Journal of Archives in Military Medicine
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Jun 2021

The basic reproduction number (R0) is an epidemic threshold parameter that indicates the magnitude of disease transmission and thus allows suggestions for the planning of control measures.

Our aim in this study was to compare different approaches for estimating R0 in the early stage of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and discern the best-fitting model.

The dataset was derived from cumulative laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases from 26th February to 30th May 2020 in Iran. The methods of exponential growth (EG) rate, maximum likelihood (ML), time-dependent (TD) reproduction number, attack rate (AR), and sequential Bayesian (SB) model were used. Thegammadistribution (mean 4.413.17 days) was used for serial interval (SI) distribution. The best-fitting method was selected according to the lowest root mean square error (RMSE).

We obtained the following estimated R0 [95% confidence interval]: 1.55 [1.54; 1.55], 1.46 [1.45; 1.46], 1.31 [1.30; 1.32], and 1.40 [1.39; 1.41] using EG, ML, TD, and SB methods, respectively. Additionally, the EG and ML methods showed an overestimation of R0, and the SB method showed to be under-fitting in the estimation of R0. The AR method estimated R0 equal to one. The TD method had the lowest RMSE.

The simulated and actual R0 of TD showed that this method had a good fit for actual data and the lowest RMSE. Therefore, the TD method is the most appropriate method with the best performance in estimating actual R0 values.

There are a variety of treatment regimens containing several antimicrobial compounds to treat Helicobacter pylori infection.

The aim of this study was to eradicate H. pylori infection in patients with gastrointestinal problems after the administration of a four-drug regimen.

This study was performedamong100 patients with gastrointestinal problems visitingImamKhomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran. The data were collected using a checklist that included patient information and analyzed by chi-square and t-test.

Out of the 100 patients visiting the clinic, 60 (60%) were male, and the rest were women. Also, 67% of the patients had pain type dyspepsia, and 33% of them postprandial distress type. In pathologic study, 38% of the patients had H. pylori infection, with a significantly higher incidence in patients with pain type dyspepsia.

The results showed a relationship between the type of indigestion and the improvement of symptoms after receiving a four-drug regimen, indicating the need for proper planning to diagnose and treat the type of indigestion.

COVID-19 isanemerging disease thatwasfirst identified in Chinaandthen spread tomostcountriesaroundthe world. The disease was caused by the coronavirus and led to restrictions in most parts of the world. Definitive causes have been identified, and mortality from the disease is high in continental Europe.

This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of COVID-19 in continental Europe.

This was an ecological study and described the characteristics of COVID-19 in continental Europe. Data related to the definite cases of diagnosis and death due to this disease andWorld Health Organization reports were recruited and transferred to Excel and SPSS software. Case fatality rates were also calculated for each country.

The highest confirmed number of diagnosed cases of COVID-19 was in Russia with 4,333,029 cases, and the highest number of deaths reported due to COVID19 was in the United Kingdom with 124,419 cases. The highest case fatality rates were from Bulgaria 4.08%.

COVID-19 is a highly contagiousanddeadly disease, anduntilaneffective vaccine is available, the prevention of disease transmission is possible only through observing social distancing.

Research on the effects of moderate-intensity endurance training on inflammatory indices and cardiovascular risk factors is limited.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six weeks of endurance training on liver enzymes, body composition, lipid profile, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein responses in people with a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Thirty men (30 - 45years) participated in this study who were divided into two groups, including the control group (n = 10) and training group (n = 20) systematically. The training group program consisted of running on a treadmill for 30 minutes with an intensity of 55 to 60% of maximum heart rate. These training programs were continued three times a week for six weeks. The control group did not perform any exercise program. ELISA technique was used to measure lipid profile, liver enzymes, interlukin-6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), respectively.

The results showed that the variables of weight, liver enzymes, lipid profile, IL-6, and hs-CRP were significantly different from the pre-test (P < 0.05). Also, in between-group comparison, the results showed that except for the variables of fat percentage and BMI in the other variables of the study, a significant difference was observed (P < 0.05).

The results of this study suggest that moderate-intensity endurance training could be used as a useful way to reduce weight, levels of inflammatory markers, liver enzymes and cardiovascular risk factors in people with a family history of CAD.