Social Determinants of Health
Volume:7 Issue: 1, 2021

Poor oral health status is more likely among socioeconomically disadvantaged women and low literacy due to poor oral hygiene. Onset of menopausal symptoms also triggers hormonal changes, adversely influencing oral health. The study objective was to determine the self-reported oral health status and self-care practices among perimenopausal women attendees of the medical outpatient department of a government hospital in Delhi, India

We conducted a cross-sectional study at a secondary care hospital among 136 women aged 40-59 years, having either perimenopause symptoms or with menopause. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the Hindi version of the WHO Steps Module on Oral Health. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Sixty-nine (51.2%) participants had not received any schooling. Oral health status was reported as average or poor by 61 (44.85%) and 59 (43.4) participants for their teeth and gums, respectively. Pain or discomfort in teeth was reported by 77 (56.6%) participants, along with chewing 66 (48.5%) and speech difficulties 21 (15.4%). Most participants 114 (83.8%) brushed their teeth only once a day, and rarely (3.7%) flossed. Participants with low education and a greaternumber of missing teeth were significantly more likely to report suboptimal dental health status.

A large proportion of mid-life socioeconomically vulnerable women in India report poor oral health and hygiene with self-perceived suboptimal teeth or gum status. Visually oriented information, education, and communication (IEC) campaigns for oral health promotion should be evaluated in public health facilities.

Prisons play an important role in the prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) in a region. This study aimed to determine the situation of TB in high-riskmale prisoners in Shiraz central prison of Fars province in southern Iran.

This cross-sectional study (June-October 2018) was conducted on male prisoners in Shiraz central prison, southern Iran. According to 4 criteria, the prisoners were determined as high-riskprisoners for TB, and para clinical tests included three sputum samples and chest radiograph were performed for them. Then, the high risk and low risk participants were comparedin terms of demographic characteristics and past medical history.

Among 2,995 prisoners, only 108 (3.6%) had at least one of the high-riskcriteria. Butafter performing further TB tests for these prisoners, no prisoners with TB disease werefound.The high-risk prisonerswere statistically older than low-risk prisoners (38.30±9.74 vs. 35.17±9.62, P=0.001).Also, the length of incarceration was statistically different in both groups (P=0.002), and drug abuse was more in high-riskgroup (P<0.001). Moreover, high risk prisoners used cigarettes/day more (14.87±11.55 vs. 9.71±9.09, P<0.001), but both groups werenot different in term of the marital status (P=0.519), educational level (P=0.662), job (P=0.39), and nationality (P=0.342).

Our results showed that none of the high-riskprisoners for TB had positive test. The length of incarceration, drug abuse, smoking, as well as age weremore in high-riskprisoners in comparing low risk group.

Immigration is one of the social determinants of health. It affects the mental health very seriously. The present study was aimed to investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anger rumination, hostile attribution bias, and aggression of immigrant children.

The present study was conducted through a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental method with a control group. It was done on a 24-subject sample of immigrant children selected by targeted sampling and randomly dividedinto two experimental and control groups. Measurement tools were the anger rumination scale, the hostile attribution scale, and Aggression Questionnaire of Buss and Perry. The experimental group then received acceptance and commitment therapy in eight 90-min sessions while the control group received no treatment. After holding the sessions, the experimental and control groups again completed the three questionnaires as post-test; and data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS software version 24.

In the posttest, acceptance and commitment therapy reduced the anger rumination, hostile attribution bias and aggression variables of immigrant children in the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.05).

It could be concluded that acceptance and commitment treatment is effective on anger rumination, hostile attribution bias, and aggression of immigrant children.

The aim of this study was to Estimating the tax capacity of goldsmiths versus physicians using the micro approach

The statistical sample included 384 selected gold dealers and physicians tax declaration since 2013 to 2019 in South Khorasan province. Finally, the main research hypotheses were tested in Eviews and SPSS software using a multivariate regression model using panel data method at a confidence level of 0.95.

The results of the present study showed that actual tax revenues were less than tax capacity value in public health area. Also, tax capacity of selected jobs had a significant role on provided services in the statistical population of physicians. There was a significant relationship between the tax capacity of South Khorasan Province and health services; as tax capacity increases, public health services will also increase. There was an inverse and significant relationship between financial revenue effort and emotional and mental performance of South Khorasan province and tax avoidance.

Tax avoidance would decrease as financial revenue effort increases and cause the hospital and publichealth service performance.

The Chronic tic disorder is a single tic or several sudden tics that continue several times a day for more than a year and it can be simple or complex. Children with tic disorder stigmatized and consider the judgment of others very much, which couldimpair their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)in improving the symptoms of children with chronic tic disorder.

This research wasa single case type A-B-A with multiple baseline design and follow-up. Thestudy population was10–13-year-oldboys with tic disorder who referred to Astan-e-Mehr Psychiatric Clinic in Mashhad in 2018-2019. Sampling was done through purposive sampling method in which three cases(one with simple and two with complex tic disrder) were selected using a clinical interview by a clinical psychologist. The subjects responded to the Global Tic Severity Scale in baseline situations, intervention sessions, and one month after the intervention. The CBTwas performed in 14 sessions. Data analysis was performed using trend chart method and the effect size.

The results of each subject showed a significant difference between the intervention position and baseline for three subjects with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) 100% for subject number one, 78% for subject number twoand 86% for subject number three. Also, in the follow-up situations, the performance of all subjects was maintained.,

the CBTcould beeffective in improving the symptoms of children with chronic ticdisorder.

one of the main issues in the social health is investigating the factors affecting the quality of life of people with depression. The main objective of the present study was providing the trainings to help in improving the mental health and quality of life in people with depression for the counselors and psychologists. This study examined the role of HEXACO personality dimensions in predicting the quality of life with depression.

The statistical population comprised all peoplewith depression referred to counseling centers in Tehran mental hospitals, 200 subjects were chosen using simple random sampling. The BDI, HEXACO personality inventory, emotion regulation questionnaire, and SF-36 questionnaire for quality of life were used. The collected data were analyzed based on Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression.

There was a positive and significant relationship between HEXACO personality dimensions and the quality of life in people suffering from depression. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that all personality dimensions and emotion regulation could significantly predict the quality of life. Therefore, there was a positive and significant correlation between personality dimensions and emotion regulation with the quality of life.

quality of life of people with depression can be predicted by emotion regulation and HEXACO personality factors.

The orientation of academic resilience is towards positive processes of life and psychological empowerment of students, so, academic resilience is a significant factor affects the tolerance of ambiguity and family cohesion in students, resulting in increased academic engagement. This study designed to assess the relationship between tolerance of ambiguity and family cohesion with academic engagement based on mediating role of academic resilience in female students in Ahvaz city.

This was a descriptive correlation study accomplished by path analysis. The study population comprised second-grade high-school female students in Ahvaz city in 2020. Using simple random sampling 216 of which were selected as the participants. The data gathering instrumentswere: the Schoolwork Engagement Inventory, the Tolerance for Ambiguity Scale, the Family Cohesion Scale, and the Academic Resilience Inventory.

Results revealed a good fit for the modified model (CFI=1.00, IFI=1.00, RMSEA=0.001). The results indicated that there was a significant direct relationship between family cohesion and academic engagement (β=0.365, P=0.001), and between tolerance of ambiguity and academic resilience (β=0.274, P=0.001). Moreover, there was a positive relationship between family cohesion and academic resilience (β=0.369, P=0.001), and between academic resilience and academic engagement (β=0.328, P=0.001). The results of indirect path analysis indicated that academic resilience had a mediating role in the relationship between tolerance of ambiguity and family cohesion with academic engagement.

The modified model had a good fitness, and is an important stage in recognizing the factors affecting the engagement and academic achievement of students.

Low economic prosperity is associated with worse health and health outcomes. Dramatic increases in prosperity have been associated with reductions in mortality rates.

We conducted a retrospective serial cross-sectional study of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older who were enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B each year, 2003–2015. We examined local economic conditions in 2000 and 2015 at the DartmouthAtlas-defined Hospital Service Area level. For quintiles of local economic distress in 2000, and for areas that experienced dramatic improvement or deterioration in local economic distress, we calculated per-capita rates of avoidable admissions, receipt of appropriate primary care services, elective surgery utilization, and total Medicare PartsA and B healthcare spending

Beneficiaries who lived in the lowest-prosperity areas had higher rates of avoidable admissions, lower rates of appropriate primary care services, higher rates of elective surgeries, and higher overall healthcare spending than those living in the highest-prosperity areas. Dramatic improvement in local economic conditions was associated with adoption of healthcare utilization closely resembling those of the most-prosperous areas and divergent from that of areas that did not see improvement; further, the most-prosperous areas had healthcare consumption patterns that were “immune” to economic decline.

Our findings suggest that improving local economic conditions could have healthcare utilization and quality implications. Policymakers should consider improved healthcare quality and reduced avoidable and potentially unnecessary high-cost care as potential returns on investment in improving local economic conditions, while being mindful of potential increases in care costs

It seems that the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has seasonal trends depending on weather as well as environmental and demographic factors such as upper respiratory tract infection (URI). The aim of this study was to evaluate seasonality of GBS and its electrophysiological subtypes.

In this cross-sectional study, the records of all admitted patients to all wards of Dr. Shariati Hospital from March 2009 to March 2019 according to ICD-10 codes for GBS and other similar neuropathies were investigated and 87 patients were registered based on fulfillment of Brighton criteria and symptom onset during the recent 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS version 20. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Most of the patients (63.2%, n=55) were men. The mean age of them was 49.1±19.2 years, and 41.3% (n=36) and 10.3% (n=9) participants had recent URI and gastrointestinal infection, respectively. The frequency of GBS in different seasons was 35.6% (n=31) patients in the winter, 27.6% (n=24) in the autumn, 19.6% (n=17) in the spring, and 17.2% (n=15) in the summer. The most frequent electrophysiological subtype was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) in all seasons. The most common GBS disability score was 1.

The highest and the lowest occurrence was seen in the winter and summer, respectively. AIDP was the most common electrophysiological subtype in all seasons. More studies are suggested to evaluate other aspects of GBS on more details.

Smartphone addiction is categorized as a behavioral addiction that in adolescents and youths can affect many aspects of life, including education and physical health, and is accompanied by such problems as reduced interpersonal problems, anger, aggression, and emotion. Thisstudy designedto assessthe association between mental flexibility and somatoform mediated by smartphone addiction among university students in 2020.

The study was a descriptive correlation performed employing path analysis. The studypopulation included all students of the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz in the academic year 2020-2021, 251 studentswere selected using simple random sampling. In the present research, we utilized the Somatic Symptoms Experiences Questionnaire (SSEQ), Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI). The proposed model was assessedusing path analysis with AMOS version 23.0 software.

There was a negative and significant association between mental flexibility and smartphone addiction (β=-0.47, P=0.001). Moreover, there was a positive association between smartphone addiction and somatoform (β=0.41, P=0.001). There was no significant association between mental flexibility and somatoform (β=-0.10, P=0.07). The pathanalysis results showedthemediating role of smartphone addictionin the association between mental flexibility and somatoform in university students (β=-0.27, P=0.001).

Ourmodel had a good fit, and, as a result, it couldbe helpful asan important step in identifying the aspectsaffecting the somatic symptom disorder of university students with smartphone addiction

Improvement in the women’s health promotes the sustainable development goal of good health and well-being. Providing equal opportunities and access to the resources would not empower women unless they are given more autonomy and power to take decisions. The current study explored the viewpoints of women about the influence of structural, socio-cultural determinants on health understanding and decision making.

An exploratory qualitative study design and interpretive epistemological approach were used to conduct the study among purposively selected16 adult women in Udaipur sub division located in the Trans Himalayan region of north India. Data was analyzed using the thematic content analysis and constant comparative approach.

Based on the similarities and commonalities of the responses of the participants four broader themes and ten subthemes were identified. The study foundthat determinants like socioeconomic conditions, poor health literacy, less autonomy, housing conditions, harsh winters and distance negatively affect women’s health. Women identified health illiteracy, time, and lack of basic health facilities as the barriers to access the healthcare system.

The study results recommended the need for early inclusion of women as one of the stakeholders of health system. Participatory approach by health professionals can build the trust between the health care system and women. On policy level the government needs to improve the education for girls, employment and health infrastructure. More studies on women’s perspectives towards underlying social determinants would be required for better health policies.

The growth in such a phenomenon as divorcement has doubled the necessity of doing research thereon from various perspectives. Although numerous factors are involved in a divorcement process and they have been dealt with in the related studies, it appears that the role of the attorney as an influential factor has been considered to a lesser degree. In this study, the process of the divorcement’s formation and facilitation based on the attorneys’ character virtues has been investigated.

In order to develop theoretical sensitivity, the prior studies were reviewed and the extant and relevant theories were extracted and discussed. Using qualitative method and grounded theory and through subjective and purposive sampling, 18 divorced Yazdi women who had hired lawyers were selected and subjected to deep interviews.

The 5 categories of wisdom, honesty, fairness, Humbleness and Transcendence move the clients' cases towards compromise. The 5 categories of enlightenment, meticulousness, futurisms, social intelligence and effective communication had a dual role. The case, at the discretion of the lawyer and the client, could lead to both compromise and divorce. 5 categories of love for learning, creativity, chivalrousness, stability and leadership also lead to divorce.

Attorneys with character virtues help the client make the most beneficial decision through positive interaction and confidence transfer

Today's organizations are looking for factors that create a competitive advantage. Human resources are one of the best factors in creating a competitive advantage. Human resource strategies focus on the organization's goals, what needs to be done, and what needs to be changed. Therefore, the realization of growth and development strategies depends on the desirability of human resource strategies. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of human resource strategies in hospital industry development considering the mediating role of competitive advantage.

The study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection.The statistical population included private and public agencies and organizations related to hospital industry and hospital industrial development. Using Cochran's formula, 265 people were determined as a statistical sample and a simple random sampling method was used to distribute the research questionnaires. To collect data, three questionnaires, including human resources strategy questionnaire, hospital industry development questionnaire, and competitive advantage questionnaire were used. To analyze data, the structural equation technique in the form of SMART PLS software was used.

The results revealed that the competitive advantage mediated the relationship between human resource strategy and hospital industry development. In fact, the direct impact of human resource strategies on industrial development was 0.343 and indirect impact of human resource strategies on industrial development mediated competitive advantage was 0.228.

The research results suggest that human resource strategies should create competitive advantages to move towards hospital industry development based on existing potentials in the province

The aim of present study was to provide a model for evaluating the insurance policies of the Social Security Organization with a network governance approach.

Through a mixed method study in Tehran and Golestan provinces, in first stage 35 people were selected among the experts and university professors and in second stage, 217 managers of insurance and health were included in the study.To achieve the optimal model four factors of network design, network formation, network health management and health network participation were identified and based on administrative, judicial and political evaluation, 18 questions were considered for each indicator. The data were analyzed through SPSS and LISREL software by exploratory factor analysis and path analysis.

Factor analysis showed the relationship between management risk indicators and dimensions of insurance risk, liquidity, credit, market, operational, national, reputation, legal, management, insurance and health and human resource factors. There was relationship between the indicators of level of implementation of policies and dimensions of human resources, investment, technology, market and information and communication technology.Among the sub-criteria of policy implementation, areas of investment, market, technical and human resources were ranked first to forth, and the information and communication technology area was ranked last.

The results revealed that policy evaluation indicators, except for the judicial approach in the indicator of health network formation in network governance, are approved and could be introduced appropriate criterion for assessing network governance indicators defined to evaluate the insurance policies of the Social Security Organization.

Anxiety is one of the most common psychological problems among adolescents which have been almost considered by researchers. In this regard, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of the FRIENDS training program on the anxiety of female adolescent clients referred to Tolou-e-Now Health Counseling Center of Bam.

This studywas a randomized controlled trial. The statistical population included 65 people of female adolescents with anxiety disorder referred to Tolou-e-Now Health Counseling Center of Bam, who were studying in academic year 2018-2019. Among them 30 people whose total anxiety level were higher than intermediate, were selected through convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to control (n=15) and experimental (n=15)groups. The experimental group received the FRIENDS training program for 10 sessions during 2 months and the control group did not receive any intervention. Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 22.

the results of analyzing the data showed that FRIENDS program training had a statistically significant effect on reducing both obvious and hidden anxiety in female adolescents in experimental compare to control group. The rate of the effect of this training program was estimated 33.4% with statistic potent 92.4.

FRIENDS training program couldbe considered as a protective intervention on reducing anxiety of adolescents.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between hope and perceived social support with academic wellbeingbymediating role of psychological hardiness.

Thiswasadescriptivestudyand wasdesigned to test the proposed model.The statistical sample was 334students of the Islamic Azad University of Kerman in the academic year of 2019-2020. Peopleselected by convenience sampling method. The research instruments were Hope Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Academic Wellbeing and Psychological Hardness Questionnaires. For data analysis, path analysis method was used in Amos and Spss-24 software.

The overall response rate was 94.6%.Most of therespondentswere between 18 and 27 years old. Women were almost 5 percent more than men. To achieve the desired fitin the initial model, the burnout component was eliminated due to low correlation with academic wellbeingand a new path of social support to academic well-being was added to the initial model. In the next steps, the components of social support were drawn with the suggestion of covariance software. The results of path analysis in the final model showed that the model has a good fit with the data. The results also showed that psychological hardiness plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between hope and perceived social support withacademic wellbeing.

Social support and hope through their effect on psychological hardiness led to an increase in academic wellbeing.

Most of the factors that affect the community health are out of health sector. The aim of this studywasto investigate institutional barriers to achieving good urban governance as a social determinant of health .

The present study wasadescriptive-correlational in terms of nature and survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study included employees of Isfahan Municipality in Isfahan (n=15085). Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample sizewas estimated at 376 people. They were selected using stratified random sampling method proportional to sample size. To collect data, researcher-made 41 items questionnaire was used on the barriers to achieve good urban governance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated ashigher than 0.7. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling in AMOS-23 software.

The results showed that the effect of physical/spatial, social fragmentation and functional barriers on good urban governance was also significant.Also, the effect of barrier variables in the theoretical area of planning and management, functional barriers in the system of urban administration and management and political-planning barriers on good urban governance was significant. Negative path coefficients indicated that these structures had an inverse effect on good urban governance .

A total number of six barriers were recognizedthat the government and municipalities can consider them in policy-making to achieve good urban governanceand provide the conditions for development and expansion of cities according to urban standardsThis could be led to better situation in social determinants of health and higher level of health in community level .

Health promotion in occupational and educational environments contributes to the improvement and higher efficiency of the people affected by them. The health status of medical students as future providers of health services has great importance. This study aimed to evaluate health promotion standards in the school of medicineatShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study evaluated health promotion standards of school of medicineusing a questionnaire filled out by medical students in 2020. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The questionnaire measured health promotion standards in the fields of healthy nutrition, facilities for proper physical activity, providing a healthy environment for students, adequate education for health promotion and disease prevention. Analytical and statistical tests were performed using IBM SPSS 23 software.

Among 340 medical students participatedin the study31.8 percent were in the basic sciences grade, 26.5 percent were stagers, and 41.8 percent were interns. The mean score of all questions among different grades was 1.11 (SD=0.33), 0.97 (SD=0.43), and 0.93 (SD=0.34), respectively (on a scale of 0-3). A significant difference was reported in the comparison of "basic sciences versus stagers (PV=0.011)" and "basic sciences versus interns (PV<0.01) ". the mean score of questions overall was 1.00 (SD=0.37).

Based on findings, health promotion in the schoolof medicine atShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences was in the medium range, which demonstrates the need for future policies that lead to a more efficient health-promoting environment.

Work ethic and green management are crucial issues in the health sector. Thisstudy was conducted to design a model on the relationship between work ethic and green management in public hospitals in Shiraz.

Mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) was used in the present study. The statistical samplein the qualitative section to answer the Delphi questionnaire included professors of medical universities and managers of public hospitals in Shiraz.The statistical sample in this section was obtained to be 15 people by using snowball sampling. The statistical population in the quantitative section included 200 staff of Shiraz public hospitals. They selected by stratified sampling method. Data collection tools included Delphi questionnaire and structural equation questionnaire.The quantitative section analysis was performed by SPSS and AMOS software.

Based on the results ofthe Delphi method, 8 main components and 29 sub-components were identified:among them, 4 main components were related to work ethic and 4 main components were related to green management. The results of structural equations showed that the factor loads of green management components including waste management, green human resources, productivity and energy were 0.41, 0.73, 1.09 and 0.60, respectively. Also, the factor loads of work ethic components including dependence, ambition, considerations and cooperation were 0.65, 0.81, 0.89 and 0.75, respectively.Work ethic also affected green management by 0.40.

Work ethic affects green management. Health and human considerations in the workplace and ambition in work, productivity and green human resources were the most important components.

Exonerees are individuals who have been wrongfully convicted of a crime. Later found innocent and released from prison, exonerees often spend decades incarcerated.While limited, research suggests that the unique trauma of wrongful conviction has profound adverse mental health implications which challenge reintegration, well-being and healing. In this study we examined exoneree perceptions of their mental health and coping mechanisms used to support healing.

We conducted a qualitative study utilizing a phenomenological approach to examine shared coping and healing mechanisms among exonerees. Twelve California exonerees participated in semi-structured interviews describing their experiences with coping and healing due to wrongful conviction. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, transcripts were coded with a hybrid coding scheme utilizing a thematic analysis.

Overall findings underscore the lifelong trauma and subsequent adverse mental well-being among wrongfully convicted exonerees, framed in association with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and hypervigilance. Three areas emerged as valuable coping mechanisms for exonerees that support a pathway toward healing: 1) Peer support and building community with other exonerees through organized meetings (convenings and healing circles); 2) Community education to build community awareness through storytelling; and 3) Advocacy engagement in the wrongful conviction movement and criminal justice reform.

Complementing comprehensive mental health services with opportunities for peer support, advocacy, and community education through storytelling may help exonerees regainlives lost to their wrongful convictions.

Managers are always trying to reduce the costs while improving the quality and efficiency of services. Thus, the aim of present study was to evaluate the status of organizational culture and to investigate the problems and challenges, to provide a developed and effective model of management.

This research was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The sample size was 344 clerks who were selected by stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The organizational culture questionnaire was designed in 9 factors and 42 sub-dimensions. The face and content validities of the questions were confirmed. To analyze the data, univariate t-test was used in SPSS software and structural equation modeling was used in AMOS software.

According to the results, the mean of organizational culture variable was above average (3) and was at the desired level (p-value <0.05). The status of identifying challenges and problems in the study population was measured below the average level. The results showed that more challenges and problems were identified by improving the implementation of organizational culture (0.486). Organizational culture also indirectly affects organizational effectiveness by identifying challenges and problems (0.214).

based on our finding, the mediating effect of identifying challenges and problems on the relationship between organizational culture and identifying challenges and problems was confirmed .

The aim of this study was to provide a model of social determinants of cell-phone marketing with customer expected value approach.

A mixed-method was used to identify the social components and indicators of the cell-phone marketing. The study population included marketing experts and professors in the qualitative section and managers and senior managers of marketing managers in the quantitative section. The sample size was 10 experts of marketing management in the qualitative section, and 384 people in qualitative section. To collect data, a semi-structured interview in the qualitative section and a questionnaire in the quantitative section were used. Construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis in SmartPLS software and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in SPSS software. To analyze the data in the qualitative section, MAXQDAsoftware was used. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling tests were used to confirm the components and present the model in Smart PLS software.

Game making and advertising had a significant effect on consumer behavior, social media and expected value. The results showed that the components of consumer behavior, social media and expected value had an impact on the promotion of cell-phone marketing through the quality of customer journey from beginning to end.

By identifying opportunities and threats, as well as identifying organizational strengths and weaknesses, with the help of web marketing and marketing through applications, recognizing customer needs and demands, obtaining information about user behavior, creating a suitable platform for easy connection and easy access.

This paper presents open-source computer simulation programs developed for simulating, tracking, and estimating the COVID-19 outbreak.

The programs consisted of two separate parts: one set of programs built in Simulink with a block diagram display, and another one coded in MATLAB as scripts. The mathematical model used in this package was the SIR, SEIR, and SEIRD models represented by a set of differential-algebraic equations. It can be easily modified to develop new models for the problem. A generalized method was adopted to simulate worldwide outbreaks in an efficient, fast, and simple way.

To get a good tracking of the virus spread, a sum of sigmoid functions was proposed to capture any dynamic changes in the data. The parameters used for the input (infection and recovery rate functions) were computed using the parameter estimation tool in MATLAB. Several statistic methods were applied for the rate function including linear, mean, root-mean-square, and standard deviation. In addition, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was employed and proposed to train the model and predict its output.

This procedure is presented in such a way that it can be generalized and applied in other parts and applications of estimating the scenarios of an event, including the potential of several models, including SIR, which is sensitive to pollution, etc. This program can be used as an educational tool or for research studies and this article promises some lasting contributions to field of COVID-19.

Patients with cancer experience many emotional and psychological burdens as they encounter different disease stages and receive treatments. Social support plays a crucial role in the patients' function, emotions, and symptoms. The present study aimed to evaluate the viewpoint of adult patients with cancer about the role of social support to caring for them, describe their common social support demands, and discuss their experience different components of social support current situation that are available for older adults with cancer.

Samples were selected from all adult patients hospitalized for at least 24 hours in a cancer referral center to receive the appropriate treatments. Among them, 12 patients who accepted to participate in the study were interviewed using s emi - structured interviews with open - ended questions . Data analys i s was performed by the qualitative content analysis approach .

According to the patients’ experiences, major social support concepts could be categorized as emotional, informational, and instrumental supports. They believed that social support needed to be enhanced in these three aspects, which each of them consisted of different needs.

P atients with c ancer are demanding social support, which could improve their psychological well - being and their quality of life. The health care providers need to pay attention to this demand, identify this need, and support the patients, properly.

Medical errors are one of the issues related to civil liability. Medical error is either an unintended action that occurs due to negligence or an operation that does not lead to the desired medical results. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between human error and physicians' civil responsibility in Bushehr hospitals.

This study was applied research which was conducted using a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this research consisted of physicians and nurses working at Bushehr hospitals. Out of the population, 140 individuals were selected using a convenient random sampling technique. An eighteen - item questionnaire was used to colle ct the data. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using the Cronbach's alpha test was higher than 0.7 for the components under study. Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to analyze the distribution of data.

There was a direct and signif icant relationship between nurses' negligence, surgeons' diagnosis failure, factors such as lack of effective communications between the medical staff at the time of delivering the patient to the operating room and other equipment - related errors, nurses' a nd patients' fatigue (P< 5% for all).

Increase in factors like Nurses' negligence and surgeons' diagnosis failure, Lack of effective communications between the medical staff at the time of delivering the patient to the operating room, lack of patient briefing, other equipment - related errors and Nurses' fatigue, would lead to an increase in the severity of medical errors.

The aim of this study was to present a model for the implementation of cultural policies in relation to organizational culture with an emphasis on the mediating role of spirituality and mental health in universities of medical sciences.

The present study was descriptive-correlational research. The data collection method was a combination of library and field studies and the data collection instruments included a review of documents, interviews and a researcher-made Cultural Policy Questionnaire, Workplace Spirituality Questionnaire, and Organizational Culture Questionnaire. The statistical population included 21496 hospital staffs and managers of medical sciences hospitals. Since structural equation modeling approach was used in this study, finally 472 people were statistically analyzed. The samples were determined using a stratified sampling method. In the present study, SPSS-23 and AMOS-24 software was used to analyze the data.

The research results confirmed the proposed research model and indicated a significant relationship between cultural policies and spirituality in university hospitals. Given the positive path coefficient, this relationship is direct. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2), 44% of spirituality changes in the hospital are explained by cultural policies. In addition to having a direct effect, cultural policies indirectly affect organizational culture through workplace spirituality. The level of direct impact was equal to 0.129 and the level of indirect impact through workplace spirituality was equal to 0.204.

A direct relationship was between cultural policies and organizational culture and an indirect relationship between spirituality in university hospitals and organizational culture.

Experiencing happiness and life satisfaction is the ultimate goal of human beings in life. The aim of this study was to investigate structural model of life satisfaction based on personality traits with the mediating role of emotion regulation in paramedical students

The statistical population of the study included all students of the paramedical school of Shiraz, from which 486 people were selected by convenient sampling methods. Neo, Life Satisfaction and Emotion regulation Questionnaires were used to collect research data. The evaluation of the proposed model was done through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SPSS software (version 18) and AMOS (version 18). Bootstrap method was used to test the indirect effects in the proposed model.

The results showed that the proposed model has a relatively good fitness with the data. Better fit was achieved by eliminating two non-significant paths.

According to the research results, emotion regulation has a mediating role in relation to personality traits and life satisfaction, so it may be possible to include management and emotion regulation training programs to increase life satisfaction among social prevention programs.

The purpose of the present study was to design a model of good governance to promote administrative health with an emphasis on the mediating role of social responsibility.

The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional. The statistical population included a total number of 16504 employees working in Sirjan City. Based on the Morgan table, 377 employees were selected as the subjects of the study by using a convenience random sampling. Data collection was done through a researcher-developed questionnaire which was prepared based on the research literature. The ‘Responsibility’ variable was measured with 16 questions and the ‘Good governance’ variable was measured with 14 questions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of variables was obtained higher than 0.7. To analyze the data, Confirmatory factor analysis and Structural equation modeling were used through Emus software.

According to the findings of factor analysis and fit indices, the indicators of the responsibility model are: intergenerational, environmental, and social commitments and the indicators of the good governance model are: sustainable governance and resource management. The direct effect between responsibility and good governance was obtained at 0.99. This study also showed a significant and direct relationship between the political, social, economic, and cultural dimensions of good governance and the interaction between industry and academia.

Good governance as a fundamental variable and in interaction with other factors leads to the establishment of sustainable development in mines.

Individual characteristics are closely related to performance and job efficiency of individuals. The aim of present study was evaluation of the relationship between communication skills and individual characteristics with job performance among clients and auditors.

This study was a descriptive-survey. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study included all auditors and clients at the level of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants who have directly or indirectly contact with each other. Through a survey, 42 certified public accountants and experts in this field in Iran were selected. Data from statistical population were collected using the Delphi method. In this analysis, To test the research hypotheses, t-test, binomial, Friedman ranking, and Kendall tests were used.

Based on the results, the effect of all items related to the auditor's individual characteristics was confirmed at a significance level of <0.001. The item of "auditor experience" had the greatest impact on the indicator of "individual characteristics of the auditor", item of “insufficient training of auditing teams" was ranked second and the item of “auditing firm size and score" was ranked third.

According to the results, with increasing attention to individual characteristics of the auditor in terms of experience, skills, expertise, knowledge and principles, the negotiation process will improve more at the level of the accountants' community. Also, if companies and organizations have higher bargaining power than suppliers and customers, they will be less sensitive to the demand for conservative accounting by them.

Nowadays, resiliency is one of the determining factors of people responses to stressful issues and mental well-being. The aim of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of resiliency promotion training on self-efficacy and work-family conflict of satellite employees in Iranian Oil Terminals Company (IOTC).

This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population included the satellite employees of IOTC. Using a convenience sampling method, 30 employees were selected and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (each 15 participants). To collect the data, general self-efficacy questionnaire and work-family conflict questionnaire were used at the beginning, at the end of the training, and after one month. The experimental group received training in 9 sessions of 90 minutes for one month, but the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software.

The effect of the resiliency promotion training on the research variables was significant in each of the post-test and follow-up stages. The rate of this effect in improving self-efficacy and work-family conflict was 98.8% in post-test and 99.8% in follow-up. There is a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in the self-efficacy and work-family conflict variables in the post-test and follow-up stages (p <0.001).

The results revealed that resiliency promotion training was effective on self-efficacy and work-family conflict of satellite employees in the post-test stage and the effects of training remained in the follow-up stage.

The aim of present study was to investigate the mediating effect of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between cognitive schemas and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Khayyam University staff and its effect on their practice.

This study was cross-sectional research conducted by a correlation method. The statistical population included all staff of Khayyam University in the academic year of 2018-2019 and the sample size was 200 students selected by a proportional stratified sampling method. The questionnaires used in this study included Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Young Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-short form (75 questions) and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS). To analyze the data, the structural equation method and Amos-22 software were used.

The results showed that mediating model of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the University staff has a good fit.

All pairwise relationships of variables were significant, meaning that there was a positive and significant relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the University staff and between early maladaptive schemas and intolerance of uncertainty, and between intolerance of uncertainty and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the University staff.

Human resource management should use the various systems of retention of individuals that lead to mental and physical reconstruction.

This was a qualitative and descriptive-analytical study. Collecting data was achieved through interviews and was coded in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The statistical population included all managers of the province hospitals. They included 20 managers, 3 governor’s deputy and 3 governor's advisor and a total number of 26 people. In the axial coding stage, by categorizing, conceptualizing and approximating open codes, the researcher classified open codes in 19 classes regarding the phenomenon of recruitment and retention of staff in the study hospital. In the selective coding stage, the conceptualized codes were organized into six classes, including causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors, central or core concept, strategies and consequences.

Recognition of employability, Job adaptability, Person-job and Improving motivational structures, demographic, employment policies, Political conditions and relations in the organization, structural factors and building culture , empowerment in line with job path progress, delegation of authority and opportunities for professional development, diversity, management style, organizational innovation, creativity, learning and problem solving, Improving the efficiency, performance of the organization, improving human capital and internal marketing and learning and problem solving were causal factors of the phenomenon of effective recruitment and retention of hospital staff..

Organizations, should provide the importance of recruitment strategy and performance of hospital staff to enhance the organizational goals.

Bone and joint diseases have an effect on the clinical situation, high-quality of existence (QOL), and its dimensions of incapacity, causing supercharges for distinctive countries. This examine become aimed to assess the impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on QOL in orthopedic sufferers.

This reading became a quasi-experimental performed as a parallel layout with pre-test and post-test. Patients stated the Promised Physiotherapy center in Mashhad decided on and had been randomly assigned to experimental (n = 12) and manipulate agencies (n = 12). The experimental organization acquired 8 weekly classes for three months, at the same time as the management organization did not receive any intervention. Statistics had been acquired by a standard QOL questionnaire and then records examine turned into finished the use of SPSS software version 25 and multivariate evaluation of covariance.

The average age inside the investigational agencies changed into 31.75 ± 4.71 years within the manage companies became 29.83 ± 5.27 years. Also, the common disorder timespan of the experimental organizations and manipulated businesses have been 5.64 ± 5.28 and 5.62 ± 5.81, correspondingly. The common post-test ratings of the experimental companies compared to the pre-test showed growth in subscales of QOL, however, the control agencies did no longer show such an alteration inside the post-test averages. (P-value = 0.0001)

the use of acceptance and commitment remedy as an effective and complementary psychological intervention in enhancing the QOL in orthopedic sufferers is usually recommended.

Increasing marital conflicts cause incompatibility and dissatisfaction between couples. The present study was done with the aim of the effect of couple therapy based on schema and training of couple communication program (TCCP) on the marital conflict resolution style of women visiting counseling centers.

The present study was a quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all women with conflict who referred to specialized counseling centers for family consolidation in the 19th district of Tehran in 2020 )N=240). The research sample consisted of 60 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). After performing the pre-test, couple therapy based on schema and TCCP was performed on the experimental groups, but the control group did not receive any treatment. At the end, post-test was performed on all three groups. The research instrument included a Rahim Couples Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (1983) and data were analyzed by analysis of variance.

The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of couple therapy based on schema and TCCP on the marital conflict resolution style of womenreferred to counseling centers (P=0.025). Couple therapy based on schema therapy was more effective than TCCP on women's marital conflict resolution style.

couple therapy based on schema therapy can reduce the marital conflict of women referring to counseling centers to an acceptable level.

People's quality of life is due to emotion control and efficiency, and the FRIENDS program also affects emotion control and empowerment.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The study population was Adolescent boys with type 1 diabetes in Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Birjand city. Based on the available sampling method, 63 students were first taken in the academic year of 2019 and then 30 students who scored below 50 were selected as the participants. They were randomly assigned to two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. In experimental group, FRIENDS program was trained in 10 sessions for 2 months (one session per week). To assess the effect of FRIENDS training package on quality of life, the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire was used.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean components of physical function, energy and vitality, pain tolerance, general health in the experimental and control groups (p <0.05). In other words, treatment based on improving quality of life increased the above components. In the post-test stage, it was tested in the experimental group. But there was no significant difference in the components of physical limitation, social functioning and mental health between the two groups (p> 0.05).

Teaching the FRIENDS program affects quality of life of adolescent boys with type 1 diabetes.

Covid-19 epidemic and the fear of its infection in infants as a global threat is a challenge for mother-infant attachment behaviors.

The present study was a review study conducted based on the information collected from searches in SID, PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, Scopus databases and Google Scholar search engine using the conjunctions of “AND” and “OR” between the keywords. The articles were searched using systematic search with the keywords of attachment behaviors, mother-infant bonding, maternal attachment, Covid-19, and neonates, with all possible combination of important words from December 2019 to April 2021. The initial search for relevant sources related to mother-infant attachment and Covid-19 led to 65 articles. Then, by applying the time filter, this number was reduced to 31 articles. In the final stage, by excluding duplicate articles and examining the relationship of articles with the subject of study, 7 articles were selected as relevant and final sources.

The results of reviewing of the studies showed low to moderate level of mother-infant attachment behaviors during Covid-19 crisis. Mothers with lower levels of attachment to their infants were more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and peritraumatic distress. Women who gave birth during quarantine had lower levels of attachment to their infants compared to other women.

Covid 19 epidemic caused a high prevalence and a wide range of psychological disorders and a reduction in the level of attachment in mothers of infants under 12 months. Providing timely psychological support is essential to improve the level of attachment of mothers to their infants.

Minority populations are more subject to chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and various cancersdue to their lack of access to quality food and knowledge of adequate nutrition. Theories such as the Health Belief Model and the Social Cognitive Theory have been used throughout various studies to understand why minority populations are more likely to develop chronic diseases stemmed from poor nutrition. Components such as socioeconomic status, education, median household income, ethnicity, interpersonal and intrapersonal factors were all analyzed using the aforementioned theories to understand why minorities are disproportionately affected in regard to receiving adequate nutrition and prevention of chronic diseases. Various government policies and programs have been created to aid minority families in purchasing quality food and to promote more measures against chronic diseases. Further research in understanding why minority populations are disproportionately affected may include systemic and environmental racism, including administration of preventive healthcare resources.

Spiritual health is recognized as one of the dimensions of health in Iran and in recent years many studies are conducted in this field in the country. This study aimed to review the experience of developing a five-year strategic plan and a one-year operational plan for the Spiritual Health Research Center (SHRC) of Iran University of Medical Sciences.

The study was conducted in three phases in a qualitative approach. first, researches on spiritual health in Iran, upstream documents, and stakeholders in this area were reviewed. Then the situation of SHRC was analyzed. Based on the information obtained in the previous phases, the center’s strategic plan was developed including vision, mission, and values ​​of the SHRC along with strategic objectives until 2023. The plan was presented during a focused group discussion meeting to the members of the research council of SHRC and finalized after receiving feedback.

Totally, 23 strategic five-year objectives were set for the SHRC to be archived by 2023. Then, the specific goals, activities, outcomes and indicators for the evaluation for the first year were determined.

This study proposed a methodology for developing strategic and operational plan for research institutes. The methodology presented here can be applied to other national and international bodies and institutions.