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Nutrition and Food Security - Volume:6 Issue: 3, Aug 2021

Journal of Nutrition and Food Security
Volume:6 Issue: 3, Aug 2021

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/05/13
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Ameneh Marzban*, Masoud Soleymani-Rad Pages 193-194
  • Maryam Naderi, Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh, Zahra Abdollahi, Mina Minaei, Monierh Aminian, Farideh Nazari, Ariyo Movahedi* Pages 195-204
    Background

    The adequate growth of children is an important phenomenon, having a great impact on the growth and psychological health of children in the future. Nutritional intervention to have a better dietary intake could be affected by geographical and cultural issues. This study aimed to compare the impact of food intervention between the children of two different provinces of Northern and southern area of Iran.

    Methods

    In an interventional study, anthropometric indices of 520 children (205 Bushehr, 315 Rasht) were measured using World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro and Anthro plus software, based on the WHO standards.

    Results

    In Bushehr, a total of 205 children under the age of 5 years were assessed. Before the intervention, about 11% of them were moderately to severely malnourished, based on weight for height, which decreased to about 6% after the intervention. In Rasht, a total of 315 children under the age of 5 were assessed before the intervention; nearly 6% of them were moderately to severely underweight, based on weight for height, which decreased to about 4% after the intervention. Also, there was no significant difference between boys and girls in this index.

    Conclusion

    Due to the relative achievement of the present intervention plan, nutritional education along with these kinds of projects might be useful for Iranian health policy-makers to promote children’s growth.

    Keywords: Anthropometry, Child malnutrition, Obesity, Underweight, Preschool children
  • Fatemeh Jafari, Azadeh Nadjarzadeh, Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi, Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour* Pages 205-211
    Background

    Exceeded weight during the first 1000 days of life can lead to adulthood obesity and health-related problems. In the present study, we aimed to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their related demographic factors in the first year of life in Yazd.

    Methods

    In a cross-sectional study, recorded data of 600 infants were collected from health records of eight health centers of Yazd city using the cluster sampling method. Demographic data and socioeconomic status of the family, breastfeeding duration, and birth order were used. Anthropometrics, including height and weight were interpreted by the categorization developed by WHO as length for age and weight for age. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

    Results

    The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated at 7.3% and 3.5%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between boys (n = 307) and girls (n = 300)(P = 0.15) for weight, while girls had insignificant lower weight (g) (3028.87 ± 496.30 for girls and 3173.72 ± 456.61 for boys). Among different possible determinants, birth order was associated with body mass index status(P = 0.04).

    Conclusions

    A relatively high prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed among infants under one year of age. Although only the order of birth was observed as a related factor, other controllable factors should be considered and monitored by parents and the healthcare system. Further studies are suggested to investigate the related controllable factors.

    Keywords: Infant, Body mass index, Obesity, Yazd
  • Azam Davodi*, Anis Ahadi Pages 212-219
    Background

    The prevalence of obesity in children is increasing in the world and it has become one of the major health problems. Parents are the first people who have the opportunity to shape childchr('39')s eating experiences and habits, including food preferences, attitudes, and eating patterns. This study was conducted to determine the moderating role of parental feeding styles in relation to family psychosocial and social risk factors and childhood obesity in primary school children in 2018-2019 academic year in Shiraz, Iran.

    Methods

    In this study, 298 children aged 6 to 11 years from primary schools in Shiraz were selected using multistage cluster sampling method. Their parents completed the stress-anxiety-depression scale tool and parenting feeding styles questionnaire. The data were analyzed using simultaneous multiple regression analysis, cluster analysis, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

    Results

    The results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the identified risk factors and childchr('39')s body mass index (BMI), as well as the variable effect of feeding styles on the childchr('39')s BMI. The interaction of risk factors on feeding styles indicated that the effect of adjusting feeding styles on childhood obesity was significant due to risk factors.

    Conclusion

    These findings support the moderating role of parental feeding styles in the development or prevention of childhood obesity.

    Keywords: Parental feeding style, Child obesity
  • Adelakun Kehinde Moruff*, Halidu Shafiu Kilishi, Fajobi Enobong Aloysious, Joshua Deji Abiodun Pages 220-225
    Background

    The study was undertaken to determine the phytochemical screening and the antibacterial activities of Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) against some clinically isolated fish pathogens.

    Methods

    The healthy and disease free plants samples were collected from Jebba Upper Basin of River Niger and tested for their antibacterial activities and phytochemical properties. Pistia stratiotes aqueous extract was extracted using sterile distilled water. The Agar diffused methods were used to determine the antimicrobial actions of the plant against fish pathogens of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Vibrio anguillarum.

    Results

    The antibacterial investigation of aqueous extracts revealed the significant activity against these bacterial. Moreover, phytochemical examination of the crude extract showed the occurrence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, and catechins, which completely inhibited the growth of V. anguillarum and E. coli. However, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Aeromonas hydrophila exhibited moderate varying levels of resistance.

    Conclusion

    The finding of this study showed that bioactive resistance from Pistia stratiotes can help disrupt the activities of various fish bacterial in aquaculture practices

    Keywords: Antibacterial, Aqueous extract, Fish, Pathogens, Pistia stratiotes
  • Nouf Humayun, Shahid Bashir, Sidra Khalid* Pages 226-231
    Background

    Anemia, interpreted as a low blood hemoglobin values, was considered as a major health complication in the world.  However, anemia in pregnancy is a global public health problem in the developing countries, posing high risk of adverse results for expecting mothers as well as their fetus. The aim of study was to compare nutrientschr('39') intake among pregnant anemic & non-anemic women.

    Methods

    A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore over a period of 4 months. The data were collected from 150 pregnant women, including 75 anemic and 75 non-anemic women, through pre-tested questionnaire using non-probability convenient sampling method. Data were tabulated and analyzed with help of SPSS version 21.0.

    Results

    Analysis revealed that 34% of women had carbohydrate intake between 0-150 g/day, 44% had protein intake less than 50 g daily, and 36% had daily fat intake between 0-100 g/day. Moreover, 46.7% of the pregnant women were vitamins deficient, 51% were minerals deficient, 52% were iron deficient, 54.7% consumed tea with their meals, 44% had vitamin B3 intake less than 10 mg, 48% had vitamin C intake less than 50 mg, 48% had vitamin A intake between 0-500 RAE, 42% had calcium intake between 0-500 mg, and 31% had iron intake between 0-10 mg.

    Conclusion

    The findings showed that nutrient intake of anemic pregnant women was not sufficient in the protein rich diet; they had high consumption of tea with their meals. Their overall energy intake and micronutrients were less than the required as per recommended dietary allowance in pregnancy.

    Keywords: Nutrients intake, Pregnant anemic women, Low protein diet, Tea, recommended dietary allowance
  • Shahrzad Shokati, Mansour Shahraki, Zahra Kavian*, Mona Afshari Pages 232-238
    Background

    Depression, as the second leading cause of dysfunction, is one of the most common mental health disorders. Given that micronutrients have always played a significant role in all physical and psychological aspects of individuals. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of dietary intake of Selenium, Magnesium, Zinc, and anthropometric profiles with depression in female students at Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran.

    Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, 200 female medical students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences participated. The amount of dietary intake of Selenium, Magnesium, and Zinc were measured by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). For determining the depression score, Beck anxiety questionnaire was administered. To analyze the data, SPSS 22 software was used.

    Results

    The mean of age, body mass index, waist-to hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio were 23.41 ± 2.26 years, 23.54 ± 4.49 kg/m2, 0.85 ± 0.08, and 0.59±0.10, respectively. The mean daily intake of Magnesium, Zinc, and Selenium were 196.37 ± 42.08 mg, 7.38 ± 3.41 mg, and 106.52 ± 31.69 mg, respectively. The mean of depression score was 31.21±10.58. Zinc and Magnesium intake had a significantly strong inverse relationship with depression score and anthropometric indices.

    Conclusions

    The findings showed that Zinc and Magnesium intake as well as anthropometric indices had a significant inverse relationship with depression score. However, the association between Selenium intake and depression score was not significant

    Keywords: Selenium, Magnesium, Zinc, Anthropometric profiles, Depression
  • Ezat Samadipour, Roya Akbarzadeh, Akram Kooshki* Pages 239-245
    Background

    Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common problem in women. Nigella sativa has been suggested for its anti-inflammation and analgesic effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa oil on PMS.

    Methods

    This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 124 female students within the age range of 18-25 years living in the dormitories of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group (IG) rubbed 1-2 drops of Nigella sativa oil on their fontanels at night for sev en days before their three menstrual cycles. The placebo group (PG) rubbed placebo in the same way. After three cycles, pain severity was measured by the visual analog scale. Data analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test and analysis of covariance.

    Results

    The mean age of participants, the mean age of menarche, and the mean age of PMS onset were 20.55 ± 0.2, 13.52 ± 0.15, and 15.35 ± 0.3 years old, respectively. The results showed that Nigella sativa oil reduced the severity of all PMS symptoms except in terms of depression and abdominal bloating in IG compare to the PG.

    Conclusion

    Nigella sativa oil in women with premenstrual syndrome can be a promising, safe, and easily available analgesic supplement.

    Keywords: Premenstrual Syndrome, Nigella sativa, Menstruation
  • Augustin Nawidimbasba ZEBA*, Jean Fidèle Bationo, Olivier Ouahamin Sombié, Jeoffray Diendéré Pages 246-254
    Background

    Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is still a public health problem across the globe and also in Burkina Faso, especially for under-five-years-old children. Since less information is available about the prevalence of VAD among the primary school children, this study aimed to study this area.

    Methods

    A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of high dose of vitamin A (VA) and daily zinc versus high dose of VA and daily zinc placebo (6 days per week) during four months among the primary school children. Of the total number of 200 school children, 100 were allocated to two random groups. Participants’ gender, age, weight, and height were measured, a blood smear was performed for malaria diagnosis, stool samples were collected for intestine parasites’ assessment, and blood samples were collected for haemoglobin and serum retinol measurement.

    Results

    Baseline data of 183 school children were analysed and the findings showed that 20.6% of the school children were underweight (23.2% in girls vs. 16.5% in boys; P = 0.043). Anemia affected 36.2%, 39% had Plasmodium Falciparum, and 37.6% had intestine parasites. Furthermore, VAD prevalence was 46.1% (51.0% in boys vs. 41.2% in girls; P = 0,072).

    Conclusion

    Among primary school children in the Western part of Burkina Faso, VAD is not only higher than other regions of the country, but also twice the critical level and defined as a severe public health problem by WHO. This result calls for action among the primary school children and recalls the importance of taking strategies against VAD among under-five-year-old children.

    Keywords: Vitamin A deficiency, Primary school children, Burkina Faso
  • Tahereh Azimi, Shahryar Eghtesadi*, Behnood Abbasi Pages 255-261
    Background

    Nephrolithiasis is a global health problem that is growing exponentially in the developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the dietary diversity score (DDS) and its association with nutrient adequacy in patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone.

    Methods

    The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 276 male patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone. The validity and reliability of dietary intake was assessed by the 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Based on the USDA Food Guide Pyramid, the five food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits, meats, and dairy products) were used to determine the DDS. The nutrient adequacy ratio and the mean adequacy ratio were calculated using the Recommended International Standards.

    Results

    The mean of the body mass index of the participants was 27.49 ± 4.01 kg/m2. Mean of the total DDS was also 5.62 ± 1.29. Participants in the highest DDS tertile had higher energy and fat intake than those in the lowest tertile (P-trend < 0.05). The highest and lowest DDS were observed in the fruit and vegetable groups: 1.58 ± 0.53 and 0.91 ± 0.29, respectively. The total DDS had a positive correlation with the adequacy of energy intake and macronutrients including protein and fats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the total DDS and the mean adequacy ratio (P < 0.01, r = 0.2).

    Conclusion

    The findings showed that patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone did not have an appropriate level of total DDS (DDS < 6), indicating that they did not receive diverse nutrients.

    Keywords: Dietary diversity score, Nephrolithiasis, Calcium oxalate, Nutrient
  • Seyyed Ahmad Mir Husseini Niri* Pages 262-271
    Background

    The instinct and natural tendency to eat food is an undeniable fact in human and all human beings, even the messengers of Allah and Infallible Imams (A.S) need it in order to keep themselves healthy.

    Methods

    In this review study, using the teachings of the Holy Quran and other Islamic texts, the importance and role of food and healthy nutrition and its role in elevating human beings have been collected.

    Results

    Formally, one of the influential factors in maintaining human’s physical and mental health is his food and maintaining human health to preserve his real perfection and his unique position and dignity among creatures is mostly based on pure and healthy food. Allah has considered all human aspects in the Holy Quran, the ذook of human guidance and prosperity, and not neglecting, for example, his need of food, he has offered some guidance to meet this need. The Quran’s criteria for choosing food are its lawfulness and purity.

    Conclusion

    Considering the fact that “pure” means being pleasurable and good to eat, one of the interpretations offered in this article is that the man should avoid eating foods that are against human nature due to its being inconsistent with intact divine nature of human.

    Keywords: Food, Lawful, Pure, Impure, Nature, Health, Quran
  • Jeyran Ostovarfar, Somayeh Zare, Mohammad Hossein Kaveh*, Maral Ostovarfar, Fatemeh Eftekharian, Mouhebat Vali Pages 272-285
    Background

    The content of nutrition education and the process of behavioral change should be designed based on the principles of educational for achieving behavioral goals. This systematic study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition interventions designed mainly by health educational and promotional theory and models.

    Methods

    The PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched using the following keywords “nutrition behavior” or “food behavior” or “dietary behavior” and “model” or “theory” and “intervention” or “predict” from 2013 up to April 2018 in English Language.

    Results

    Regarding the inclusion criteria, 25 interventional studies were assessed of 3090 primary screened investigations. Social Cognitive Theory, Empowerment model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Health Belief Model were mostly used in the investigated studies. Most target groups in these studies were school students and women. In the field of constructs, self-efficacy and attitude mainly applied in studies seem to be the most important for researchers. In the field of educational methods, group educational methods in the forms of lectures, group discussions, and brainstorming were mainly applied by researchers.

    Conclusion

    To change eating behaviors, the study framework, duration of training, and correct training method should be designed according to the target group as well as appropriate theory and models

    Keywords: Theory, Model, Intervention, Nutrition