نشریه کارآگاه
پیاپی 54 (بهار 1400)

One of the most important problems and issues facing crime detection units in their missions which sometimes put the staff of these units in harma’s way is lack of information superiority of these units in terms of crime tracing and detection facing them. To identify this problem and utilize solutions and take preventive security measures, it is necessary to conduct such research in ths regard. Therefore; the general objective of this research is to investigate the role of information superiority in crime tracing and detection in NAJA crime tracing units and to present preventive solutions. The present research is of applied type from type and objective perspectives and it with a qualitative approach. The study society includes specialized police staff as law enforcement agents in NAJA crime tracing units regarding the research subject. Using purposeful and hypothetical sampling, 20 persons were selected as samples and the process of sampling conitued till achieving hypothetical saturation. The tools used to collect data were presented with deep interview technique with the said people regarding identification, discovery and proving of crimes and finally arresting criminals. The findings show that information superiority is considered as one of the fundamental and necessary requirements of success in NAJA crime tracing units in the fields of crime detection and tracing and it can help these units in crime tracing measures such as identification, discovery, proving of crime and finally arresting professional criminals and gangs in police missions. Using committed and skilled human resources, having appropriate equipment and technology, informatns and sources at information spots, obtaining information about crimes and criminals, having data banks and finally preparing mission requirements in establishing information superiority are all very effective. In regards to the effective role of information superiority in identification, discovery and proving of crimes and arresting criminals, obtaining effective factors, eliminating the problems of crime tracing units are all emphasized for the success of police.

Today, information and communications technology can be used as a powerful tool to improve the quality and efficiency of employees in organizations. The increasing development of tools based on these technologies and its rapid adaptation to human needs, has led to a new form of creative, active and inclusive learning and interactive environment in most organizations. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of information technology on the human resource productivity of the target community. In terms of purpose, this research is of applied type and in terms of data collection method, it is of descriptive-survey type and in terms of time, it is of cross-sectional type. The statistical population of the research includes 2000 law enforcement officers in Urmia, of which 250 were chosen as a cluster sample. To collect the information required for this research, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed, the validity and reliability of which were also assessed. The results showed that employee productivity is affected by the independent IT variable with components of hardware, software, Internet and hardware has the largest share in explaining the employee productivity variable.

Negative personality characteristics have deep relationships with crime and wrongdoing. Personality of each person is formed based on their personality characteristics and if these negative personality characteristics grow, they will lead towards wrongdoings. This study intends to investigate white-collar criminals’ personality characteristics, not only to identify them precisely but also to prevent and correct them. Therefore; this study deals with white-collar criminals’ personality characteristics.  This descriptive-analytical study uses survey techniques and its data collection tool is based on library and digital data methods. The target society includes all white-collar criminals. With regards to this study, the question which was answered is that what characteristics do these white-collar criminals have? The findings include: certain personality characteristics are effective in perpetrating and setting the stage for crimes. Some others which were expressed as white-collar criminals’ personality characteristics in the past studies, are not their unique ones and other category of characteristics are in conflict with white-collar criminals’ personality characteristics and can not be considered as their personality characteristics , like having duties that do not corresponds to criminality. As a result, personality characteristics have relative relationships with perpetrating crimes.

One of the social and economic security problems and issues that threatens citizens and is somehow related to the State order and security is the crime of theft. Motorcycle theft is the common theft in the recent decades in which thieves commit them with different motives and various uses. To mitigate and counter perpetration of crimes, it is very important to be aware of the crime trends in consecutive years and locations. Therefore; the present research has been prepared with the intention of spatial-locational modeling of the crime of motorcycle theft. This research is of applied typre in terms of objective and of descriptive-analytical type in terms of method. In this research, the statistical sample includes 14 townships in the vicinity of Metropolitan Tehran, East and West Police Commands. This research uses data analysis on the crime of motorcycle thefts within 1398. The spatial analyses used average center and ellipsoid of the criteria deviation, spatial self-correlation and smoothing and interpolation were utilized. The results of the research showed that firstly, the spatial and geographical analyses of the crimes of motorcycle theft, a high number of which, occur in Tehran, indicated this crime well in ellipsoid of the criteria deviation and average center analyses well enough and it proved that the centeredness of the crimes of motorcycle theft is located in the expanse of Tehran West Suburb and its movement direction is east to west. Secondly, crime clustering in three clusters (category) in the area showed that density and mass of the crimes of motorcycle theft are located in lower East Tehran Police Command, high West Tehran Police Command and the Metropolitan Tehran Police Command is located at a very high level.

Currency-based crypto currencies based on peer-to-peer technologies and removing control and surveillance agents from the trading system have made it possible to use these currencies in criminal and illegal activities and therefore accelerate their use in such activities. Therefore, this issue has raised concerns about the future of these currencies. The wide range of investments in crypto currencies in Iran, along with the possibility of using them in commercial exchanges, has raised the question of whether the special features of crypto currencies have increased  money laundering and the level of the shadow economy in Iran. If the answer to this question is yes, the existing concerns can then be considered significant. This paper evaluates the effect of crypto currencies on the spread of money laundering in Iran using distributed interrupt vector auto regression (ARDL) method and using the required data during the period 1368-1388. The findings of this study show that with the introduction of this type of currency into the Iranian economy, crimes such as money laundering and the shadow economy have spread in the country. Therefore, the existing concerns about these crypto currencies are significant.</span>

Today the organized theft of lumber is a big and important trade throughout the world. The criminal theft of cutting trees and process of selling them require organized criminal cooperation in all its stages and it shows kind of corruption and criminal acts which facilitate bribery in their different phases. The present article intends to bring up an existing pathological approach in Iran using descriptive - analytical and library method while studying situational prevention method in reducing the organized theft of lumbers. This article deals with certain situational crime preventive measures by which we can stop organized criminal groups’ actions in cutting, transporting and trading lumbers. Taking measures in line with preventing certain examples such as developing cases of perpetrating the illegal business of stolen lumbers and causing administrative corruption in other processes carry ideas which require a special stance and importance. With regards to the criminological approaches of prevention, it can be concluded that effective crime prevention measures and actions to reduce organized crimes, particularly theft and smuggling of lumbers would include situational prevention because using a step-based approach it will cause to create obstacles in each of the details of the performance of organized groups.

Investigating a crime scene is of special importance from a judicial and technical point of view due to the originality of nature and lack of interference of various factors and plays a decisive role in continuing the preliminary investigation and even issuing a verdict in court. To systematize crime scenes, regardless of articles related to criminal proceedings law, executive bylaws on the limits of authority, description of duties and methods of investigating crime scenes in 1396 were announced by the head of the judiciary. Considering the application of the word science to the crime scene, it requires firstly that crime scenes investigation team be present at the scene, and secondly they should be aware of crime scenes that occur in new or complex ways in order to assess the scenes quickly. Today, criminals are trying to destabilize and kill people through terrorist acts. Investigating the scene of such murders due to the presence of dangerous substances and difficult conditions requires a trained and professional approach of investigators, officers and medical examiners. Therefore, the terrorist crime scene team should be familiar with how to investigate, to record and to recover terrorist crime scenes, because it accelerates the identification of perpetrators and the identification of the victims and all the dimensions of the issue and the methods of perpetration. The research is of developmental type and in the present study, in order to identify the scenes of terrorist crimes, descriptive, analytical and theoretical research methods are used and the purpose of the scientific update is to investigate and recover the terrorist crimes scene team.

Silmultaneous with the advancement of science and technology, criminals’ methods and tactics get more complicated, too and police should equip itself with the world’s latest technology to extricate from this challenge. One of these technologies is biometrics which enables police to take giant steps in collecting crime evidence. The present research is of applied type in terms of kind and objective with a qualitative approach. The study society includes elite and experts with a sample mass of eighteen people to the saturation level using targeted sampling method and the collection tool includes semi-structured interviews in which the results of the interview were transcribed and encoded. The findings of this research indicated thatcollecting biometric-based crime evidence is possible in foiur deminsions (laboratories, field investigations, Web and cyber- management) where these dimensions are interrelated. According to the findings of this research, biometrics will augment police crime laboratories capabilities, particularly identity recognition laboratories which are in line with the most important function of biometrics and during course of police field investigations, the biometric technology will increase the police investigations domain in order to enable the police to obtain reliable evidence and be able to track in cyber domain and to provide  electronic surveillance with the help of biometrics and to collect crime evidence.