatin (P = 0.02), and NO (P = 0.01) in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Significant differences were observed between the EMS and control groups in SIRT1 (P < 0.001) and NO (P = 0.021) levels. In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups in serum visfatin level (P = 0.098).

    Conclusion

    The findings suggest that EMS in combination with resistance training could be a good alternative to traditional resistance training to stimulate factors related to muscle protein synthesis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

    Keywords: Electrical muscle stimulation, Visfatin, Nitric oxide, Anterior cruciate ligament injury
  • Mozhgan Ahmadi Pages 50-59
    Introduction

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on nesfatin, irisin and resistin and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 1-alpha (PGC-1α) gene in Wistar rats.

    Materials and Methods

    In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats (weight 300-250 g) were selected and randomly assigned into three groups: baseline control, eight-week control and HIIT training. The experimental group performed training protocol 4 days a week during 8 weeks, while the control group had no training program. To measure the levels of serum irisin, nesfatin, and resistin, the immunoassay method was used. Additionally, the real-time PCR method was applied to evaluate the relative PGC-1α mRNA level in soleus muscle. Independent T-test was used to analyze the data.

    Results

    The results suggested that there was no significant difference between the concentration of nesfatin, irisin and resistin in the baseline control group compared to the eight-week control group (P > 0.05). HIIT increased the concentrations of nesfatin-1 and irisin (P = 0.0001), and significantly decreased resistin (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, eight weeks of HIIT significantly increased the PGC-1α mRNA (P = 0.0001).

    Conclusion

    According to the findings of the study, HIIT would possibly help to improve the levels of the factors, nesfatin, irisin, resistin and PGC-1α which involved in the energy balance homoeostasis.

    Keywords: High-intensity interval training, Nesfatin, Irisin, Resistin, PGC-1α, Rats
  • Shila Montazer, Mandana Gholami, MohammadAli Azarbayjani, Hossein Abed Natanzi Pages 60-70
    Introduction

    Exercise training and omega 3 supplements play an important role in modulating the levels of oxidative and inflammatory mediators. The present study conducted aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic training and omega-3 supplementation on the levels of oxidative (MDA) and inflammatory (CRP) mediators and lipid profile in overweight and obese women.

    Materials and Methods

    The 40 overweight and obese women (BMI = 29.1 ± 6.9 kg/m2) randomly assigned to four groups (10 subjects in each group) including placebo (C), omega-3 (S), training (T) and training + omega 3 (ST) groups. Aerobic training program was performed with 50-70 percent of maximum heart rate for eight weeks/three sessions per week. Daily 2000 mg omega 3 supplement were also consumed by S and ST groups. The MDA, CRP and lipid profile levels were measured and data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24).

    Results

    Significant decrease in CRP levels in S (P = 0.014), T (P = 0.030) and ST (P < 0.001) groups compared to C group, and significant decrease in MDA levels in T and ST groups compared to C and S groups were observed (P < 0.05). In addition, lipid profile indicated a significant improvement in T and ST groups (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion

    Despite the aerobic training and training + omega-3 supplement effects in decreasing levels of CRP, MDA and lipid profile improvement, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. It seems that, eight weeks omega-3 ingestion along with aerobic training don’t exert a synergistic effect.

    Keywords: Aerobic training, Inflammation, Oxidative stress, Omega-3
  • Mohaddeseh Mehrparvar, Mozhgan Faezi, Ferial Taleghani, Nahid Rejeh, Ramin Ghafari, Roghayeh Hojati Pages 71-78
    Introduction

    Medical staffs are important and accessible source for gathering health information such as oral health. As a result, their increased Knowledge can lead to improvement of their own and their patients' health habits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Oral Hygiene Index simplified (OHI-S) and its relationship with attitudes toward oral health behaviors of medical science students.

    Materials and Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, the Persian version of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI) and OHI-S evaluation were used. The questionnaire was completed by 118 medical Science students of Shahed University in 2018 and then the teeth were examined. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data.

    Results

    Dental students with an average score of 6.06 had the highest average compared to other fields (P < 0.05). Average scored of clinical dental students higher than preclinical students. According to the results, people with a more favorable OHI-S are less bothered by the color of their gums and spend more time examining their teeth in the mirror.

    Conclusion

    Compared to other fields, dental students had better attitudes toward oral health and scored higher. Better oral health-related behaviors were observed in this group. Oral health education should be emphasized for other disciplines.

    Keywords: HU-DBI, OHI-S, Oral health, Student