مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 56، تابستان 1400)

Clinical trials are a common type of medical research that has grown in number over the past decade. Intervention studies or trials are the most authoritative type of epidemiological studies and provide the strongest evidence of causation and effect relationships between phenomena. Despite the usefulness of many of these studies, potential bias can distort the results of the study. Therefore, in this study, we investigated a summary of the types of clinical trials studies, design and possible biases.

Wound healing and care caused by burns, diabetes, traumatic injury as well as surgery.

The patient is an 18-year-old man with a complaint of injury to the last finger ring of the left hand and active bleeding from the site of the injury following work in a carpentry workshop, referred to the emergency department of Marvdasht Hospital. After referring to an orthopedic specialist and suggesting tissue repair in the operating room by the doctor, this patient refuses to continue treatment and tries to repair the damaged tissue by traditional methods. The compounds used by a person who masters the rules of traditional Iranian medicine are known as a comprehensive elixir and include a combination of saffron and honey to reduce infection, and a combination of cardamom, white fennel and ginger for healing and a combination of white pepper as a painkiller.

The results of this study showed that the combination of herbs with a comprehensive elixir could heal the injury. Such wounds require the use of antibiotics due to the risk of osteomyelitis. Therefore, topical application of this herbal compound has shown both antibiotic and restorative properties.

Pain after surgery is an unpleasant experience. This process causes physiological disorders in all systems of the body.

In this randomized double-blind clinical trial study, 60 patients with anesthesia class I and II underwent upper limb orthopedic surgery. Patients were randomly divided into intravenous and control ibuprofen. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate before surgery, 1, 10 and 20 minutes after surgery were recorded. Pain was measured before, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery.

Ibuprofen and control groups were similar in terms of gender, age, BMI and ASA. The results of Chi-square test showed that in recovery and 6 and 12 hours after surgery, pain in patients in the ibuprofen group was significantly less than the control group (P <0.05). Also, the intragroup pain trend was significant in ibuprofen and control groups (P <0.05). Mean pain in ibuprofen group decreased more than control (P <0.001).

The results of the present study showed that intravenous ibuprofen is better in controlling pain intensity and drug use than the control group. Ibuprofen seems to be very effective in controlling pain and postoperative drug use in orthopedic surgeries.

Studies have shown that Kelussia lowers low-density lipoprotein levels. Due to the increasing number of patients with fatty liver in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Kelussia extract on the expression of SREBP-1C gene in obese mice with fatty liver.

In the present study, 24 rats were divided into four groups: control, negative control, treatment and the second treatment. The two treatment groups received 400 and 800 ml/kg Kelussia extract by gavage, respectively. Rats were anesthetized with chloroform and after dissection, rat liver tissue was collected. Then RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed. Finally, SREBP-1C gene expression was performed using RT-PCR Real time technique and relevant analyzes were performed.

In the present study, the results showed that Kelussia extract at a dose of 800 mg/kg could further reduce the expression of SREBP-1C gene than a dose of 400 mg/kg in rats with fatty liver. It is statistically significant compared to the patient group (p <0.05). The results of biochemical tests confirm liver improvement in treated rats at a dose of 800 mg/kg.
Discussion and

It seems that Kelussia extract reduces the expression of SREBP-1C gene due to its orange flavonoid, which plays an important role in the biogenesis of cholesterol, fatty acids and triglycerides. If approved in larger studies, it can be considered as a therapeutic target in fatty liver disease.

Drugs and supplements containing ephedra extract have been always noticed by researchers as a plant known for weight loss and control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ephedra hydroalcoholic extract on serum adiponectin level and body weight in male rats.

In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 5 equal groups including: control (without receiving any substances), sham (receiving 1 mL of distilled water), experimental group 1 (recipient of 250 mg/kg ephedra hydroalcoholic extract), experimental group 2 (recipient of 500 mg/kg ephedra hydroalcoholic extract) and experimental group 3 (recipient of 1000 mg/kg ephedra hydroalcoholic extract). In the experimental groups, the extract was administered by gavage for 28 days. On the 29th day, blood samples were taken from the rats to check the serum levels of the hormone adiponectin. Body weight of rats was also measured daily during the experimental period. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS software and Duncan test.

Doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg of ephedra hydroalcoholic extract caused a significant increase in serum levels of adiponectin and also a decrease in body weight compared to the control and sham groups (p≤0.05).

Ephedra hydroalcoholic extract reduces body weight by increasing serum levels of the hormone adiponectin.
Keywords: Ephedra, adiponectin, body weight, rat

This study aimed to determine the causes of sudden dyspnea in pregnant women referred to the hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019 and to investigate the relationship between these causes and dimer changes in these patients.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 50 pregnant women with sudden dyspnea complaints were referred to the internal ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in the Urmia and Kosar ward of Motahhari Hospital in Urmia 2018-2019 were included in the study. Information about D-dimer changes and other paraclinical findings were entered into unique forms, and the results were analyzed after entering SPSS software.

In this study, between 50 pregnant women, 20 women had positive D-dimer, of which 16 had positive D-dimer with a known pathological cause, and only 4 had high D-dimer without any clinical or paraclinical findings. Of the thirty patients with negative D- dimer, none had a detectable pathological disease. Chi-Square test (showed a positive and significant relationship between D-dimer and pathological events during pregnancy) p <0.0001 (

The results obtained in patientschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) treatment process in this study indicate that the increase in D-dimer during pregnancy is due to thromboembolic events or other pathological changes and disorders.

HIV infection has spread over the last 30 years and is undoubtedly the major public health challenge in worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological status of HIV/AIDS infected under the Covered of the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during 1994 to 2020.

In this descriptive study, 3710 people living with HIV/AIDS in Fars province, covered by the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were selected as a sample by census method. The source of data collection was the national behavioral disease counseling software. Data analyzed by Fisher test, Chi square test and ANOVA test using SPSS19 statistic software.

78.32% of the infected were men. The mean and standard deviation age of infected was 44.61± 10.36 and the highest age group was 35-44 years old, 1488 people (40.1%). In terms of marital status, 1338 single people (36.06%) were the most and dead spouses were 229 (6.48%) were the lowest. The highest route of transmission injected drug abuse 2383 cases (64.2%) and the lowest was 71 cases (1.9%) from mother to child. Compared to the first and last high-risk behaviors, Heterosexual contact increased from 41.50 to 43.82% and only 5.37% used condoms continuously.

According to the findings, the transmission of the disease sexual contact is increasing. Therefore, designing and formulating effective control programs in the field of sexual behaviors is felt more than before.

Free –living Amoeba (FLA) are microorganisms that are abundant in the nature. Some genus of these protozoa are opportunistic and cause granulomatous encephalitis and lung infections in immunocompromised people such as cancer patients. Due to the little information about the status of infection of these parasites in the above patients, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of FLA in cancer patients in Kashan hospitals.

This cross-sectional study was performed on hundred oral cavity mucosal samples of cancer patients referred to Shahid Beheshti and Yathribi hospitals in Kashan during 2019 to 2020. The samples were cultured onto 1.5% Non-nutrient agar enriched with killed Escherichia coli and examined for the presence of FLA. The rate of contamination with free living amoebae and its relationship with demographic information of patients were analyzed by SPss. 16

Overall, the prevalence of free-living amoeba in oral cavity of cancer patients was 89%. Also, 92.6% of breast cancer and 90.9% of bowel cancer patients were positive for FLA, respectively. The highest rate of FLA contamination was observed in women over the age of 66 years. In addition, the highest rate was observed in 90.9% of illiterate people and the lowest in 76.9% of academics, but the difference was not significant.

The rate of free-living amoeba in oral cavity of cancer patients in Kashan were more than the study results of Iran and world. Therefore, health education about transmission and sanitation is recommended for prevention of infection.