مجله روانشناسی ورزش
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mental toughness and competitive motivational styles in predicting of Satisfaction with Life in Tehran Martial Artists.

This study was a descriptive-correlational study and its statistical population was all male and female of martial artists in Tehran. Survey data were collected from 190 martial artists with a mean age of 25.02. The instruments used in this study were Mental Toughness in Sport Questionnaire-50 (MTSQ), Competitive Motivational Styles Questionnaire (CMSQ), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Exploratory factor analysis was used to validate the questionnaires.

The results Pearson correlation showed that there are the positive and significant relationship between mental toughness and its components, competitive motivational styles and Development-Focused and win-fixated components with life satisfaction. The results of regression analysis indicate that mental toughness and components of tough values, tough skills and tough emotions, competitive motivation styles, and Development-Focused and win-fixated components are the appropriate predictors of life satisfaction.

As a result, to increase the life satisfaction of martial artists, training strategies based on increasing mental toughness and promoting of the positive dimensions of competitive motivational styles can be suggested.

Although reducing cognitive functions is an inevitable part of aging, performing physical activity and motor coordination skills is effective in improving their neurological functions. Considering the importance of the effective of tasks with different processing needs on cognitive functions, the aim of study was to compare the effectiveness of open and closed skills exercise on the executive functions of inactive elderly women.

this research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. 30 inactive elderly women were randomly assigned to two groups of open and closed skills exercise. Participants in both groups performed their own exercise program for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. All subjects then participated in executive function tests of Nback working memory, Wisconsin Card Sorting and stroop.

The results showed a significant difference between open skills exercise compared closed skills exercise on working memory (P = 0.001), cognitive flexibility (P = 0.025) and response inhibition (P = 0/002).

The results of the present study showed that 12 weeks of open skills exercise compared closed skills exercise has a more effect on increasing executive functions of inactive elderly women. Therefore, in order to improve their executive functions, it is recommended that inactive older women participate in sports such as table tennis, which have a high cognitive load.

The purpose of this research was to examine the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of movement imagery questionnaire for children among with 7-12 years old children in Tabriz city.

Methodes: 

For this purpose, the 199 athletes (88 girls and 111 boys) were selected and completed the Persian version of the movement imagery questionnaire for children. This questionnaire involved 12 questions and three components such as external visual imagery, internal visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery. Data were analyzed with Confirmatory factorial analysis based on structural equations, Cronbach alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient tests.

Result showed that the movement imagery questionnaire for children has acceptable fit indexes (RMSEA = 0.061, CFI = 0.96, IFI = 0.96, and CMIN/DF=1.71), internal consistency (0.89) and temporal reliability (0.88) among child athletes.

Thus, the Persian version of movement imagery questionnaire for children has acceptable reliability and validity in Tabrizian child athletes and coaches, researchers and athletes can used this questionnaire

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of participating in a course of recreational sport activity on the self-efficacy and resilience of the physical education teachers.

This study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population of the present study included all the female physical education teachers in Tehran Province (Iran) who were not involved in the recreational sports activities. According to the empirical research, 40 individuals in the control and experimental groups (20 individuals per each study group) were selected as the sample of the study. Baek Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BHPAQ), Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (developed by Neff et al., (2013)), and Resilience Questionnaire (developed by Lutens et al., (2007)) were used for data collection. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used for data analysis.

The results showed that participating in a course of recreational sport activity had a significant effect on the self-efficacy and resilience of the physical education teachers p < 0/05.

It can be concluded that paying attention to recreational sports activities and promoting these activities in teachers' extracurricular programs can increase the self-efficacy and resilience of the physical education teachers.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between self-compassion and the risk of exercise addiction (EA) in Collegestudents.

In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population was all students from University of Tehran. In this study, 250 students who exercised in the university fitness centers were evaluated based on the Exercise Addiction Scale.Forty of themwere assigned to either an high risk (scoring ≥ 24 on the scale) or a low risk(scoring 23-13 on the scale) EA group session (Each group, n=20). They then completed Self-Compassion and Eating Disorders Scales. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and MANOVA.

The results indicated that prevalence of exercise addiction in college students is 8% and self-compassion is negatively related to exercise addiction.The results also revealed that, compared with students Less exposed to EA the students exposed to EA are more self-critical and tend to be isolated and catastrophic in the face of adversity and stressful situations.

This study suggests EA risk has an inverse relationship to self-compassion in college students. Raising self-compassion may be a useful addition to EA problem prevention and treatment interventions.

The purpose was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the sport mental training questionnaire (SMTQ).

Participants were 385 athletes (182 females and 203 males; mean age = 35±18) with different levels of skill (Professional and Semiprofessional athlete) in 14 types of individual and team sports. This questionnaire has five scales with subscales were includes of foundation skills (self-confidence, goal-setting), performance skill (activation control, relaxation, refocusing), interpersonal skills (group integration), self-talk, and imagery. The Ottawa Mental skill, group environment, automatic self-talk questionnaire were used to confirm the concurrent validity.

The findings showed that content and displayed validity were acceptable. Cronbach’s αs showed acceptable internal reliability (α=0.82), and interclass correlation coefficient established test-retest reliability of entire questionnaire (0.89) and subscales. The correlation coefficient of all of subscales with the same questionnaire were significant for concurrent validity. Construct validity were confirmed to compare difference between the high and low skill level, female and male athletes. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the adequate fit to the data.

the Persian version of the sport mental training questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable tool for Iranian sport psychologists and coaches.

The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of individual and collective efficiency of the experiences of athletes of the Iranian national basketball team.

This study was conducted with a qualitative approach using phenomenology. The study participants were male and female athletes who were members of the 2018 national basketball team and were selected by the snowball method. 10 men and women with a mean age of 27 years participated in this study voluntarily. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and the data were analyzed by content analysis method. The validity and reliability of the results were evaluated by three experts. Efficiency sources were extracted by researchers in the form of descriptive and interpretive codes.

Resources of efficacy were extracted by researchers in the form of codes. Individual efficacy resources include nine explanatory codes of "indirect experiences", "individual exercises", "beliefs", "motivations", "personal emotions", "encouragements", "individual achievements", "supports" and "coach efficiency". Similarly, collective efficacy resources are consisted of four explanatory codes of "team features", "team success", "team support" and "coach efficiency". The schematic designs were drafted using Atlas.ti.8 software.

The present research suggests the importance of individual and collective efficiency in order for the national Iranian basketball team to achieve more international success.

So far, the best periods has not been set for off-line and for memory consolidation to occur and these periods vary, and whether over- learning enhances retention in a way that is really beneficial has been controversial. The aim of this research was the effect of over- learning and off-line different periods on Stabilization-Based Consolidation process and retroactive Interference in explicit Memory.

In this semi- experimental research, Participants included 60 female students between the ages of 20 and 30 who were voluntarily selected. The participants after meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups with periods of 5 minute, 24 hours in offline with two factors over-learning and non-over-learning and two control groups.This research consisted of two phases of learning and retention and the initial task (forehand kick) and the second (backhand kick) task was used for this research.

Findings of ANOVA with repeated measure emerge from our results. First, off-line alone (24 hours and 5 minutes) is not enough to learn an assignment. Second, initial task at off-line times (24 hours and 5 minutes), the over- learning was consolidation, and the learning of the forehand kick became resistant to backhand kick interference.

According to the results, suggest that over- learning can play a significant role in explicit motor memory, but the off-line in explicit motor memory alone cannot make retroactive interference resistant. The results show that continuous and sustained interference can be attributed to the retroactive effects of memory retrieval.

The aim of this study was to validation of the Persian version of the scale of enjoyment of physical activity in first grade high school students in Khuzestan province.

Among all of high school students in Khuzestan province who were studying in the academic year 1399-1398, 382 were clustered randomly selected (199 boys and 183 girls). The research tool was the scale of enjoyment of physical activity, the validity and reliability of which were also confirmed. The implementation method was such that using the open translation method, the translation accuracy of the Persian version of the scale was confirmed. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the structure and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient at a significance level of p≤0.05.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis of physical activity enjoyment scale indicators indicate that the measurement model has a favorable fit and all physical fitness subscales of physical activity enjoyment index had an acceptable factor load and were confirmed. The internal consistency was 0.90 and the internal consistency of the pleasure subscale was 0.82%, communication was 0.78%, competency was 0.72%, improvement was 0.70% and entertainment was 0.74%. It came in handy.

Therefore, the Persian version of the scale of enjoyment of physical activity had structural validity and internal reliability and can be used as a valid and stable tool among students.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of six weeks of bilateral motor trainings in mirror on the range of joint motion and gross manipulative skill in affected hand of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy(SHCP).

In this clinical trail study) IR.KUMS.REC.1398.493(, 16 children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy were divided into two groups of bilateral motor trainings in mirror group and bilateral motor training group without mirror. In addition to the usual rehabilitation program, both groups performed exercise program according to their instructions. Upper limb joints range were evaluated before and after treatment using MSD marker goniometer and gross manipulative skills assessed using box and block tests (BBT).

The results showed that the effect of group, effect time, effect interaction of time group in both variables of gross manipulative skill and range of motion of upper limb joints were significant.

despite the positive effect of bimanual motor trainings on the rang of motion of the joints and gross motor skill in affected hand children with hemiplegic, but bilateral motor trainings with mirror had a greater effect that can be explained by mechanism of mirror neurons.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of maximal and submaximal fatiguing contractions on voluntary postural stability and muscle synergies.

Following isometric maximum voluntary contraction (IMVC) tests, 12 volunteers randomly performed submaximal and maximal fatiguing contractions of the plantar flexors. Before and after the fatiguing protocols, the central fatigue, peripheral fatigue, the centre of pressure and activities of 12 muscles was recorded. Repeated measure ANOVA dependent T was used for data analysis.

Rest twitch size was smaller after maximal than submaximal fatiguing contractions. Voluntary activation and IMVC decreased significantly more after submaximal than maximal fatiguing contractions. M wave was not changed significantly after two protocols of fatiguing contractions. Furthermore, in comparison with the maximal fatiguing contractions, the submaximal fatiguing contractions lead significant decrease in variance of muscles activity and muscle synergies. The ellipse of COP area also increases significantly after submaximal than maximal fatiguing contractions (p < 0.05).

The outcome of this study suggests that training programs for patients with balance and muscle synergies issues should be based on training with submaximal rather than maximal load.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of the consequence memory training program on youth motor memory performance and to investigate the mediating role of laterality.

The statistical sample of this study also includes 60 young women on the right and left hands that were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into four groups. The tasks used were included the alternative serial reaction time task, the Wechsler memory scale, third edition, and the Back-N working memory test. Subjects participated in pre-test, acquisition test, immediate retention test and 48 hours later in delayed retention test.

Results showed that there are significant differences between the performances of motor memory in the pre-test stage with each of the stages. Comparison of the groups in motor memory performance showed that the subjects of the left-handed experimental groups had better motor memory performance in all stages than the subjects of the other groups.

The results of the present study showed that the left individuals had better performance in motor memory, so it is suggested that trainers pay special attention to the issue of laterality for training and performance of motor skills.