Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly
Volume:6 Issue: 3, Spring 2021

Mainly in the structure of relief organizations, especially the Red Crescent, in the discussion of providing resources, there is no specific strategy and program for production, identification, distribution with an entrepreneurial approach, and mainly the Red Crescent has the role of preparing and distributing items in critical situations. This study was conducted in Iran with the aim of extracting the factors affecting the entrepreneurial supply chain of rescue in the Red Crescent Society with emphasis on technology from the perspective of experts and specialists.

This qualitative study of content analysis was conducted in 2020. By content analysis method, the desired criteria were collected through open-ended questions and interviews. An in-depth interview was conducted with 30 experts to determine the desired indicators. Thematic analysis method was also used to analyze the interviews.

The experts had a mean age of 46 years, 21 of whom were male. 16 people had a specialized doctorate degree, and 14 people had a masterchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s degree. After analyzing and extracting the criteria from the interviews, 123 codes were reached. Finally, they were classified into two categories: supply chain management and technology indicators. Supply chain management class has subcategories: customer integration, supplier integration, internal integration and innovative orientation. Also, the category of technology indicators has subclasses: individual characteristics, attitude factors, educational factors, technical factors, economic factors, environmental factors, and finally human and managerial factors.

Supply chains are considered as a suitable vehicle for entrepreneurship due to the involvement of different parts of the Red Crescent Organization of Iran in joint activities. Due to the expansion of entrepreneurship issues in the supply chain, presenting a comprehensive model of the entrepreneurial supply chain in the Red Crescent with emphasis on the technology component, has a necessary and important role. In todaychr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s competitive environment, supply chain management can play a role for the Red Crescent, as a strategic and powerful core in achieving the boundaries of success and competitive advantage.

The knowledge of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) plays a crucial role in the prognosis of traumatic patients. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of pre-hospital care intensity index of spinal cord trauma amongst EMTs in Ilam, Iran. 

This cross-sectional study conducted on 98 EMTs based on census sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire on pre-hospital care intensity index of spinal cord trauma and were analyzed using SPSS 16.

The EMTs’ knowledge of prehospital care intensity index of spinal cord trauma was %87.7 at advanced level and %15.3 at intermediate level, respectively. There was a significant relationship between technician’s knowledge score and such variables as their age, work record, overtime hours and number of missions(p˂0.05).

EMTs needed more specialized information on spinal trauma. It was recommended to hold in-service training programs more precisely and consider the training of necessary skills that a majority of EMTs are in need of.

Sharing experiences and learning from the health situation in pandemics is an important  issue that affects the  make decisions in health disaster. In the present study tries to review and analyse the health policies to in Covid-19 management and to extract key points for resolving the pandemic problems.

The present study is a comparative research and the study population was Canada, Japan, Germany, south Korea, Turkey and Iran. 11 effective indicators in the management of epidemics were extracted by reviewing the literature and interviewing disaster management experts, and the degree of compliance of the research community with them was assessed. Data were collected from published papers in scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus search engines) or information from official sites of health management organizations. Data were processed and analyzed by matrix content analysis.

The results showed that the importance of 11 effective indicators in the management of Covid-19 has been considered by the health system of most countries. in this study and government, local and private organizations in accordance with the conditions of the health system of each country have participated in the implementation of the studied indicators. The success rate of studied countries in the management of Covid-19 disease varies according to the time, type and running process, monitoring and evaluation of measures.

Promptness ​​in health policies and integration in implementation of them, construction of makeshift hospitals, adequate training and access to personal protective equipment, prevention of hospital contamination and voluntary assistance are important issues in the fight against epidemics. The guideline should be considered and used in the management of future health disasters specially in pandemics and emerging diseases.

Considering the importance of the role and function of emergency medical services(EMS) in a society’s health and the need for continuously evaluating its function, especially in indices affecting the process of giving service to the patients, the present study was done with the aim of was to determine the time indicators of  EMS in Ardabil.
Materials &

This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Out of all the calls recorded in EMS centers of  Ardabil in the first 6 months of 2020. 327 calls that had resulted in the patient being transferred to a hospital were randomly selected and the required data including time indices and time and demographic information were extracted from EMS forms that are filled by a medical emergency technician for each mission. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, and one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test using SPSS 22 statistical software.

In terms of time indicators, average delay time(1.01 minutes), the response time(7.87 minutes), Scene time(13.81 minutes), Transport time (12.53 minutes)The sum of the three-time intervals(Transport time, response time, and Scene time) (35.15 minutes), and Round trip time(52.50). According to the Chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between the total of three distances(Transport time, response time and Scene time Transport time, and Round trip time with the geographical area of the emergency base.

Pre-hospital emergency time indicators were at the desired level. Updating information systems, ambulances, medical equipment and holding training courses for personnel working in this system can be effective in improving time indicators.

Nowadays, industrialization, using cars and consequently traffic jams are part of human life which grows every day. Along with the expansion of communication and transportation speed, the number and severity of traffic accidents increases. According to the World Health Organization, traffic accidents are now recognized as the ninth cause of death worldwide. In Iran, traffic accidents after cardiovascular diseases are the second leading cause of death. 

This qualitative study was designed and implemented to determine driver’s views and opinions in two cities of Warsaw, Poland, and Tabriz, Iran, about driver’s high-risk behaviors. This study was conducted using in-depth interviews with 27 drivers. The study results were divided into four main questions about driving behaviors, reasons for driving abnormal behaviors, the prevalence and causes of abnormal behaviors, and suggested measures to correct these behaviors.

The study results were divided into six main themes of driving norms, individual factors, social factors, external factors, driving skills, and driving laws. Our findings indicate that drivers are more likely to rely on individual skills in driving in unacceptable conditions. In other words, they ignore the rules and regulations. But, when driving in high standards conditions and good facilities, drivers accept the rules and prioritize them.

Internal control should be considered a helpful complement to external control, and that external control provides the highest efficiency when it comes with internal control. To internalize norms and observe driving laws and regulations, the authors suggest removing obstacles such as distrust among drivers regarding the effectiveness of driving laws, unawareness of breaking the laws, lack of job satisfaction, low level of participation, and structural barriers. Also, roads and vehicle safety must be improved along with a better track of the drivers’ behavior.

Earthquake is one of the most important and destructive natural hazards in Iranian cities, and the psychological and social consequences of catastrophe vary according to age, gender, economic and social class.

The present study is qualitative research that we conducted with the method of grounded theory research and to understand the social consequences of earthquakes in the social group of women living in Bam in 2017. We collected data, interpreted the extracted concepts, and analyzed the discovered social consequences using in-depth interview techniques and purposeful and theoretical sampling in Bam women's community.

After interviewing five experts and 27 women, we reached the data saturation in 2 groups of the middle and lower economic class of Bam city and performed three coding steps for each narrative. According to the research findings, one of the direct and indirect consequences of the Bam earthquake disaster in women has been psycho-social trauma.

Earthquake, death of parents and close family members with Interventional conditions such as economic and cultural status, level of education of the individual and family have affected the experience of psycho-social trauma in women. Also, women who based on pre-crisis and pre-disaster chose irrational and passive strategies experienced more negative consequences than women who chose rational and active coping strategies. Finally, the theoretical inference is that there is a direct relationship between the intervening social context and the psychological and social harms caused by the disaster in women, which in addition to the functional relationship is also effective in aggravating the consequences of this impact.

Hospitals, especially their emergency departments, are among the first health systems affected by accidents and disasters. Because of its nature and obligation to provide the highest quality services, this department should have protocols for coordination and interaction with other departments and be fully prepared in critical situations. This study aims to evaluate the disaster preparedness of the Emergency Department of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Isfahan Province, Iran. 

This research is an applied descriptive study conducted in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Fooladshahr City, Isfahan Province, Iran. The study data were collected using the Persian version of the World Health Organization’s Hospital Emergency Response Checklist completed through interview and document analysis. The checklist consists of 90 items and 9 domains, including command and control (7 items), communications (9 items), safety and security (11 items), triage (10 items), surge capacity (13 items), continuity of essential services (8 items), human resources (15 items), logistics and supply management (10 items) and post-disaster recovery (7 items). The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics over 4 months.

The disaster preparedness of the Emergency Department of the Hospital was poor in the human resources domain and good in the communication domain.

The disaster preparedness of the study hospital is at a moderate level. Planning and implementation of practical measures such as holding crisis management courses, establishing a crisis management team, estimating necessary resources, changing the structure, providing human resources for more accurate control and ease of service delivery, maintaining and rapid repairing of equipment, timely triage, and retrofitting hospitals can play an effective role in improving the disaster preparedness of the study emergency department.