فصلنامه رهیافت انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 54 (بهار 1400)

 The "preservation of the Islamic system" for the establishment of divine sovereignty and the possibility of practical translation of Islam and its teachings is a red line in the political thought of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution. The present article examines the political thought of Ayatollah Khamenei by asking a question about the rules of "maintaining order" and its requirements. The studies of this article by analyzing the internal documents and re-analyzing the related texts and data, including the direct texts of the Supreme Leader's statements, showed that in his political thought, "maintaining order" means only with legitimate and justified means. Also, "maintaining the system" means preserving the essence of what is in the thought of the leadership according to the national interests and their correct recognition. For the leadership, "maintaining order" is then "feasible", "responsible" and "real" to pursue national interests that are subject to national identity, and "maintaining order" in the interpretation of leadership is "rationality" It must be "basic justice", "basic spirituality" and "revolutionary".

The present article studies the two categories of political development and elitism and the interrelationships between the two through the analysis of two official discourses in post-revolutionary Iran, namely the discourse of the fifth and sixth governments (Constructive Discourse) and deals with the discourse of the seventh and eighth governments (Reform Discourse). The main question: what has been the place of development in these two discourses and in this regard, what approach have these two discourses taken to elitism as one of the most important components of development? The hypothesis that is put forward on this basis: the influential feature in the Construction Discourse is economic development and as a result is limited to the use of economic elites and technocrats; while the same variable in the Reform Discourse undergoes a major change. The results of the research show that during the Reform Discourse, political development replaces economic development in the first discourse and in the field of elitism, priority is given to political and cultural elites. The research method in this article is to collect historical documents and existing documents in a library method and then to analyze the data.

The pathology of the family institution is one of the important challenges that has an important role and place in the Islamic political system. However, the growing importance of the media, the promotion of individualism, as well as the weakening of the family institution, led some views to raise their own views to reform and play the role and position of those views. Among these, the model of Islamic media literacy has a special place as a framework for representing the mass media to explain the pathology of the family institution. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the position of Islamic media literacy in the representation of mass media to explain the pathology of the family institution. The main question of the present study is: In what ways can Islamic media literacy protect and stabilize the institution of the family in the context of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution? The hypothesis of the article is: Islamic media literacy plays an important role in providing a suitable model for supporting the family institution by adopting a critical approach, instinctualism, truth-seeking, promoting dialogue and good debate, and emphasizing human dignity. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method and has collected information in a library and documentary manner.

Lack of drinking water in Sistan and Baluchestan province is an issue facing the government. Given the fact that providing safe drinking water is known as a factor in improving the quality of life, and without access to safe water, the possibility of getting out of the cycle of poverty and moving towards sustainable development is very low, the question of the present article is that what effect has the government policy had on the supply of drinking water in Sistan and Baluchestan province? The hypothesis under consideration is that the focus on agricultural development policy, poor integrated management, and poor utilization of the local communities have had a significant impact on poor access to safe drinking water in this part of the country.The reason for choosing this subject is the necessity of government adherence to the upstream documents, including development plans and getting the attention of the research community to the issue of water scarcity and its consequences for the people of this region. The target community of the present article is Azati village, which has been analyzed in the general control cycle model, and analytical-qualitative method has been used in the research to measure this community. Moreover, data have been collected through note taking of library resources and interviews with experts. In this article will be concluded that the focus on agricultural development policy, poor integrated management of government agencies and poor utilization of the role of the local communities have been the causes of water scarcity in Azati. In the end, it is suggested that stakeholder cooperation, sustainable management and good governance should be considered to achieve sustainable water in this area.

According to the Iran’s 20-year vision plan, the expansion of relations with neighboring countries and cultures is considered as one of the main goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Having a similar national identity between the two countries encourages politicians to establish closer relations. The main premise of the present article is that based on constructivism, given the diverse economic, military, security, political and social benefits that the relationship with Central Asia (Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan) brings to Iran, a similar national identity among the countries of the region with Iran can pave the way for closer relations. In this descriptive-analytical study, with library method of various online and offline sources, an attempt has been made to analyze similar national identity indicators between Iran and the Central Asia region. Based on the findings of the present study, the most important characteristics of similar national identities between the mentioned countries can be considered as language, land, religion, government, race and ethnicity and similar cultural elements. Therefore, in the field of foreign policy, it is necessary for the politicians of the Islamic Republic of Iran to promote Iran's international relations with these countries by relying on similar elements and characteristics of national identity that exist between Iran and Central Asian countries.

The present article is a comparative study that compares two institutions of the Court of Administrative Justice of Iran and the Council of State of France. In this comparative study, the author intends to examine the implementation of an important category of administrative justice in the two legal systems of Iran and France in relation to the performance of the two judicial institutions. At first glance, it seems that both institutions have significant commonalities in jurisdiction and litigation. However, in comparison, the significant volume of unresolved cases indicates the fact that the judiciary has not been as successful in achieving administrative justice as its French counterpart. Therefore, following the answer to the reason for this fact, the results of the research show that factors such as length of the process and time of the trial, insufficient performance guarantees, non-compliance of government institutions with the decisions made, etc., are involved in this inefficiency. The data of this article have been collected by comparative-analytical method and library method.

A study of Imam Khomeini's poems and a study of his life and behavior show that Imam Khomeini's mysticism is not limited to personal experiences and discoveries and intuitions in the realm of predestination, but he's according to his ideals and goals. And also considering that according to their political approach, they believed in extending religious issues to all aspects of human life, so it seems that their mysticism also has a social dimension and this idea and approach is also reflected in his poems. Has been. In this regard, in the present article, we have examined the place of mysticism in Imam Khomeini's poems with a sociological approach based on Lucien Goldman's theory. The results of the research show that Imam Khomeini in his poems has not always considered mysticism limited to corners and angles and mysticism has flowed in all aspects of his individual and social life. Imam Khomeini, unlike some mystics who distanced themselves from the people and society and considered the knowledge of God to be conditional on isolation, was present in the heart of society and along with social relations, the spiritual and mystical dimension of his existence was sought among the people. The subject is exactly in line with Lucien Goldmann's theory that there was a close and direct relationship between literature and religion and society.

The influence of society and social contexts in jurisprudence is one of the key and important issues. This influence is very important in the thought and arrangement of the Imam as an influential personality. In this article, first, the theoretical framework of the discussion based on Imam Khomeini's reading of the concept of expediency in the light of the theory of dynamic jurisprudence and government jurisprudence, as well as education and reform as one of the important values of the Islamic Revolution and then the effects of Imam Khomeini's thought. Punishments have been explained and analyzed in the last two decades of the Islamic Revolution. The results of the research indicate that under the influence of Imam Khomeini's thoughts on observing and paying attention to the concept of expediency, especially in the field of legislation and paying attention to the issue of correction and education as the goal of punishment, from the last two decades to some extent in policies The judiciary has undergone changes in order to make punishment more efficient in the Islamic Revolution. In addition, Imam Khomeini (ra) believed in the mutual influence of the individual and society on each other, and accordingly, attention to the correction and improvement of prisoners using various methods, including the use of alternative punishments to imprisonment in order to achieve a desirable and healthy society. , It is essential. Imam Khomeini's ideas in the Islamic Penal Code have been recognized in the form of numerous innovations such as the institution of impunity, alternative punishments to imprisonment, postponement of sentencing and the semi-liberty system.

The present study examines the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the oil industry after the Islamic revolution with emphasis on financial and legal challenges. The main question of this research is: What are the challenges and obstacles to the qualitative and quantitative efforts of the Iranian oil industry in order to achieve the goals set out in the 20-year Vision Document? The hypothesis that follows this question: Despite the efforts of the Iranian oil industry and its officials and agents, their lack of full knowledge of legal-financial and contractual issues in all aspects of the oil industry within the legal system, the achievement of these goals has encountered some difficulty. What can be deduced from the results of the research is the lack of transparent international laws and sanctions in the oil industry, so that the oppressive rule of United States of America has made any laws governing the oil industry fragile due to its influence on the international system and in addition the lack of international legal and financial law vis-a-via the American politics has created challenges that need further attention. The research method in this article is to collect data in a library manner and then analyze this data.

This article examines international mediation in the Syrian crisis and position of the Islamic Republic of Iran in resolving this crisis through mediation. The main question: what is the motivation for the Republic Islamic of Iran to mediate in the Syrian crisis and how did it act in this regard? The research hypothesis is based on the theoretical framework that Iran, in this case, promotes mediation with a balanced approach of threat or defensive realism derived from the theory of neorealism, and along with trying to help solve the crisis, also seeks to reduce the threat of various coalitions against it. The results of the study show that the complexity of the Syrian crisis, not only at the domestic level, but also on a regional and supra-regional scale, has transformed it from an international non-international armed conflict into an international armed conflict. This has led to the end of international efforts to resolve the Syrian crisis without the effective presence and mediation of Iran. In addition, Iran has always considered regional and national security in the issue of mediation and has tried to respond to the possible risks arising from this crisis in the negotiation process. This article has been written with a qualitative method of descriptive-analytical type and the data have been collected in a library method by taking notes.

The influence of society and social contexts in jurisprudence is one of the key and important issues. This influence is very important in the thought and arrangement of the Imam as an influential personality. In this article, first, the theoretical framework of the discussion based on Imam Khomeini's reading of the concept of expediency in the light of the theory of dynamic jurisprudence and government jurisprudence, as well as education and reform as one of the important values of the Islamic Revolution and then the effects of Imam Khomeini's thought. Punishments have been explained and analyzed in the last two decades of the Islamic Revolution. The results of the research indicate that under the influence of Imam Khomeini's thoughts on observing and paying attention to the concept of expediency, especially in the field of legislation and paying attention to the issue of correction and education as the goal of punishment, from the last two decades to some extent in policies The judiciary has undergone changes in order to make punishment more efficient in the Islamic Revolution. In addition, Imam Khomeini (ra) believed in the mutual influence of the individual and society on each other, and accordingly, attention to the correction and improvement of prisoners using various methods, including the use of alternative punishments to imprisonment in order to achieve a desirable and healthy society. , It is essential. Imam Khomeini's ideas in the Islamic Penal Code have been recognized in the form of numerous innovations such as the institution of impunity, alternative punishments to imprisonment, postponement of sentencing and the semi-liberty system.

Participation or lack of participation of citizens is considered as one of the most important criteria for the legitimacy of the political system of each society. Political participation is influenced by various factors. Political awareness, the propaganda of candidates and political groups, the social and political standing of candidates and their personal characteristics and their supporters influence the level of political participation of citizens in different elections. In discussions related to the analysis of voter behavior, people's motivating factors for participating in elections and the question of what factors lead voters to decide to vote for a particular party or person are emphasized.This research seeks to   a comparative study   about the political participation of the people of Kashmar city in elections to the Islamic parliament and the city council. For this purpose, a questionnaire and the SPSS software version 18 were used to test the hypotheses. Evidence of the research shows that, there is a meaningful relationship between the political participation of Kashmar people in the Islamic parliamentary elections and the city council elections. Also, the political participation of the people of Kashmar in the Islamic parliamentary elections is influenced by the parties. And the city council elections are influenced by tribal issues and tribal and local relationships.

Criminal policy is a concept that expresses the responses and reactions of the community body (government and civil society) to the criminal phenomenon, which is in fact an embodiment of the management system of strategies and tactics derived from the values that govern society, the legislative, judicial and executive system. , Use it to control crime. In the Islamic legal and judicial system, social justice and criminal justice have a prohibited position in a deep connection to the extent that this component is considered as a criterion for measuring other values. After the Islamic Revolution in Iran, various legal, social, cultural, and political aspects of society have undergone a fundamental change and are theoretically based and in harmony with Islamic teachings, values and goals respected and requested by society and the system, which are in fact Islamic values and religion that has been arranged and compiled. Examining the existing and conventional modeling of different models of criminal policy such as totalitarian, authoritarian, liberal, etc. and comparing their coordinates with the characteristics of the criminal policy of Islam and the Islamic Republic, shows that this issue has always been controversial and sometimes due to Incorrect interpretations of the Islamic model have been interpreted as an example of a pervasive authoritarian model. Therefore, based on the study of the Islamic legal system and the explanation of the coordinates of the criminal policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is a matter of theoretical and practical importance and requires examination and discussion. The results of this article, which have been prepared by descriptive and analytical methods, confirm that since Islamic and religious values have been achieved in the context of a society based on social justice, the basic principle of social justice is considered as the basis of other human and Islamic values. And the basic component of the Islamic criminal policy institution is social justice (of course in the definition in the Islamic discourse) and based on this, the Islamic legal system and consequently the criminal policy model of the Islamic Republic of Iran, contrary to the theories, will be a "justice-oriented" model.

In the present study, the barriers and challenges of science and invention production in Iran have been studied and in relation to legal barriers, the right to produce science and invention in Iran and the United Kingdom has been comparatively studied. The two main questions of the article are: First, what are the obstacles to the production of science and invention in Iran? Secondly, what are the important issues related to legal barriers? Based on these questions, two hypotheses are proposed: 1) recognizing the obstacles and challenges of science and invention production helps ways to overcome them; 2) contrary to the similarities in the substantive terms of patents, in other areas of legal barriers, significant differences are observed in the two legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom. The results show that in order to overcome the obstacles and challenges of science and invention production in Iran, it is necessary to remove the ambiguity of the relevant definitions and examples and also to make the Iranian legal system more efficient. The research method in this article is data collection in a library method and analysis of this data.

In this article, by using the descriptive-analytical method and the method of collecting documents, an attempt is made to answer the basic question of how the underdevelopment of Iran during the reign of Nasreddin Shah Qajar, according to the indicators of soft government from the perspective of the Qajar period. Mirdal can be explained? The findings indicate that the Iranian society in the era of Nasser al-Din Shah, which coincided with industrial development in the West, was increasingly facing the outside and the mentioned developments, and at the same time, had many problems inside, the most important of which We can mention the lack of social discipline, the lack of law enforcement in the country, the disobedience of powerful groups in society, including the Qajar dynasty, landed aristocrats, khans and tribal chiefs, and the merchant class from laws and regulations, as well as widespread corruption. Due to the fact that the government in the years 1227 to 1275 A.H. was not able to enact the same law, control the internal situation and compel powerful groups to implement official laws and regulations, as well as take serious action to eliminate corruption, and therefore could not develop In Iran like Western countries.

Political and social developments are always related to the systems of thought and thought in different societies. This means that intellectual, cultural factors and the resulting developments can affect the political and social situation, political systems and institutions. The intellectual developments are most noticeable in the areas of religion and the interpretation that is made of it. Intellectual developments in the jurisprudential system are known as ijtihad, which reached its peak during the confrontation between the fundamentalists and the Akhbaris and continues to this day. However, the prevailing trend of the researches is that the intellectual and political developments influenced by the West in the field of thought and politics have been the cause of the shift of Shiite jurisprudence from news to principled jurisprudence, but in the present article, the author examines the historical course. The change in Shiite jurisprudence and the intellectual and political changes in Iran leads to the opposite conclusion that exactly the changes in Shiite jurisprudence from news to principles have created the ground for Iran's intellectual and political change. The process of evolution of jurisprudence begins with Vahid Behbahani and his principled approach and culminates with the absolute authority of the jurist and the emphasis on the two elements of time and place as an inseparable part of jurisprudence in Imam Khomeini's approach. This trend is symmetrical with the intellectual and political developments in Iran, which begin with constitutionalism and culminate in the Islamic Revolution. The transition from the news approach to principles has attracted the attention of Shiite jurisprudence to the political and social spheres, including its results, the formation of initial plans for political and social movements, attention to inadequacies and non-religious political inefficiencies, attention to rulings and orders. Jurisprudence has been to design a desirable political society as well as to fight against injustice, poverty and corruption. The culmination of this evolution was the formation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran under the leadership of Imam Khomeini. The author's method is descriptive with a historical approach and uses Charles Tilly's "social mobilization" model as the basis of research.

Identity is one of the most complex concepts of the present age, a multifaceted phenomenon that creates different approaches from different perspectives along with other concepts such as security. Social identity in Iranian society has different elements, the identification of each of them along with the impact it has on understanding social security, this can help policymakers to better understand society and formulate laws related to identity. This article seeks to compare identity indicators in six post-revolutionary development programs by analyzing identity indicators and identity-based social security strategies. The results of this study show that each of the development programs with a different approach, directly or indirectly, have taken steps to identify identity components, but we see the least balance in indicators and approaches to identity in social security and components. National identity and population index have received the most attention among the programs.

Muslim women, on the one hand, are confronted with an approach to the status of women in the West, which emphasizes the unconditional presence of women in all spheres based on the similarity of men's and women's rights; On the other hand, they are faced with a heretical view that, relying on some biological differences between men and women, considers women as inferior to men. Women emerged in various political, social, and economic contexts with some restrictions. This descriptive and analytical study examines the views and ideas of two great modern and moderate Shiite thinkers, Imam Khomeini and Imam Musa Sadr, and the results show that their Islamic and rational views based on political and dynamic Shiite jurisprudence have many similarities and approaches. It is based on the evolutionism of women who consider the previous attitudes as extremist or heretical and see them as incompatible with the norms of Sharia and culture of Islamic society and believe that the happiness of human society in the light of balance between men and women and each in its proper place, It is provided, neither in the confrontation that the traditionalists have said nor in the resemblance that the Western world emphasizes. Many social networks target men and women alike.