نشریه عصب روانشناسی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 24، بهار 1400)

Executive functions are excellent cognitive functions that guide other cognitive activities of the brain. Executable functions help the individual to perform his learning tasks and intelligence operations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation of executive functions on improving the academic performance of probative students.

The present study was a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of all probation students of Razi University of Kermanshah. A simple random sampling method was used to select 40 students. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control. The mean of the last semester was used as a pre-test and The mean of the current semester was used as a post-test. The experimental group was involved in cognitive rehabilitation intervention using the captain log program (10 sessions and 2 sessions a week) and the control group did not receive intervention during this period. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. . The results of the data show that there was a significant difference between the two groups after the cognitive rehabilitation exercises in the mean score (0.01). Thus, it can be concluded that the cognitive rehabilitation of the executive functions Improving the academic performance of probative students has a significant effect.

The aim of the present study was to examine the “effectiveness of Captain's Log Cognitive Rehabilitation Program on Visual Working Memory, Attention Skills, Processing Speed and Fluid Reasoning of Students ages 8-12 years in Isfahan”. The research method was a randomized controlled trial design with pretest-posttest, follow-up, and control group. The research population consisted of 8-12-year-old students in the 2019-2020 academic years. 30 students were selected by the available sampling method, were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n=15). For collecting data, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Ed. (2014) (WISC-V) was used. Fifteen 30- minute sessions were performed individually on experimental group members while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS23 and repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings indicated a significant difference among posttest scores of the two groups (p < 0.05). Results also remained constant after one- month follow-up stage. According to the results, it can be concluded that the Captain’s Log program might be an effective intervention to improve visual working memory, attention skills, processing speed, and fluid reasoning.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback on sleep quality and anxiety in people with coronary artery disease.

The statistical population of the present study was all patients referred to counseling and psychology centers in Tehran Region 5 in 2020. In the present study, 18 people were randomly selected from Nedaye Daroon Psychological Counseling Center and placed in two experimental and control groups. Participants were assessed using the Petersburg (1989) Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988) Sleep Quality Scale. The participants in the experimental group were then treated with neurofeedback for 15 one-hour sessions and the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the differences between the control and experimental groups were effective in the components of sleep quality, sleep disorders, sleeping pills, and daily dysfunction. In other words, neurofeedback therapy reduced the scores of these components, but this treatment had an effect on other components. Was not significant and also the number of anxiety scores in the post-test of the experimental group decreased significantly.

Considering the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on increasing the quality of sleep and reducing anxiety in individuals, this treatment can be used in the form of treatment programs in coronary conditions.

Computer games, due to their expansion and popularity, have become one of the favorite topics of researchers in the field of brain and its function. The aim of this study was to evaluate computer skills in computer games and to examine the two networks of anterior and posterior attention.

The present study is a quasi-experimental method and two groups of profetional and notice participate in computer games. participant in both groups responded to the task during the EEG recording. The components studied in this study were the P1 component in the posterior attentional network and the posterior area and the PP2 component in the anterior attentional network and pre-forehead areas.

The results showed that the two profetional groups and so on are different in response to computer games and the notice group showed more activity in the face of stimuli. While the profetional group performed better and used both attention networks simultaneously. The results also showed that the two anterior and posterior attentional networks act differently in the face of stimuli, and the anterior network is more active in focusing attention.

According to the obtained results, it can be said that computer games are associated with less activity and better but non-specialized performance in the brain, and this difference can be clearly seen in the anterior attention network.

The purpose of this study was comparing executive functions in patient with schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorders with normal individual.

The research design was post- facto. The sample of this study included 32 patients with schizophrenia disorders, 31 patient’s OCD in Shahid Lavasani Hospital and 30 participants from normal population. The color-word Stroop test, the N-back test, and the Wisconsin Cards Sorting Test were also used to collect the research data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.

The results of this study showed significant differences between the groups in selective attention and in the number of correct responses, so that the normal group had higher scores than patient groups and OCD group achieved higher scores schizophrenic group. In shift attention (completed trials and correct responses) the results showed that the normal group had higher scores that patient groups, and OCDs achieved higher scores than schizophrenics. However, in preservation subscale, the schizophrenic patients were higher than OCD and normal groups. Finally, in working memory, difference between the groups didn’t reach significant.

The results of this study revealed higher attention deficits in schizophrenia and OCD patients in comparison to normal controls. Furthermore, schizophrenics had poorer function on selective and shifting attention than OCD patients.

The aim of this study was to determining the net effect and combined effect of two Mindful Breath awareness and Muscle Relaxation (MBMR) and Cranio-Electro Stimulation (CES) techniques on improving the sleep quality of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The present study is a randomized, three-group, double-blind, clinical trial of mixed inter-intra-subject design. The sample of the study included 30 patients with type 2 diabetes who were purposefully selected from Bonab Diabetes Association and were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 people of MBMR, CES, and MBMR+CES and in 10 single sessions, they received their group related interventions. Patients sleep quality were evaluated in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up, with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The collected data were analyzed by SPANOVA test, analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

According to the results, all three interventions used were effective in reducing sleep problems over time. The most immediate effect occurred with the lowest stability for MBMR treatment, and the highest effect and stability of the effect occurred for MBMR+CES combined therapy.

Therefore, the study found the combined application of two techniques, MBMR and CES (20 minutes, 100 µA and 0.5 Hz), to be effective and safe for rapid and stable sleep quality improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes.

One of the topics that is important in many sports skills is the Psychological refractory period that is a delay in responding to stimuli that are presented in short intervals. The aim of recent research is the effect of number of simulation-response and Stimulus Onset Asynchrony on Psychological refractory period in athlete and non- athlete person.

This research is a semi-experiment and field of fundamental-applied research. 15 athletes and 15 non-athlete students of university (22.25±1.08 years) were selected by convenience targeted sampling. The instrument was Serial Reaction Time Measuring Apparatus, msi notebook and Annett Hand Preference Questionnaire. From all participants, task test the taken using a psychological refractory period included the number of different response stimuli (one, two, four and eight) for the first and second stimuli and four time intervals (100,200,400 and 600 milliseconds) between the two stimuli. data using analysis of oneway variance tests of 4×4×2 with repeated measures with Bonferroni test were used.

The results showed that at more time intervals and in the number of stimuli-less responses, there was a shorter psychological refractory period. Also, there is a significant difference between the athletes and non-athletes in the number of stimulus-response eight-choice.

It seems that in more number of stimulus-responses, according to Welfard's single-channel theory, because the later channel is empty, a longer Psychological refractory period occurs. Athletes, due to the experience of more challenges in exercise and the Preparation neuropsychology muscular system, in more difficult tasks, they perform better than non-athletes.

Inadequate behavior and difficulty eating can cause some children with autism to become obese. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of active video games on the cognitive executive functions of the brain in children with autism with obesity.

The research method is semi-experimental and applied. Twenty high-functioning children with autism with a BMI above 30 participated in the study. The pre-test included Digit span task and trail making test that took place before the intervention sessions began. The experimental group practiced for six weeks, two sessions per week, and 30 minutes each session to practice active video games. The payment. The participants in the control group did not play any computer or digital games. The analysis of covariance was used to compare pretest and posttest. The covariance analysis test was used to compare pretest and post-test.

The results showed that the effect of intervention (active video games) on the Digit span task (p=0.003, f=12.45), trail making A (p=0.034, f=5.293) and the trail making B (p=0.001, f=32.21) is significant.

In a general conclusion, it can be said that a 6-week intervention period (12 sessions) of active video games affects the executive cognitive functions (Digit span task and trail making) of children with autism with Obesity.