پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات
سال سی و ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 106، تابستان 1400)

Because of the very rapid growth of knowledge in both meaning and volume, knowledge management is a necessity, and not doing it reduces usefulness. This applies to all sciences, including architecture. One of the signs of the rapid growth of architectural knowledge in the last decade is the increase of software with various functions to solve architectural problems which shows the increase in data volume and the multi-factor nature of design processes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to achieve a theoretical model and provide a proposal for the implementation of knowledge management using artificial intelligence in the architectural design process. This paper uses a qualitative method that is the basis of conceptual models of the knowledge discovery data (KDD) process and is an exploratory study to highlight the functions associated with applying the knowgedge management (KM) process in architecture. The result of this research is to present a simulated model of knowledge management in architecture and modeling of the process of building an automated design intelligence. According to the obtained results, the introduction of artificial intelligence to design the facade of buildings, can provide the process of data management, information and knowledge in architecture to achieve multifactorial design.

In recent years, the use of informal writing in Persian has grown significantly due to the increasing expansion of cyberspace and social media and platforms, and the tendency of users to bring the written language closer to colloquial speech. But on the other hand, proper tools to process this language register are not developed very much. One of the tools for low level processing of textual data is an inflectional analyzer. However, such tools are not developed for this register yet. Informal words have their own structures, stems, morphemes and clitics and they also make use of formal structures and units. Moreover, this register also consists of formal words so any analyzer for informal words should have the potential to analyze formal words, too. In this paper, it is tried to cover all inflectional structures of informal Persian language to build an inflectional analyzer. A corpus of most of its known sub-registers is constructed to extract words, morphemes and inflectional rules and morphotactics. A part of this corpus is used for testing the analyzer. After extracting 1786 unique words of the test part, inflectional analyzer f-measure is equal to 97.67%. This tool can be used in computational processing of Persian language and it can also be used in teaching Persian, specifically colloquial Persian to non-Persian learners.

Academic websites are one of the most important criteria to measure university websites worldwide. In this paper a model based on multi-criteria decision-making for measuring university website’s evaluation indicators is introduced. The proposed model has six main dimensions including “usability”, “content”, “functionality”, “student services”, “efficiency” and “reliability” along with fourteen indicators including “understandability”, “coverage”, “accuracy”, “clarity”, “university identity”, “educational information”, “navigability”, “student-centeredness”, “control”, “student web-based support”, “maintenance”, “accessibility”, “speed” and “link error”. In the next step, due to the inherent ambiguity in these concepts of indicators, a combination of fuzzy set method with the VIKOR ranking method has been used to weigh and rank indicators and metrics. In VIKOR method, an attempt is made to select the closest answer to the ideal option. Finally, a detailed evaluation model has been developed to measure academic websites’ quality. Then, by applying the proposed model on the website of top ten universities in Iran, the results are reviewed. According to these results, the “accuracy” index is the most important, and the “link error” indicator is the least important among all indicators. These results also show that there is no significant correlation between “fuzzy-VIKOR” method, “webometrics” method, and “web assessment index” method. The results of this study help university website designers become aware of weaknesses of web designs and use it to strengthen academic websites.

Nowadays the volume of information is exponentially increasing, and users have many options to access the information they need. Thus, the dissemination of information on the web needs to be done more carefully and based on specific principles. If organizations want to satisfy their websites’ users, they have to understand the needs and behaviors of users, and have a clear understanding of their business goals and the type of content they intend to present on the web. To this end, information elements must be properly organized and labeled so that they can be easily accessible and understandable by users. Such challenges are the subject of information architecture as a field of practice and research.The role of information architecture in the applicability of information environments on the one hand and the organizations’ and businesses’ needs to create information platforms for purposeful and productive interaction with their audiences and users and to serve them on the other hand, highlight the importance of applying the information architecture principles in organizations. In this regard, we first introduce and explain the different components of the information architecture system. Then, we propose a framework for evaluating information architecture for websites as the main platform for interacting with users using library research and expert panel.The proposed framework considers the information architecture system in a larger space called the information environment. The information environment consists of three components: context, content, and user. The user seeks to exploit the content, and the content generates value for the context of the information environment that represents the organization and its business. On the other hand, the context seeks to improve the content, and the content is also effective in attracting users. By recognizing each of these components and paying attention to their relationships, the needs of the information environment are identified and integrated into the information architecture system. The information architecture system consists of four subsystems namely, organization, labeling, navigation, and search systems that interact and contribute to each other. The organization system defines the information structure and classification in a website. The labeling system describes the information sorted by the organization system with the help of labels. The navigation system helps the user navigate the site and access the content and information they need. The search system refers to the search bar and its features on a web site. To evaluate each of the information architecture subsystems within the proposed framework, a checklist is provided, which is obtained by consensus of experts. Finally, the assessor can evaluate the information architecture of the website by identifying the components of the information environment and using these checklists.

This research aims to study the dimensions of implementation of data governance strategies in planning in order to provide information services of libraries of Islamic Azad University.The research is an analytical-survey study. The statistical population includes central libraries of Islamic Azad University’s branches in provincial centers (35 branches), their managers and librarians (155 individuals).The research findings revealed that librarians’ attitude toward seven components of providing information services in central libraries of Islamic Azad University including data quality, data usage, data standard, data security and data modeling do not have significant relationship with their educational level, academic major, and work experience while the component of data usage and data standard in educational level showed a significant relationship. Results of the study also showed that average feasibility for implementation of data governance strategies in providing information services was higher than that of average population. In addition, librarians evaluate feasibility for implementation of data governance strategies in data organization in central libraries of Islamic Azad University to be desirable which is higher than average level. Accordingly, the highest to lowest scores for the components include data usage, data process, data quality, data integrity, data security, data modeling and standard in service delivery. The results also show that libraries can largely implement these strategies.The impact of data governance on the organization of information resources leads to proper planning in academic libraries.

Increasing demand for energy, pollution from fossil energy consumption and global warming are the key factors that have made optimal energy management necessary. The advent of information technology has led to the emergence of a new paradigm called the Internet of Energy (IOE). IOE is a new concept that provides the tools needed for optimal energy management. IOE has expanded dramatically with the advent of the Internet of Things (IOTs). So that the Internet of Energy moves towards energy management by integrating the features of smart grids and the Internet of Things. The present study is an applied research that aimed at conceptualizing of the Internet of Energy. In order to achieve the research objectives, a series of indicators of IOE were identified according to the previous studies and interviews with experts. The pattern of causal relations of these indices has been identified by the FUZZY DEMATEL technique. Then, these factors have been analyzed by Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique, and finally, the relationship and sequence of the indices have been obtained. Among the indicators, existence of powerful internet servers in the country, equipping consumable equipment with internet and online monitoring of each person’s energy consumption are at the first level of the research model and the most basic variables in applying the concept of IOE. All of these elements ultimately depend on the availability of financial resources and the determination to apply IOE at the macro level. The insight that this model provides to the energy management at the macro level can be helpful in strategic planning for energy production, conversion, transmission, distribution and consumption in the country.

Ranking algorithms, as the core of web search systems, are responsible for finding and ranking the most relevant documents to user information needs from the crawled and indexed corpus. With the ever-increasing amount of available training data, ranking technologies are moving towards using Machine Learning methods, described as Learning to Rank algorithms. The basic Learning to Rank systems mainly have used textual features while ignoring semantic features. With the advent of Semantic Web, there is an emerging interest in developing and using semantic features for Learning to Rank systems. An important challenge is that there is currently no comprehensive study on the combined usage of textual and semantic features for Learning to Rank systems. In this paper, first, we define and implement four new sets of semantic features based on Knowledge Graph, Entity Repetition, Textual Fields and Vector Representation of Words and Texts. For experimental analysis, we used the MQ-2007 dataset from LETOR 4, which includes a set of textual features. The results of running six standard Learning to Rank Algorithms show that by using semantic features, either in isolation or in combination with textual features, significantly increases the performance. The increase in performance is even more significant when we limit the tests to hard queries. We also implemented an existing Feature Selection algorithm to test whether it can improve the results even further. The results showed improvements for some Learning to Rank algorithms, yet failed to improve on others.

This research aims to identify the relations between the combination levels in concepts structure with the amount of semantic relations through applying quantitative evaluation. Research hypotheses emphasize that there is a significant relations between the level of combination in the structure of concepts and the number of their semantic relationships. The results of the research background showed that there is no investigation on the relations between structure of concepts with different number of words in their structure and the semantic relations to increase IR performance. Research data are extracted from VocBench as an authoritative agricultural ontology, produced by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations. The size of the research population is 40,000 agricultural concepts. The sample size is 1,500 concepts selected through stratified random sampling. The analysis of the combination levels of concepts structure has been applied using Excel and SPSS software to operate Proportional Analysis and Frequency Analysis. The relations between concepts structure and semantic relations have been adapted inferential statistics, especially Compare Mean Analysis and Pearson Correlation method using SPSS software reports. The research results show that the results of Factoring Ratio is equal 0.58 between one and two-word concepts, meaning that simple concepts comprise of the dominant domain in ontology. The amount of two-word concepts includes 38.7% of the total concepts. The number of two-word concepts causes decrease of simplicity in concept structure. The average of semantic relations input and output in simple concepts is equal to 6.70 or 7. There is a significant inverse relations between the combination level in concepts structure and the number of taxonomic relations (p-value = 0.000, N = 1500 and r = -0.98) and the number of non-taxonomic relations (p-value = 0.035, N = 1500 and r= -0.54) based on Pearson correlation. It means that an increase in the number of words in concepts structure results in decreasing the number of semantic relations. The results showed that reducing the level of composition in the structure of concepts increases the semantic relations which results in increasing recall and precision in IR performance as well as increasing the integration of the conceptual relations network in ontology. The research results can be used in developing and evaluating the structure of knowledge organization systems (KOSs) such as thesauri regarding structural analysis in IR performance as well as in constructing agricultural ontology of Iran.

This study tries to evaluate the experimental behavior of graduate students of Ilam University when using mobile electronic devices (mobile phones, tablets and laptops) based on the protection motivation theory of data breach. This research is of applied-survey type. The statistical population of research includes graduate students of Ilam University. Data collection tool was based on the questionnaires introduced by Boss et al., Woon et al., Claar and Johnson, Johnson and Warkentin, and Posey et al. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was used to fit the model and test the hypotheses of research in AMOS software using partial least squares method. Results indicated that there is a positive relationship between the perceived threat sensitivity, response effectiveness, self-efficacy and the possibility of using the security of mobile electronic devices with the protection motivation. In addition, the findings showed that there is not a meaningful relationship between the perceived threat intensity and the motivation of protecting the mobile electronic devices. There is a negative (indirect) relationship between the perceived response cost and the protection motivation. Generally, this study emphasized that the confrontational assessment process is a more important factor than the threat assessment process in increasing users’ protection motivation.

Metadata extraction facilitates the process of indexing and improves information retrieval. Also automation of this process increases efficiency more than manual extraction. The example of the thesis metadata are names of students, professors, title, field, degree, abstract, keywords, etc. In this paper the aim is automatic boundary detection of metadata from the main body in Persian theses. Therefore, 250 theses collected from IRANDOC system. Features were extracted from paragraphs of each thesis then paragraphs were classified using support vector machine into 2 classes: metadata and body. In this study, Bat algorithm is used to set the parameter of SVM. The result reveals that the proposed method predicts type of paragraphs with 96.6 percent accuracy.

Concerning the importance & necessity of using OCR programs in library and information centers, this research aims at evaluating the new Persian OCR programs (Sakhr and Google). Analytical exploratory research method is used and data are gathered in a practical way through purposive observing the cases. Checklist is used as the gathering tools. Results of the study show some good and bad specifications in both programs. The outcome part of the Google program is acceptable with fewer errors but in other outcome module characteristics such as word recognition, Sakhr program did better. Due to the availability of “Google” software only through the Internet and the possibility of uploading only 20 pages at a time, there are usage restrictions for the user.

Provide learning content in a pictorial thesaurus format to increase learning in students is the hypothesis that in this article was studied. This study showed that: 1) we can provide learning content in a thesaurus format, and 2) This format can be effective as an educational media in science education that leads to increase learning in students.  In this study, as a case study, the first year of high school chemistry book was selected. Then all the concepts and issues in this book was presented in the form of a pictorial thesaurus. Then by two statistical methods (test and survey), comments and scores of the test and control groups in some of Tehran schools were measured. The results of field activities confirm the hypothesis of increased learning due to the pictorial thesaurus. Thesaurus format benefits include concision, looking from above to the subject, reminded subjects taught before, classification and organization of educational content, ease of intuition of concepts, quick access to desired content, virtual education and distance learning.