نشریه پژوهش های ادبی و بلاغی
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 30، بهار 1399)

In addition to brevity and equality, etiquette is one of the three methods of expression that has been discussed in semantics. As we know, this method of expression has two types of art and melody. Artistic rhetoric, unlike national rhetoric, which reduces the value of literary work, is in fact one of the most important and effective rhetoric techniques through which poets give literary and poetic effects to their works. Rhetoric, like other rhetorical tricks, has an implicit meaning. The main point of the article is that despite what is stated in the books of meanings, the "implicit meaning of the word" is different from the "methods of the word" and what makes the word beautiful and effective on the reader is not the way of expressing it; Rather, it has an implicit meaning. The author, who believes that the principles of semantics should be inferred from the masterpieces of literature, to explain this issue, has studied its style and implicit meaning in the third book of Masnavi using a descriptive-analytical method and has come to the conclusion that all cases Atanab in this book have an implicit meaning and this implicit meaning, which is the reason for the artistic nature of Rumi's Atnab, has been very effective in influencing the stories of Masnavi, and the frequency of this rhetorical technique is such that it is one of Rumi's stylistic features in Masnavi.

The sadness caused by the desire for a particular land that man longs to reach is a manifestation of nostalgia, by this description, sadness is a general experience in which the Palestinians lived and touched its suffering. Mohammed Qaisi, too, as a Palestinian modern poet, was deeply interested in his homeland and wished to return to his land. His poetic style is full of love and passion for the home. This study examines the nostalgia in Al-Qaysi’s poetry and examines the elements of nostalgia and sadness on his poetry. This descriptive-analytical study concludes that the occupation of Palestine and the displacement of Palestinians, remoteness from childhood and its remembrance, etc. are among the factors that caused sadness in Al-Qassi’s personal life. On the other hand, the main axioms of nostalgia in his poems are: sadness of homage and excessive tendency to return home, death in exile, seeking refuge in the city, and mythmaking.

Bitter Thinking is a word that means thinking bitterly. In this sense, we are confronted with thought; an idea that ends with an attitude. An attitude that stems from bitter thinking is bitter and black. This attitude is a gloomy speck that sees everything bitter and negative. And it's likely that darkness is darker and worse than what it is. Predictability is likely to have a personal or social background. Mehdi Akhavan Sales is one of the pessimistic poets of the contemporary era. In this research, while investigating the darkness in the poet's poetry, the poignant themes in his poems were analyzed. Based on this review, The cynicism of the Brotherhood originated primarily from his personal background and his personal life. Akhavan Sales after 1332, Influenced by this social and political failure, Has become socially pessimistic Which ultimately ends up in philosophical disappointment. Feeling loneliness, feeling alert and nostalgic, moradity and humor Loneliness is the most important pessimism in the poetry of the Brotherhood.

The music of the poem is a fascinating element of the orderly texts, which are prominent in Sana'i's sonnets and have become remarkably phonetic. Sana'i has increased his sonnets through the use of quantitative equilibrium and the use of different weights, multipliers, and rhythms. With the help of various weights, he gives a special attraction to the sonnet, so that the most frequencies can be found in the all-weights. In the application of qualitative phonetic balance, Sanai repeats a variety of repetitions and, by repeating different types of vowels and vowels in Persian, has attempted to beautify his sonnets so that his use of the long vowel "A" is of high frequency, so that it corresponds to the vowel "A". Has used vocabulary at the beginning, middle and end of the vocabulary, and has used the least amount of vowels in the short vowel "e". By using vowel repetition and consonants at the beginning and end of the vocabulary, he gives a poetic tone to his poetry that this poet's use of repetition in mid-verses is more evident. Thus, it can be said that Sana'i has used certain kinds of balance with respect to different consonants and has given certain music to his sonnets which can be studied in different contexts. This research is a descriptive-analytic one which first identifies the phonetic equilibrium topics in the Sana'i sonnets, then analyzing each one and determining the frequency of each in the form of graphs.

Lullabies are part of the popular, enduring, ancient Iranian folk songs that have their roots in the distant past. Despite the breadth of culture and literature of the Bakhtaran people as one of the Iranian tribes, which is in fact a reflection of their past and present good traditions, it is important to pay attention to it and study different species of this culture, which is less important so far. Has been reviewed. Due to the antiquity of the theme of lullabies and the proximity of the poet to nature, the nature around Bakhtaran region is more used and similar elements, nature around such as mountains, plains, rivers, trees, flowers and plants, which are tangible and natural elements, are.In the present study, simile, metaphor and irony have been studied as the most important elements of imagination in Bakhtaran lullabies. Studies have shown that 69 percent of metaphors are 19 percent metaphorical and 12 percent metaphorical. Has it.

The position and trait of Persian alphabetical letters in terms of shape, superficial and literary attitude, and their role in creating religious, literary, and theosophical syntaxes, interpretations, and themes has motivated the poets and writers of all ages to create the themes with them. According to this, original themes, poetic areas, fine and delicate syntaxes and interpretations made from Persian alphabetical letters beside other literary and artistic themes have found a special position in the field of Persian literature from a long time ago. Like mystical poets such as Sanaie and Molavi, Attar Neyshabouri payed a special attention to alphabetical letters and their literary and artistic structures for explaining their religious and theosophical thoughts. In this article, we not only have studied the position and trait of Persian alphabetical letters in terms of shape and superficial and literary attitude, but also we have examined their role in creating the religious, theosophical, and literary syntaxes, interpretations, and themes of Attar Neyshabouri's works (Divan Ashar (the complete works of poems), Manteghotteir, Tazkeratololiya)., Attar Neyshabouri has expressed his special theosophical and religious issues with delicate literary interpretations and themes. Attar Neyshabpuri has used almost all of the alphabetical letters in this context, but the range of the application of letter "Alef" is more than other letters. After letter "Alef", the poet has payed attention to some letters like "Ein", "Kaf" and "Noon" due to their unique trait in creating the literary, religious, and theosophical themes more than other alphabetical letters.