Journal of nephropathology
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Oct 2021

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes patients. There is ample evidence that the inflammatory pathways are central to both diabetes and DN. Several studies that examined the link between the interleukin-10 (IL10) polymorphisms and DN risk yielded conflicting results.

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the associations between IL10 promoter polymorphisms and DN risk.

A bibliographic search was carried out on PubMed, Google scholar and Web of Science from the beginning until July 30, 2020. Association between IL10 promoter variants (-1082 A>G, -819 C>T and -592 C>A) and DN risk were assessed by considering diabetes without nephropathy (DWN) as well as healthy controls. Data were retrieved and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated.

For the IL10 -1082 A> G analysis, a total of 4 studies with DWN controls (682 cases and 529 controls) and 5 studies with healthy controls (1025 cases and 1625 controls) were considered. For the IL10 -819 C> T analysis, a total of three studies with DWN controls (9619 cases and 445 controls) and 5 studies with healthy controls (1005 cases and 1537 controls) were considered. For the IL10 -592 C> T analysis, a total of 5 studies with DWN controls (819 cases and 645 controls) and 5 studies with healthy controls (1005 cases and 1537 controls) were considered. In addition, there was no evidence of publication bias for IL10 promoter variants. No substantial association was observed between IL10 promoter variants and DN risk.

Our study signifies that polymorphisms of IL10 -1082 A>G, -819 C>T and -592 C>A are not linked with DN risk.

Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 represents usually a variety range of symptoms related to influenza-like syndrome and respiratory tract infections. Likewise, kidney involvement and acute kidney injury (AKI) were reported in many previous studies. Although a hypovolemic circulation would be the most common reason in patients with AKI, some strong proofs are suggesting a cytokine storm due to immune system exaggeration and inflammation-mediated tubular injury in COVID-19 infections. The inflammatory response in cytokine storm leads to the high release of cytokines mostly including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, INFγ, IL-2, IL-7, and endothelial mediators. The main culprits in the AKI and consequent organ failure are resident leukocytes in specific tissues, activated following the cytokine release, and systemic inflammatory response. AKI management and cytokine profile evaluation should be highly emphasized in patients with COVID-19 to prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease or permanent renal failure. Treatment options in COVID-19 regarding no specific drugs should be supportive and based on stabilizing the patients; however, combination therapy with different antiviral have shown promising outcomes. As a result, utilizing the anti-TNFα and anti-IL-1 agents should be noticed if indicated. Additionally, the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative approach.

The stable level of morbidity in the Russian Federation of pregnant women with gestational arterial hypertension (GAH) and as a consequence of the disability of women of working age and their offspring actualizes the search for early ultrasound markers of kidney damage as a target organ urgent.

Despite the variety of publications on ultrasound semiotics of the kidneys, there are no specific biometric parameters of the kidneys in pregnant women without somatic pathology, which actualizes this study. Patients and

A comprehensive clinical examination of 183 outpatients and inpatients (mean age 27.9 ± 4.7 years) with gestational hypertension performed.

There is a significant increase in the volume of the right kidney, the left kidney shape index, the diameter of the renal calyces and pelvis, the coefficient of asymmetry, the ratio of the diameter of the renal calyces to the volume of the right kidney with an increase in the degree of gestational hypertension.

Structural changes of kidneys are interconnected with hemodynamic parameters observed and can be expressed by mathematical model.

Immunological monitoring could indirectly measure the suppressive effects of the drugs and provide early guidance on necessary preventive interventions in transplant recipients.

Our goal was to determine whether mycophenolic acid (MPA) modulates peripheral blood lymphocyte T in kidney transplant recipients. Patients and

We assessed T lymphocytes CD3, CD4 and CD8 in peripheral blood in 30 donors and 35 recipients one day before and 10 days after transplantation using Becton Dickinson’s direct immune fluorescent light.

Comparisons showed that the number of T lymphocytes CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ in peripheral blood of transplant recipients were lower than donors (TCD3 was 1690.31±503.45 versus 2280.73± 522.48; TCD4 was 549.51 ±211.72 cell/µL versus 766.37± 341.72 cell/µL and CD8 was 1134.37 ±431.07 cell/µL versus 1523.4± 349.23 cell/µL with P<0.001; P=0.001 and P= 0.0002 respectively). Additionally, post-transplantation lymphocytes TCD4 decreased in 10/35 of recipients and increased in 22/35 of recipients (P=0.036).

The T lymphocytes CD3, CD4 and CD8 in peripheral blood should be monitored at multiple post-transplant times to make early predictions of transplant rejection during follow-up treatment.

Renal damage is a common clinical manifestation in diabetic patients. Therefore, nephroprotective effect is a desirable property for an antidiabetic agent. Natural compounds belonging to Terminalia phillyreifolia (TP) owing to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity may prove to be such agents.

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate methanolic extract of TP bark for its antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and nephroprotective effect in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus and nephropathy in rats.

Diabetic male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; namely, normal control, disease control, standard (NPH insulin, subcutaneously), BE100 (bark extract 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and BE300 (bark extract 300 mg/kg, orally). Treatment was continued for 8 weeks. Plasma glucose levels, oxidative stress parameters, serum creatinine levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, per day urine output, urinary protein excretion (UPE) and kidney hypertrophy index were determined at appropriate time points.

Untreated animals developed severe hyperglycemia and major disturbance in renal function. Rats in standard and BE treated groups had significantly lower plasma glucose levels and oxidative stress markers as compared to disease control animals. BE rats also exhibited nearly normal urine volumes indicating better glomerular filtration rate. They had lower urinary protein, serum creatinine, BUN levels and lower renal hypertrophy index as compared to untreated animals.

TP Bark extract corrected the hyperglycaemia and exerted protective effect against diabetes induced renal damage in rats, which may be partly due to its anti-oxidant effect. Therefore, TP extract can be further evaluated as potential antidiabetic therapy

A disturbed calcium-phosphate balance is an important issue for kidney stone formation in nephrolithiasis. Hypercalciuria (HC) has been proposed as an essential etiology of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE).

We may suspect that patients with MNE may be at risk of stone formation hence the objective of this paper was to assess the risk in MNE children using Bonn Risk Index (BRI). Patients and

The urinary work-up of 204 children (83 with MNE and 121 controls) included urinary calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) excretion, Ca/creatinine ratio, BRI, ionized calcium (Ca2+), Mg/creatinine and Ca/citrate ratios, urinary citrates and oxalates (Ox).

Ca/creatinine and Mg/creat ratios were higher in the MNE group. There were no differences in Mg and Ca amount in urine and Mg/Ca ratio between MNE and the reference group. Both groups differed in Mg and Ca excretion per kg of body mass. MNE children differed from controls regarding BRI, Ox and urinary Ca2+. No differences in urinary citrate excretion nor Ca/citrate ratio between MNE and the controls were found. Correlations between factors important in the crystallization process in MNE children were recorded.

MNE patients may be at risk of oxalate nephrolithiasis. Further studies to assess the role of the BRI and Ca/citrate ratio in predicting stone formation in MNE children are needed.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a recognized cause of renal disease worldwide. The collapsing variant is distinct from the others, characterized clinically by a more severe nephrotic syndrome generally resistant to immunosuppressive therapy. It is known that a great number of patients progress to end-stage renal disease. Recognizing this lesion in biopsy is frequently challenging owing to the focal nature of the process which highlights the need for keeping a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis. We report and discuss a case of a non-HIV collapsing FSGS, followed by a complete (unexpected) renal recovery after an oral corticosteroid course.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated disease characterized by fibroinflammatory tumor-like masses that show the peculiar morphological features of storiform fibrosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates rich in IgG4 positive plasma cells and obliterans phlebitis. The disease affects virtually any organ or apparatus and is often associated with increased serum IgG4 levels. Many previously described conditions (e.g. autoimmune pancreatitis, Mikulicz’s syndrome, Küttner’s tumor, and Riedel’s thyroiditis) are now classified to be part of IgG4-RD with the characteristic clinic, serologic and pathologic features. The kidney represents an important target-organ of the disease, mainly as tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). Nevertheless, some cases of glomerular disease, especially membranous glomerulonephritis (MNG), have been described in IgG4-related TIN. We report a case of IgG4-related kidney disease in which the two pathological patterns, TIN and MNG, were observed simultaneously in the same biopsy.

Fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) is a rare glomerular disease. The prognosis is usually unfavorable with nearly half of patients progressing to end-stage renal disease within 4 years. We report a case of biopsy-proven FGN characterized by an unusual benign clinical course in which a kidney biopsy, repeated after an extended follow-up of 26 years, confirmed the presence of fibrils deposition. In 1993, a 32-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to our nephrology ward because of macroscopic hematuria. Renal function was normal. Kidney biopsy displayed an FGN with mesangial pattern. The patient was treated with lisinopril, titrated for blood pressure; the therapy was maintained during 26 years of follow-up. The yearly slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate was -3.17 mL/ min). Starting from March 2018, a rapid worsening of renal function was observed and proteinuria increased up to a nephrotic range. We planned a second renal biopsy to assess the cause of the rapid change of clinical course. The diagnosis of FGN on advanced sclerosis was made, and the severity of glomerular sclerosis. We report a case of FGN with an unusually benign clinical course, characterized by a slow progression to end-stage renal disease over a very extended follow-up time; thus, to better clarify the reason for renal function worsening, a second renal biopsy was performed. The persistence of fibrils deposition confirmed the initial diagnosis of FGN, and a histological pattern characterized by global glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis has been observed.