فصلنامه بیهوشی و درد
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of ACT with STSFT on pain self-efficacy and resilience of female students with chronic headache.

The method of this study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow up with the control group. The population of the study consisted of female students with chronic headache in the secondary school of Tabriz in the academic year 2019-2020. In total, 30 people, They were selected by using simple random sampling and randomly divided into three groups. The experimental groups received their group-specific treatment in 8 and 6 sessions, respectively. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance & Bonferroni post hoc test.

In the pretest, mean and standard deviation of ACT for pain self-efficacy was (29/10±4/72) & for resilience was (43/20±5/05); in STSFT for for pain self-efficacy was (27/60±4/76) & for resilience was (42/30±4/39); and in the control group for pain self-efficacy was (29/00±4/47) & for resilience was (42/40±5/66). Both treatments compared to the control group, increased pain self-efficacy and resilience in patient after the test (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of these two treatments on pain self-efficacy and resilience was lasting (p<0.001). The effect of these two treatments on pain self-efficacy and resilience at posttest and follow-up was not different (p>0.05).

These two therapies may reduce the severity of the headache by reducing catastrophic headaches and thus reduce anxiety and fear associated with pain, thus increasing the pain  self-efficacy and resilience of female students with chronic headaches and can be considered a useful preventive strategy.

Chronic pain, especially skeletal muscle pain, is very common and can affect the quality of life and health of the patient and families; Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between behavioral inhibition system and pain perception by mediating role of pain catastrophe and perceived social support in people with chronic pain syndrome. 

in this descriptive correlational study, 270 patients were selected through convenience method and assessed with standard questionnaires of behavioral brain systems Wilson and Gray (2003), Van Korf (1990) pain perception, Sullivan et al pain catastrophizing scale(1995), the perceived social support of Zinat et al. (1998). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS20 and PLS3 statistical software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. 

 Findings showed that pain catastrophic and perceived social support significantly mediate the relationship between behavioral inhibition system with perceived pain. There was a significant direct relationship between behavioral inhibition system and perceived pain (P <0.05). 

This finding shows the importance of the role of mediating  psychosocial variables in perception of pain and indicates that the effect of different variables on pain intensity to pain is not a linear relationship.

The  aim  of this   study was to compare the effectiveness of  acceptance and   commitment  therapy   And   schema   therapy   on   pain intensity     and   emotion  regulation  in spinal column surgery patients    suffering   from pain in   milad hospital. 

In this semi-experimental  study  with  pretest-posttest  control group  design  was used, 96peopel who were given a diagnosis  of about them ,were assigned to two experimental and control groups. this  study  was to analyze the data from the test   ANCOVA.

Results   showed   that    acceptance   and  commitment  therapy   and   schema therapy    based on  reducing amount pain and  emotion management.

The results revealed that  schema  therapy   focuses on the challenge  and  cognitive  and    acceptance  and  commitment   therapy   focuses on the change  process to create positive change  and  appropriate  in patients  with pain and  surgery  used.

The economic burden of the treatment of hip fracture would be enormous, especially in countries like Iran with an aging population and limited financial resources. The choice of anesthetic technique for hip fracture surgery is controversial. We conducted this retrospective 4 year study to evaluate the effect of regional versus general anesthesia on the length of hospital stay and the cost of hospitalization in an academic governmental setting.

We reviewed the medical records of 751 adult patients who underwent a surgery for intertrochanteric or femoral neck fracture since 2008 to 2012 in a University hospital located in Tehran, Iran. Data regarding days of hospital stay and total direct hospitalization costs as well as patients’ demographics were analyzed based on the type of planned anesthesia. The source of data collection was local electronic database.

Neuraxial anesthesia was associated with less hospital stay and costs in patients with intertrochanteric fracture surgery. The advantage of neuraxial over general anesthesia was not statistically significant in patients with femoral neck fracture.

Neuraxial anesthesia followed by meticulous postoperative pain control may reduce the hospitalization period and costs of hip fracture treatment. This is especially true for the patients with intertrochanteric fracture.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive  psychotherapy on the perception of pain in people with chronic tension headaches.

 Methods and Materials: 

The experimental method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with chronic tension headache referred to the private clinics of neurologists and a hospital in Shahreza city in 2018. For this purpose, 30 people were selected by targeted sampling method (according to research criteria)  and were placed  randomly in two experimental and control groups (15 experimental group and 15 control group). The experimental group was trained 8 positive 90-minute sessions of positive psychotherapy. The measuring instrument included a daily checklist of Blanchardchr headache (1992). Univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that positive psychotherapy significantly reduced pain perception in people with chronic tension headache.

It can be concluded that positive psychotherapy is effective in reducing the pain perception of people with chronic tension headaches

As shown in many studies, one of the most important reasons for headaches in individuals is their tendency to self-criticism. Discovering some protective factors in order to moderate this tendency, thus, can be one of the important goals of health psychology research. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the relationship between self-compassion and self-criticism in women suffering from tension headaches using structural equation modeling.

To do so, 110 women with tension-type headaches were selected through purposeful sampling from psychiatric and neurological clinics and specialized headache centers in Isfahan, and were asked to respond to self-compassion and self-criticism questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) on Amos and SPSS software programs.

The results revealed that the presented model fitted the data well. There were negative relationships between positive components of self-compassion (self-kindness, common human humanity, and mindfulness) and self-criticism. On the other hand, there were positive relationships between the negative components of self-compassion (self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification) and self-criticism. The findings showed the research model was appropriately presented.

Conclusions‌:

 Therefore, based on the results obtained from the present research, it can be concluded that self-compassion as a protective factor can have a significant impact on self-criticism in women with tension-type headaches.

Exchanging and sharing information within the anesthesia team is very important to maintain patient safety and requires close coordination and cooperation between team members. The aim of this study was to introduce and present a checklist before induction of anesthesia and to evaluate its effect on improving the clinical performance of the anesthesia team and the quality of patient safety.

This quasi-experimental study was a post-test with a control group. The statistical sample of the study included anesthesia teams in four educational centers of Ahvaz, including anesthesiologists and experts who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (n = 50) and control (n = 50). After applying the designed checklist before induction of anesthesia in the intervention group, data collection was performed by the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire completed by the participants themselves.

The results showed that the mean score of safety attitude in the intervention group (4.01) was significantly higher than the control group (3.91) (P=0.012). 80.2% of the respondents in the intervention group stated that using the checklist was easy, while only 19.8% of them considered using the checklist to be time consuming. The majority agreed that the use of checklists improved operating room safety, communication and prevented errors in the operating rooms (80.2%, 84.8% and 78.6%).

The use of checklist intervention leads to improved team clinical performance and safety of the operating room environment and can play a valuable role in promoting patient health and greater productivity of anesthesia staff.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, and is related to biomechanical factors of the lower extremities. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of hip and knee strengthening with internal instruction exercises on pain and dynamic knee valgus in patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrom.

50 men and women with Patellofemoral pain syndrom (18 to 45 years) participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to experimental (n = 25) and control (n = 25) groups. Evaluation of gait kinematics was conducted using two-dimensional video camera. Subjects in the control group received hip and knee strengthening exercises and in the experimental group performed hip and knee strengthening with external instruction exercise for six weeks. Independent and dependent T-tests were used for statistical analysis.

The results of the statistical tests showed that addition of external focus instruction on hip and knee strengthening exercises affected the lower extremity kinematics of Patellofemoral pain syndrom subjects and significantly improved the lower extremity kinematics (p≤0. 05).

Hip and knee strengthening with external instructions exercises seem to be more effective in improving gait kinematics than exercises that focus solely on strengthening the hip and knee muscles.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy and emotional schema therapy on pain severity and performance limitation in people who suffering of tension headache.

 The present study was a quasi- experimental design that conducted in the form of pretest-posttest-2mounths follow up. In this study, 68 patients with chronic tension headache who were refered from pain specific clinic of imam reza hospital (tabriz medical university), and 30th of them with psychiatric recognition of tension headache were selected with purposive sampling method, they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 students per group). The participantes in the two groups completed the Multidimentional Pain Inventury (West Haven- Yale, 1985)  as the pretest, posttest, and 2 months follow-up. Twelve sessions of group emotional schema therapy, and Ten sessions of group Dalectical Behavioral therapy were held for the participants in the experimental groups. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Repeated measures analysis.

Based on the results of repeated meajure analysis in posttest and follow- up, it was found that both emotional schema therapy, and dialectical behavior therapy were effective on pain severity and performance limitation in patients with chronic tension headache (p=0.001). In addition, Bonferroni post hoc test  results showed that emotional schema therapy had a greater effect on pain severity and performance limitatation than dialectical behavior therapy among people who suffering of tension headache (p=0.001).

training of this therapeutic approach is recommended as an effective interventional method in reducing pain severity and performance limitation in people who suffering of tension headache.

Neck pain is one of the most common problems in human societies. There are many factors involved in the etiology of neck pain, and cognitive problems related to pain are among the most important factors involved for non-specific neck pain. ‎The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of functional cognitive training on the pain intensity, disability and Kinesiophobia in people with non-specific chronic neck pain.

The present study was a clinical trial study with one intervention group and one control group. In this clinical trial study, 24 patients with chronic neck pain were randomly divided into two ‎groups of Cognitive Functional Exercise (n=12) and Control (n=12). ‎‎ The variables of pain intensity, disability and Kinesiophobia ‎ were evaluated before and immediately after six weeks of cognitive exercises by Visual Analog Scale, neck disability questionnaire and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, respectively. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and paired t-test. ‎

Comparing the two groups after treatment, there was a significant difference in pain intensity (P = 0.001), disability index (P = 0.001) and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (P = 0.001) was observed, so that in the intervention group in all factors a significant decrease was observed. Also, the results of the T-pair test showed that there is a significant difference in the group of intervention before and after the test in all variables (P = 0.001). But there was no significant difference for the control group.

The findings showed that the intervention of functional cognitive exercises improves pain, disability and Kinesiophobia in people with chronic neck pain, so it is suggested that functional cognitive exercises can be used as a complementary method in improving individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain.