Bulletin of Emergency And Trauma
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Jul 2021

To determine the instructional programs required by volunteers based on the studies carried out worldwide.

A systematic search was carried out by PubMed, Cochran Library, Scopus, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science and ProQuest databases between January 1970 and the end of June 2019. The articles were selected based on the keywords chosen by the author. In the end, the volunteer’s instructional titles were extracted from the articles in disasters.

Eleven articles were chosen for final analysis after studying the titles, abstracts, and complete articles texts which 45 instructional titles were extracted. The most frequent scales in terms of repetition were ethics, kinds of exercises, personal protection instruments, general hygiene, awareness of certain disasters, accident command system, disaster triage and emergency planning.

Governments should offer programs that can best serve the improvement of their performance by considering the daily increasing growth in the number of volunteers and in natural and manmade disasters. Universities and schools play determinant roles in this regard. It is hoped that the present study findings can be effective in codify an efficient instructional program for elevating the performance of the volunteers by taking part in disasters response.

To compare the intubation success rate of the first attempt between Video Laryngoscopy (VDL) and Direct Laryngoscopy (DL) in the emergency department (ED). This is a study of a randomized control trial includes the patients with acute respiratory failure and the emergency physician who intended to perform intubation in the ED from July 2015 to June 2016. We were selected the patients randomly by the sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes technique and were assigned to undergo the first attempt of either VDL (n=78) or DL (n=80). We collected the data information regarding the demographic characteristics, predictors of difficult intubation, rapid sequence intubation, attempt, Cormack–Lehane view, and immediate complications. The success of VDL in the first attempt was 73.1%, which were tended to be better than DL (58.8%) (p=0.060). Glottis view (Cormack–Lehane view 1–2) of VDL was significantly better (88.5%) than of DL (72.5%) (p=0.010). The immediate complications were not different. VDL showed a trend of better success than DL. VDL can increase the first-attempt intubation success and provide a better glottis view in emergency intubation. Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Thai Clinical Trial Registry, identifier TCTR 20200503003. Registered 16 June 2020, ‘Retrospectively registered’, http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsearch&smenu=fulltext&task=search&task2=view1&id=6186

To investigate in how the current COVID-19 pandemic affects patient’s perceptions of emergency physician empathy and communication. Patients cared for by Emergency Department physicians with the lowest satisfaction scores were surveyed within one week of discharge via phone. Using questions from the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) survey, patients rated their satisfaction with their Emergency provider’s empathy and communication on a scale of 1 to 5 and provided feedback on how the patient-provider interaction could be improved. Demographic data and patient responses to CARE survey questions were compared between preCOVID-19 and during COVID-19 time. Patient’s open-ended responses were analyzed for themes related to the impact of COVID-19 on the patient-provider relationship. Patient median quantitative scores were 5 (4-5) across all five questions of pre-COVID-19 and 5 (4-5) during COVID-19 for all questions except two (showing care and compassion), median 5(5-5). Female patients rated provider empathy and communication lower than mens. There was no differences across age strata. A shift in provider focuses to COVID-19 only care (N=3), and an understanding of the stress on healthcare processes (N=13) from open-ended responses themes emerged of patients who want to minimize interactions within the emergency department (N=3). The external factor of the current pandemic did not negatively impact patient’s satisfaction scores. Many patients express leniency and gratitude for emergency providers during this challenging time. Their responses seem to mirror current societal views of frontline healthcare workers.

To investigate the radiological and clinical outcomes of different surgical approaches in cervical spinal trauma in northeastern of Iran. The present study was conducted retrospectively from January 2011 to December 2017 in Mashhad, Iran. The demographic characteristics, hospitalization duration, and patient’s surgery detail data were extracted from the patients’ medical records. The follow-up period was at least six months after surgery. This study was conducted on 72 patients and the majority (n=51; 70.8 %) of them were male. Moreover, the participants; mean age was determined at 40.7±16.5 years. In total, 33 (45.8%), 13(18.1%), and 11 patients (15.3%) were operated using the anterior, posterior, and combined approaches in one round, respectively. It should be mentioned that 15 (20.8%) patients underwent the combined approach in two rounds. Early mortality was observed in 22 (30.6%) patients in the admission period. According to the follow-up X-ray results, the type of approach showed no relationship with non-fusion, malalignment, cage subside, and adjacent disk narrowing(p>0.05). According to the obtained results, there was no significant association between neurological and radiological outcomes among approaches. A high mortality rate was noted in combined surgery at one round, and the posterior approach is the best option when our goal is to correct lordosis.

To assess the patient’s satisfaction rate during two distinct registry procedures in the emergency department. A cross-sectional study was conducted in educational hospitals with a high volume of patient’s admission in Tabriz-Iran and Erzurum-Turkey. In this study, we used a Press Ganey questionnaire as a data collection tool that was filled out with patients or their companions before discharging or referred to other areas (wards). Finally, data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 16. The included patients were from three-admission time courses includes morning, evening, and night shifts. The present study results indicated that the total satisfaction score was two scores higher than the classic one (p <0.001) in the model registry system. Furthermore, the findings of the current study interestingly showed a correlation between satisfaction rate and education level as well as patient’s location. Thus, patients with moderate education levels had a higher satisfaction rate in urban regions when compared with rural regions and higher/lower education levels (p=0.03). Patients’ satisfaction rate with multiple variables can be improved by designing an appropriate registry procedure.

To evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes of COVID-19 up to three months after the delivery in pregnant women. This case series study was conducted on all pregnant women with COVID-19 hospitalized in Hazrat -E- Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran from March 8, 2020 to December 28, 2020. Data were included maternal age and gestational age (GA) which presenting signs and symptoms were collected at hospital admission. To confirm COVID-19 diagnosis, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were conducted. Both the mothers and the newborns were followed up to three months after delivery. Fourteen pregnant women with the median age of 31.5 were enrolled. HRCT was done in twelve mothers (85.7%), and eleven mothers (78.6%) were evaluated via RT-PCR; four of them (36.36%) were positive. Two mothers (14.28%) were admitted to ICU. The cesarean section (C/S) was done following fetal distress in only three mothers due to their concerns of vertical transmission. Two mothers were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and one of them died of pneumomediastinum. Fortunately, no neonatal death was reported three months after the delivery. COVID-19 affects mothers more in the last trimester of the pregnancy. Although no fetal death was reported in the recent study, physicians should closely monitor pregnant women to reduce the adverse event.

Blunt chest trauma is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome and can be masked by other injuries in polytrauma patients. It can have devastating consequences due to damage to the myocardial tissue if left unrecognized. Myocardial injury can result in life-threatening arrhythmias and complications such as systolic and diastolic dysfunction. This can significantly affect patients’ quality of life. A 34-year-old man involved in a paragliding incident in Kazakhstan. His equipment failed at 30 meters height and result him to be propelled at high velocity to the ground. He sustained multiple injuries including spinal fractures, lung contusions and a mediastinal haematoma. He was transported to a local hospital and noted to have ST segment elevation on his admission electrocardiogram (ECG). He underwent an angiogram that showed sub-occlusion of his left anterior descending (LAD) artery. This resulted in a time-critical Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). He was stabilized and repatriated to the UK to manage of remaining injuries.

Disasters are an integral part of human life, which have been grown increasingly in recent years. Disasters are divided into human-made and natural categories [1]. In this study, two cases are considered. One is deliberate human-made disasters in such conditions that human crimes or vicious crimes occur in countries, and the government is the criminal factor or is not able to control the crimes. The other case is natural disasters in which people are hurt and suffer from death and diseases, and although the host country is not able to be responsive which it refuses to accept international grants.