نشریه تحقیقات تمثیلی در زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 49 (پاییز 1400)

Allegory is one of the most widely used tools for education for a long time. God in His heavenly books, prophets in preaching and instruction, and educators and teachers in conveying concepts and teaching use allegory to communicate with their audiences in indirect and effective ways.The present study attempted to first discover the allegories used in the adolescents’ novel “The Upside Down River” (La rivière à l'envers) by Jean-Claude Mourlevat; and then examine the structure, method, and techniques of allegories in it. While introducing the narrative-educational allegory, it was found that Mourlevat has used four methods to present allegories. These include homology, highlighting language and ambiguity in speech, engaging the five senses in fixing the events of the subconscious mind, and benefiting from mythical characters and archetypes. The allegories used in “The Upside Down River” are so deep and interpretable that the human mind lays down its weapon of consciousness in front of them and understands the allegory by activating the subconscious mind. This makes the adolescent audience have more empathy with the main character of the story, and in addition to indulging, to make it their role model.

In the present era, the nascent science of psychology has been able to rely on various theories of thinkers in this science, to provide new windows for researchers and critics, including the analysis of the inner worlds of writers of classical and contemporary texts in the field of Persian literature. Is. Accordingly, the main structure of this article is formed with the above approach and pursues two main goals. The first is to discover and identify the needs and meta-harms of Saeb Tabrizi's personality based on humanistic theory and the second is to study Saeb's allegorical approach in expressing these characteristics. In order to achieve these two goals, the words and poems that the poet has dealt with in his lyric poetry due to two important features of the Indian style, namely eloquence and the discovery of new themes, have been used. In this method, 364 lyric poems from The divan has been selected and examined based on Morgan table and using simple random sampling from among 6995 sonnets. Accordingly, after expressing information about allegory, its function and branches, the subject of personality and its meaning are explained, and then 18 cases of paralysis and meta-harm mentioned by Maslow are extracted from Saeb's court and his allegorical approach in expressing this characteristic ‌ Have been reviewed and analyzed. In this research, which has a descriptive-analytical approach, while explaining the limitations and meta-harms of the poet's personality as a self-fulfilling human being, an attempt has been made to answer the basic question of whether Saeb succeeds in using an allegorical approach to express the issues and meta-harms of his personality. have been?

Allegory is used as one of the most important literary tools to express various lyrical, didactic, epic, mystical and ... concepts. This level of flexibility has led to the persistence of the role of allegory in the field of literature, so that we see its use in the field of contemporary Persian fiction. In the meantime, Simin Daneshvar's novel Suvashoon has mystical and allegorical layers that have added to its semantic complexities. In this research, with reference to library sources and descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to study and explore the primary and secondary intentions of Simin Daneshvar in the novel Suvashoon to answer the question that the characters Zari, Yousef, Sir Jenet Zinger and Sohrab Malek, What are allegories of people and what concepts were created to explain them? The results of the research show that in this novel, the golden character is an allegory of Simin Daneshvar, the female gender and the country of Iran. Yusuf's character is an allegory of the intellectual class, especially Jalal Al-Ahmad, Mohammad Mosaddegh, Imam Hussein and Siavash. Also, the character of Sir Jenet Zinger is an allegory of colonialism and the character of Sohrab Malek is an allegory of confrontation with patriarchal society. The use of Persian and Semitic myths to cultivate allegories has been prominent.

One of the most mysterious beliefs among the ranchers of Guilan is the belief in a legend called Siah Galash which over time has been intertwined with reality and fantasy and has found a special place in the formation of their cultural identity. Because of his immortality and blessing power, the hero of this myth has been considered as equal as their religious leaders in the people's minds and there are different narrations about his actions in regulating the laws of hunting and production of dairy products and environmental protection. Accordingly, after a short speech in explaining the main identity of this living and active legend and expressing the differences and its narrative commonalities in different regions of Guilan as well as, for the purpose of, obtaining applied answers regarding the function of allegory in different narrations and finally, can allegory play a useful role in rehabilitating the thoughts of the listeners? Or can it be effective in organizing the implementation of social rules among the community of ranchers? And in the case of the existence of positive answers, how much can it be effective? Brief discussion about the nature of allegory in rhetoric, examination the allegorical approach of love and anger, which is considered to be one of the constituent elements of Siah Galash's personality, are also the objectives of this research. This research is new as it is not done before and it is done in a descriptive-analytical method.

Allegory is a special kind of simile. In a simple classification, we can divided it into three types: wide, semi-condensed and condensed (the style of equation). Bahar in the Masnavi Prison Report has used this rhetorical element to a great extent to persuade the audience. The number and variety of the use of these allegorical similes in the Masnavi Prison Report can be considered as a prominent and worthy stylistic feature for the Bahar's work. Considering the rhetorical structure of verses in which the allegorical similes have been used, in this article we have examined their sentences in terms of being predicative or performative. According to the findings of this research, the semi-condensed allegory simile with its predicative structure intends to emphasize the speech or the same allegorical metaphor and proverb, the most common examples of allegory simile in this Masnavi. Moreover, there are other some other types of allegory simile such as the style of equation, allegorical metaphor, and artistic image and argument in this Masnavi, which are discussed in the text of the article.

Modern short story is a new form of writing stories that allows the writers of our time to explore the issues of life in the new age with techniques and practices appropriate to the modern period, regardless of the constraints of the limitations of realism and naturalism. Hence, modern short stories tended towards poetry and lyric writing. One of the most important features of this type of storytelling is turning to allegory. Allegory has a strong connection with narrative and the first mythical narratives have been called narrative allegory. The allegory shows that the lyrical short story is related to something outside the world of senses and sensory phenomena. The story of "My Button Eyes" is one of Bijan Najdi's lasting stories. This beautiful and influential story, in the language of a puppet, describes the story of the Iraqi invasion of Khorramshahr. This research examines the allegory in the short story "My Button Eyes" in an analytical way and acquaints the reader with the allegory and the allegorical short story.