فصلنامه راهبرد دفاعی
پیاپی 73 (بهار 1400)

Guaranteeing the accomplishment of the goals of productivity of the industrial organizations of the Ministry of Defense and Logistics of the Armed Forces requires a realistic measurement of productivity based on effective factors and criteria in this field. This study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors and criteria which influence the productivity of industrial organizations of the Defense Ministry. The statistical population in this study included the elites and specialists of the industrial organizations of the Defense Ministry who were selected through the stratified random sampling method. This study employed a descriptive-survey method and its data collection was done through desk and field studies using interviews with experts and specialists in the defense industry through the researcher-made questionnaire. Also, Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis techniques (techniques) were used to assess the reliability and construct validity of the questionnaire, respectively. In order to analyze the data, statistical methods such as "T Student" test and analysis of variance were used and Multi-criteria decision making was employed to determine and prioritize the weights of factors from the hierarchical analysis approach. The results showed that regarding the productivity of industrial organizations of the Defense Ministry, there were six affective factors: Capability building, focus on customer, timely provision of resources, monitoring (control) of the operation risk, conversion speed and price stabilization. Also, the three factors of capability building, focus on customer and conversion speed are the most effective ones and the other three factors, i.e. providing resources, monitoring (controlling) the risk of operations and stabilization of price, respectively, are the next priorities that play an significant role in the productivity of industrial organizations of the Defense Ministry.

War is a persistent global phenomenon. Obscurity, complexity and multidimensionality are the most important characteristics of the newest methods of warfare. Hybrid warfare refers to a wide range of tools in a homogeneous or heterogeneous manner that is used in this type of warfare, i.e. a non-linear battle. Therefore, a relentless alertness in front of the enemy is one of the necessities of an autonomous system which has numerous enemies. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the United States in a number of ways and through constructing a range of new apparatuses has embarked on hostility and hatred towards the holy system of the I.R. of Iran. Consequently, the main purpose of this paper was to answer the following question: "What are the components and tools of the US hybrid war against the I.R. of Iran?" Using the desk and fields methods of data collection with the determining means of these two methods and also using the descriptive-analytical method, this study tried to determine the components and tools of the US hybrid war against the I. R. of Iran. In this respect, two questionnaires were designed to determine their effectiveness (one for identifying the components and tools of hybrid warfare and its endorsement by the expert community and the other for designing and distributing the questionnaire among the sample population of 30 individuals who were selected purposefully by snowball method). Then, the statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Regarding the main and secondary questions of this study, the findings and results showed that 8 factors of psychological, informational, economic, diplomatic-political, cyber, regular military and Special Forces, and supporting the internal conflicts are considered as the most important components of hybrid warfare. In this respect, 53 tools of the mentioned components were determined, which were introduced to be used by the officials and those in charge and also for the purpose of resolute confrontation.

Nowadays, the countries around the globe are trying to take advantage of geopolitical factors to implement appropriate strategies according to their national interests. The Persian Gulf region and its neighboring countries is one of the most sensitive and strategic realms in the world, and it is of great importance due to its communication, geo-economic, geopolitical and geostrategic tenets. In this study, it had been tried to examine these factors through the lens of a natural geopolitical factor. This study was a developmental one and employed desk, documentary and field methods to collect data. Using descriptive-analytical and case-based methods after conducting theoretical and geopolitical environmental studies, attempts were made to identify these natural factors and to confirm and determine the role of their factors (in the form of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses). In this respect, the related questionnaires were designed and distributed among a statistical population of 40 participants and then the research questions were summarized and evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics analysis and SPSS software. Finally, 20 factors were extracted and introduced among which the factors of "Geographical and strategic location of the I.R. of Iran", "Dominance and control (control) of the Strait of Hormuz by the I.R. of Iran through the islands of Hormoz and Lark" and "Appropriate strategic depth of the I.R. of Iran" were categorized as the most significant natural geopolitical ones that influence the defense strategies of the I.R. of Iran in the region of Persian Gulf.

Indubitably, the application of knowledge concepts in organizational processes in this century has led to the growth and improvement of organizations and in this age of knowledge, knowledge-based defense organizations are regarded as the vital institutions to create stability and security. In these organizations, knowledge personnel are the most important factor in accomplishment of the organizational objectives. But the management of these employees per se has numerous challenges. The main purpose of this study was the identification of constituents of knowledge personnel management in knowledge-based organizations of the Armed Forces. In this applied research, after performing exploratory studies, using the Delphi method and three rounds of survey 22 constituents were extracted and examined. Data collection in this study was conducted using the semi-structured and structured questionnaires and they were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of study showed that, in general, four dimensions (recruitment and employment, improvement, maintenance and application) and eight components (recruitment of quality staff (committed and expert), implementation of the socialization process, development of scientific and professional abilities, expansion of cognitive abilities, performance management, service compensation system, effective leadership and self-governing groups) have been identified as the most important dimensions and components of knowledge management in knowledge-based organizations of the Army of the I. R. of Iran.

Promoting the regional power of the I. R. of Iran, located in one of the strategic geopolitical regions of the globe, is a necessity in order to pave the ground for the realization of the supreme goals of the system and the Islamic Revolution. Geopolitical factors are those elements of power that are regarded as important constituents in the acquisition and promotion of the power of countries. Regarding the scope of these components, the element of the military geopolitics of the power was studied to reach the aim of this study, i.e. "providing strategies to promote the regional power of the I. R. of Iran based on the role of Yemen's military geopolitical factors. This study was an applied one which employed a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was performed using desk and field methods (interview and questionnaire). The qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed through content analysis method with the help of "Maxqda" software and quantitative data analysis software, respectively. The validity and reliability of this instrument was calculated by content validity and "Cronbach's alpha", respectively. The statistical population included 45 participants and the sampling was a non-random method. Finally, regarding the research findings, strategies such as the development of military diplomacy and the promotion of joint military cooperation with Yemen, the development and strengthening of military support from Houthi Movement according to the environmental conditions, strengthening resilience and defense deterrence of the people, demonstration of the role of military power in acquiring the strategic achievements of the I. R. of Iran in the domestic, regional and international environments and realization of the consequences of the actions have been extracted.

Considering the nature of military threats, the results of recent wars in the West Asia, the growing improvement of military technologies, particularly the features of future air threats, including the US Air Force 2025 and 2035 plans, the necessity of paying scientific and careful attention to the air defense has been made inevitable. Meanwhile, advancement of the air defense combat capability in order to deal with these threats is of prime importance. Combat power is composed three physical, non-physical and superiority dimensions. Besides the undeniable role of non-physical and superiority dimensions in combat power, according to the researcher, the physical dimension also plays a significant role in the combat power of the Armed Forces, including air defense. The aim of this study was to identify and explain the most significant constituents and effective indicators of the physical dimension of promoting the combat capability of air defense to deal with future air threats. This applied-developmental study employed a mixed and case-contextual methodology to gather the data. At first, the future air threats affecting the air defense mission were considered and then the theories of combat power were taken into account. In comparative studies, the most significant components of air defense of six foreign countries were studied. In order to enrich the study further, a number of professionals in the field of air defense were interviewed. The result of this study is the explanation and identification of 6 components with 40 influential indicators regarding the physical dimension of promoting the combat power of air defense.