نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 53، تابستان 1400)

The purpose of this study was the effect of 90 sport program in Iranian football referees regarding sport program 90. Method of data collection was a questionnaire that prepared by the researcher the Validity of the instrument was confirmed through consulting 15 scholars. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated 0.82.Also, 180 Referees and assistant referees in the Pro League and one category league were the population for this study. 123 Questionnaires were distributed in a completely randomized. We use One-sample t-test to identify the sample mean. The results showed that sport program90 had positively and negatively effect on Referees and assistant referees. Referees and assistant referees both positive and negative attitudes toward sport program90.On the positive dimension (77%) from a sample of 123 subject’s believed that controversial players and coaches during competition introduced to the referees. Also, about 67 percent of them believe that the program has led referees to cover their weaknesses. Finally, the 90 sports program with accurate expertise of the referees performance in each match and covering the positive points of the referees judgment can help reduce the referees mistakes and improve the their performance.

The aim of study was examine the relationship between human capital of faculty members and physical education students educational achievement in university of Tehran. The research method was descriptive, which was carried out by field method. The statistical population was 320, the statistical sample with Cochran formula 175 person selected. The research instrument was the Naderi human capital questionnaire. by content validity method, validity of questionnaire confirmed by human capital experts and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha (0.978) obtained. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (abundance percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test, partial correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression) was used. The results showed. (1) there was significant and positive correlation, between human capital of faculty members and students educational achievement(r=0.452). (2) there was significant and positive correlation, between the components of human capital of faculty members, cognitive skill (r=0.512), meta-cognitive (r=0.396) and communicational-emotional (r=0.488) with students educational achievement. (3) Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that components of human capital, cognitive skill with multiple correlational coefficient (R=0.812) and meta-cognitivecompetences(R=0.645), communicational-emotional (R=0.578) can predict students educational achievement. So we can conclude that whatever human capital of faculty members be more we can see better educational achievement in students.

This study aims at Modelling and Prioritizing the Barriers to Hosting International Sport Mega Event in Iran which was carried out in a field descriptive-survey method. The statistical population consisted of Ministry of sport and youth managers to the level of deputy, board of directors of national Olympic committee, members of the organizing students twelfth Olympiad in Shahid Beheshti university nagers to the level of deputy (ant ust GHahfarrokhi, senior executives sports federations in the Olympic Games, Asian Games and World Cup other disciplines (25 federations), consisted of president, vice president and secretary of the federation  that sum was equal to 134. In this study, we used the total number of samples due to the limited number of community members, so the sample was equal to the statistical population. The measuring tool was a questionnaire, which had been confirmed by the supervision of professors and experts of physical education, and its stability was acquired through the Cronbach's alpha (α=0.86). The descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic characteristics and the Friedman test was used to prioritize the study variables. The results indicate that the weakness of Infrastructural facilities and Economical of the most important Barriers to the hosting international sport mega events and then Socio-Cultural and Environmental barriers had the greatest impact in the barriers of hosting international mega events sporting. Survey barriers to hosting could enable hosting applicant organization and country executive sport until to identify weaknesses and defects in this part, and develop effective strategic plan for hosting event in future.

The aim of this study was to present a pattern for the effect of psychological skills on management skills and selection the management pattern of sport managers in Isfahan. .The method of this research was descriptive – correlation. For this purpose 199 people of 405 sport managers were evaluated as statistical sample. The required information was collected through management patterns questionnaire by bass (1996), management skills and Psychic skills researcher made questionnaire. Path analysis was used for the analysis. The results showed that psychological skills affect on management skills and selection of management pattern of sport managers. Management skills also influenced the management patterns. In fact, the results indicate the suitability of structural equation model. (AGFI=0.90, GFI= 0.90, RMSEA= 0.055). There was no significant difference and the dominant leadership style of managers was transformational style. Based on findings suggest that sport managers enhance their psychic skills so that they can perform their duties properly. Also in choose of sport managers be considered the model proposed in this study as a guide.

Today, the football players' transfer market is internationalized. The purpose of this study was to identify the indices of the international transfer market for Iranian footballers through qualitative research method and using the theme analysis. The statistic population was consisted of transferred players, the managers of the clubs that players were transferred during their management, Presidents and Secretaries of the current and former Football Federation, agents of players, Academic members with simultaneous marketing and football expertise, Faculty members with simultaneous expertise in marketing and football, Senior managers of sport, And sampling was unpredictable in both targeted and snowball mode.This study lasted for 10 months (January 2016 to December 2016 or Persian date from Bahman 1394 to Azar 1395). The results of the study led to the identification of 62 indicators in six main themes, namely, the role of the of the technical performance of the player, the role of the player's non-technical factors, the role of the national federation, the role of the club, the role of the government and the role of the player's agent in the international transfer market for Iranian footballers. At the end, the findings of this study can be used as a criterion to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the dimensions of the international football transfer market.

The main objective of land management and planning is to distribute economic, social, demographic and hidden and capacious processes according to changes in time and needs. Determination the optimal location for sport places is an important task of urban planners and decision-makers, this study was conducted with the purpose of the spatial distribution of sports venues by using geographic information system and according to the data, obtain desired pattern for new sports venues. This study was descriptive- analytic and applied that by the field method was carried out in the study Karaj metropolis was conducted fieldwork area. Study includes indoor swimming pools available for public (27 cases). In analyzing the metrics, analysis of hierarchical location was valued. The geo reference of geographical data in the GIS software Formed, Using the overlay function layers based on the relative weight (derived from pairwise comparisons), research study area was divided into five levels, and the position of each of the indoor swimming pools over the whole surface was measured. At the end the areas that were in pretty good range introduced as places for construction of new sport facilities. The results showed that spatial distribution of Karaj pools is more favorable and appropriate. Finally based on results, introduced 11 locations for construction of new pools.

The aim of this study was to use of Gray Cluster Analyze (GCA) Method in Site Selection of Sport Places in Cessation Spatial status. The study area of research was three regions 5, 6 and 13 of Isfahan city (Iran) that has 34% of total area and 21% of total population of Isfahan city. For data analyzing was used of Excel, Arc/GIS, Arc/View and Auto Cad software and also coding in MATLAB, and for site selection in cessation spatial was presented a algorithm by Gray Cluster Analyze  Method. Results show that by according to complexity of urban texture and non stable for criteria of site selection of sport places, Gray Cluster Analyze can present valid outcome by controlling all criteria simultaneously, that this issue is impossible in other methods.

The current study intended to design a model for the role of factors shaping the atmosphere of futsal halls on satisfaction and behavioral tendencies of Iranian Futsal Super League spectators. This study was an applied descriptive research conducted as a field research. The statistical population of the study included all spectators over 15 years of age who had participated in Futsal Super League Championship (2016). A sample of 397 individuals were selected according to Morgan's table. The research instruments included Behavioral Tendencies Questionnaire (Brady et al., 2005) and Satisfaction Scale. The authors also developed an Atmosphere Questionnaire on three levels (macro, middle, and micro). In order to analyze the data, partial least squares and Smart PLS3 software were utilized. The findings of the study demonstrated that the middle, micro, and macro dimensions respectively have the highest role in explaining the variance of the futsal salons atmosphere (path coefficient of 0.981, 0.940 and 0.848 respectively). Based on path analysis, it was determined that the salon`s atmosphere is significantly associated with satisfaction of the spectators and their behavioral tendencies. Additionally, Sobel test showed that 23 percent of the total effect of atmosphere on behavior tendencies of spectators is indirectly explained based on the mediating role of satisfaction (p<0.05). Therefore, it is essential that clubs and their managersdo their best so as to promote the atmosphere of salons through quantitatively and qualitatively enhancing the services to fans as the main capital of the club in an attempt to facilitate their satisfaction and reappearance in Hall.

The purpose of this study was to introducing performance appraisal questionnaire for sports federations. The research method was a mixed method that combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Population of study was experts assessing the performance of sports federations at the Ministry of Sport (10 people), heads, evaluators and Secretaries of the sports federation in Iran (100 people) and University elite who have done research in the field of management and performance evaluation in sport (50 people). The number of samples continued to reach the theoretical saturation for the interview (25people). In the quantitative phase, 130 questionnaires were collected. In order to analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SmartPLS3 software were used. 124 questions were categorized into 32 sub-criteria and 9 criteria that included: Leadership (18 questions), Strategy (13 questions), Human resources (17 questions), Partnership and Resources (17 questions), Processes, Products and Services (18 questions), Customer Results (12 questions), Human resources Results (11 questions), Society Results (7 questions) and Key Results (11 questions). The results of this study showed that the performance appraisal (evaluation) questionnaire of sports federations is an appropriate theoretical framework and tool for evaluating organizational performance in sports federations. It is suggested that managers and researchers in sport management use this questionnaire to evaluate the performance of sports federations.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies of factors affecting the development of sports tourism in Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of all scientific research articles focusing on sports tourism in sport management publications. A total of 59 articles on sports tourism were published until September 2019. After reviewing the articles, according to the preliminary meta-analysis processes, 27 articles were selected as those that met the entry criteria for the meta-analysis calculations. These articles were analyzed using version 2 of CMA. The results of the systematic review of the articles showed that the research in this field was mainly descriptive-analytical. The meta-analysis findings indicated that six variables are involved in the development of sports tourism. These variables respectively are tourism and natural attractions, advertising and marketing factors, infrastructure and facilities factors, factors related to events, social-cultural factors, and management factors. In addition to these variables, the variable of quality of transport and services also had the necessary condition for entering into the meta-analysis calculations but the results showed that it did not have a significant impact on the development of sports tourism. In a general conclusion, it seems that all of the above variables are like interrelated factors and each of these factors can be the basis for or complement to another. This indicates that one factor alone cannot contribute to the development of sports tourism and that special attention should be paid to all the above.

Seasonality of tourism is obvious, especially in cold tourism destinations which is so called winter tourism destination. The purpose of present study was to discover a theoretical structure & deliver a comprehensive pattern about seasonality phenomenon of sport tourism destinations in Ardabil province. This study is a practical one. It's worth mentioning that our study was conducted in a new field & no comprehensive investigation has been done which covers overview of seasonality about sport tourism destinations. Thus, this research was conducted using qualitative approach and based on systematic around theory method. Statistical population of this study consisted sport management experts, tourism and economy experts, department of cultural heritage & tourism managers, department of Sport & youth managers, provincial government managers, municipality managers, parliament members & tourism agencies managers of Ardabil province. Mixed of some theoretical sampling methods were utilized to select the samples of this study, qualitative interviews were conducted to gather information in our study. Data and codes reached theoretical saturation following 21 interviews. Statistics analysis were conducted systematically by using thematic analysis method in Nvivo 12 Plus software. Finally, 75 codes were identified after analyzing data which were classified in 6 main classes based on their importance. The results of present study provide the politicians & planners of this province with adequate approaches to expedite the process of developing tourism destinations economically in Ardabil Province.

The purpose of this paper is the study of Iran’s law related to the Iranian women sports activities. This study is a descriptive research and the main source of study is the Iran’s Law passed from the beginning of the Islamic Revolution till 2016. Studying of the laws shows that in passing the laws, sports activities of the women is not directly mentioned in Constitution of Iran and other laws and legislator only pointed out to the social affairs. As sex segregation is not done in these laws it implies that they are applicable for all people and they are passed for women and men equally. On the other hand the sex segregation is applied in other laws in favor of women which possibly means that these laws are passed due to shortage of the other law’s enforcement and existence of discrimination in executing the laws. Hence in regards of the passing the laws it could be concluded that at least there is no main issues however in executing the laws, deficiency is witnessed because of shortage of the laws enforcement that even passing new laws in favor of women could not resulted any extensive improvement in women’s sports activities.

Today, sports diplomacy is one of the types of public diplomacy that has a special place in the foreign policy of countries. The special circumstances of the Islamic Republic of Iran redouble the need for effective sports diplomacy. Governments after the Islamic Revolution have always sought to use the capabilities of soft power, but they have not been effective in this regard and or they have faced various challenges. The use of correct and effective sports diplomacy can help politicians to achieve their political goals, especially in the field of international relations and world peace. The main question of this research is what was the position of sports diplomacy in Iranian governments after the Islamic Revolution? In this research, the position of sports diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran after the Islamic Revolution that has been studied by descriptive-analytical method and using library and documentary sources. The results showed that Iranian sports diplomacy does not follow a specific trend and pattern, but as time goes on since the beginning of the revolution, governments, regardless of their political positions, have resorted to using this diplomacy to their advantage.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to survey the relationship between the endorsement of famous athletes with brand loyalty in customers of non-sporting goods. this descriptive study was a correlational and purposeful type. The statistical population of the study is buyers of sporting and non-sport products endorsed by Ali Daei (including Karmikhan Office). Given the uncertainty in the size of the population, the sample size was determined by the Cochran formula of 207 people. The data gathering tool was Brian Stein and Zhang (2005), and consumer literacy standard questionnaire. Brandy (2006). To analyze the findings, descriptive statistics indices such as frequency, mean and for inferential statistics of the Kolomograf Smirnov test to determine the natural distribution of the scores and to assess the relationship between the variables under Pearson correlation coefficient were used for SPSS software. Amos software was also used to design the research communication model. Pearson correlation test results showed, there was a positive correlation between the ability to be a star, a loving personality, a source of Attractiveness and professional honesty ("Ali Daei") and loyalty to the brand of products (p ≤ 0.01). But there was no correlation between the confirmation personality type (Ali Daei) and the loyalty to the brand of products (p≤ 0.01).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the brainwaves, arousal, and pleasure on the decision to purchase the sports service industry. In terms of purpose, the study was an applied one which was done Semi-experimentally. The statistical sample of this study was 40 volunteers (20 women and 20 men) from students of physical education in the age range of 25 to 35 years. In order to provide the research tool, those images which were following research strategies were prepared and their content validity was confirmed by 10 sports marketing experts. An Electroencephalography device, a two-category questionnaire, and some self-assessment Manikins were used respectively to record the waves, to measure the purchasing decision and to measure arousal and pleasure. Matlab 2013 b software was used for extracting data. By using the SPSS 22 software, the descriptive and inferential statistical methods including analysis of variance with repeated measures and logistic regression were used to analyze data. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P <0.05) between the power of alpha wave in the frontal region of the brain in charitable strategies, validation, advertising and discount. Also, it was shown that the Neuropsychological responses explain a significant percentage of a consumer purchasing decisions. Therefore, marketers and researchers can provide more effective promotional activities for consumers based on their neuropsychological responses.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Good Governance indicators in explaining Human Resources Development of youth and sport offices of Kerman province. This study was a descriptive-correlative type that was administered as a field study. The population of this study included all employees of Youth and Sports offices of Kerman Province (N=252), that among them 151 persons selected by cluster sampling method. After determining validity and reliability, in order to data gathering use of Good Governance and Human Resources Development questionnaires. The data analyzed by method Partial Least Square. Findings indicated that six dimensions of Good Governance namely Conclusion, Effectiveness of Roles and Tasks, Promotion of Values, Transparency, Capacity Building and Accountability has a direct and significant impact on Human Resources Development of youth and sport offices. According to the findings of this study, suggested to the experts Sport and Youth offices do provide the necessary context for the implementation of the principles of good governance model for human resource development in these offices.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of brand credibility on brand loyalty and purchase intention of brand with investigation the mediating role of viral marketing in table tennis brands. The research method was correlational from type of structural equation modeling; in terms of objectives, it was an applied research conducted and data collection in a field study. The research population include all the consumers of table tennis brands in west and east Azerbaijan provinces. With considering the dropping rate, 400 questionnaires distributed among the consumers through simple sampling and yielded 377 complete appropriately responded questionnaires. Brand credibility were measured by a questionnaire adapted from Erdem & Swait (1998), viral marketing were measured by a questionnaire adapted from Sweeney & Swait (2008) questionnaire, and behavioral variables of brand were measured by a questionnaire adapted Foroudi, Jin, Gupta, Foroudi, & Kitchen (2018) questionnaire. In order to present the research model, and also examining convergence and divergence validity, the Smart PLS software was applied. This study showed that brand managers should improve their brand credibility through product specialization and brand trustworthiness by improving product quality in order to improve brand behavioral variables.

The purpose of this study was to explain the functions of video media in the development of high school students' motor literacy. The statistical population of the study was determined based on its executive nature and the exact number of people was not known using Morgan table of 384 high school students in Tehran. To collect data, two questionnaires were used on the role of visual media in the development of sports and health taken from research (Niknam, 1392 and Randall, 1382) and the standard questionnaire of motor literacy (Vahdani, 1394). Also, the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by sports management and media experts and their reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. Findings showed that there is a significant difference between the mean score of media performance and motor literacy and all their components with the hypothetical mean. Also, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between media function and its components with motor literacy and media function components have the ability to predict 44% of changes in motor literacy. Finally, it is clear that the structural model of the relationship between the two main variables of the research has a significant fit. According to the findings, it can be said that officials, parents and related persons by focusing on the function of visual media in the field of sports, can promote the growth and development of motor literacy of students and adolescents and thus expand the culture of providing appropriate content in society, So that parents can use this content to have a good plan for their children and their future.