نشریه برنامه ریزی توسعه شهری و منطقه ای
پیاپی 10 (پاییز 1398)

Cities for the reason of complex nature and increasing growth of urban population and also factors such as inappropriate distribution of representing services in different urban aspects, the price of land, unequal incomes among different groups of people, lack of equal access to facilities and services, and also different urban spaces among residents of different areas have made the cities to reflect a picture of inequality. The thrust of this research is to investigate and compare spatial-social inequality between two areas, Darsyran and Baharan, in Marivan on the basis of the indexes of economic-social status and access to land use of urban services. The present study is an applied research which employs a questionnaire to collect data to analyze the independent and dependent variable questions. The researcher has used SPSS to analyze the data. According to the test results Mann - Whitney u test and confidence level 95% , difference between socio-economic status baharan residents and urban land use services are available to the residents Darsyran.

The method of choosing the PhD research topic in Iranian interdisciplinary sciences has always been one of the concerns of researchers. Today, the research problems have been resulted from a confusing choice and the topic choice is made mainly by a translational look at the scholarly literature of the other contexts. So, the dialectic of the universal and the particular of research (acquiring global knowledge and then localizing it) have been neglected and the adoption of a methodological basis that can confirm indigenous originality of the research, is overlooked. This study aims at explaining the process of exploring the PhD research topic in Iranian context by adopting a problem-based approach. A five-step methodological framework in defining the PhD research title has been proposed and the proposed model has been used in the case of selecting the topic of Urban Planning PhD research around the general topic of "collective memory". According to the process presented in the paper, research title formulation should pass through the five stages including "Finding the research-worthy problems based on the four-step process (look, read, synthesize and seek feedback)", "Introducing the problems and outlining the concise proposals concerning them", "Evaluating and choosing 2/3 subjects meeting the quadruple criteria (clarity of research questions, research originality and importance, contribution to the knowledge, have a sense of belonging to the subject)", "Seeking key questions by the “method of making conceptual linkage between questions/ concepts”" and "Finally choosing the subject and formulating the research title after an integral synthesis".

The phenomenon of poverty, especially after industrialization, has gradually become a phenomenon with a spatial rotation and in the form of transition from rural and industrial phenomena to urban phenomena, and with the entry of the second stage of capital accumulation in cities, it is always reproducing poverty. For decades, the physical manifestation of this problem has been used under various headings, including urban slums, informal settlements, slums and so on. In this transition, different perspectives have been adopted at different levels in the world to deal with this phenomenon, and each of them has been the beginning of a dominant discourse on this issue. Each of these discourses, according to the political, economic and social demands and requirements of society, as well as the shortcomings of the ruling discourse, reconstructs its semantic system and presents it as an efficient and capable system in overcoming the problems of society. In this regard, at the global level, since the domination of capitalism until now, in the discourse of development, the discourse of culture of poverty and pathology, different views and methods have been adopted to deal with poverty and spontaneous urban settlements. These discourses have a direct impact on the national situation and have had an impact on the discourse in Iran in each period. In addition, the policies adopted in each period have had a direct impact on local conditions. In this research, the method of critical discourse analysis at the level of text and discourse practices has been used.

the physical changes that have taken place after the development of the shrine of Imam Reza's sister in Rasht have led to changes in the types of users and reducing the use of space by women. The main purpose of this study was to detect the reasons for the change and the reduction of gender equality in the space of Sister of Imam Reza in the city of Rasht and changes in that space after the implementation of new development plan. The Methodology of this study is critical - quality . In order to reach a proper understanding and explanation, Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach was used to analyze the data and provide the ultimate theory. Based on qualitative- targeted sampling and theoretical saturation criterion, twenty-five women 20 to 40 years from Saghrysazan and Motahari Rasht district participated in this study and was studied and analyzed their perception of the urban space of Sister of Imam Rasht. Using "critical discourse analysis" and analyze the findings, which consists of three levels of description (disclosure statements and the content appearing), interpretation (interaction between the interviewer and texture) and determination (of two strains structures and discourse) can be linked to the analysis of the interviews (bed space) and background (macro structures) and provided the possibility of more radical explanations for researchers .The results of the study were obtained, insist on consideration of Iran's patriarchal structures in the designing of urban spaces.

The urban identity of Tehran's District One has undergone many changes over time. The present study seeks to find the mental meanings of the people of District One of Tehran by considering the mental images of the people and examining the maps of the urban geographic information system. Explain the presentation of a conceptual model. The main purpose of this study is to find parameters in order to strengthen the identity of urban space based on pattern language theory. The research method is survey Data collection using cognitive mapping method, these patterns are obtained in accordance with the method mentioned by Christopher Alexander for region one. . The present study seeks to find the subjective meanings of the people of a Tehran area by considering the popular mental images and maps of the urban GIS system so that by relying on these images and analyzing them, they can provide living patterns (parameters) for This area is not explained. The main purpose of this research is to find parameters to enhance the meaning of urban space based on Pattern language theory which is done by field surveys and indications obtained in data collection and use of cognitive mapping method. Obtained by Christopher Alexander for Area One. The 14 models are specific to Region 1 and can be applied to other urban areas in Iran through the method used in this study.

Developing countries have always been associated with a kind of uneven development. In fact, a set of influential factors in these countries have made them act independently of any planning and scheduling. In this study, the metropolis of Karaj with the experience of various urban development projects was selected as a case study to localize the content sustainability assessment of urban development projects that is the purpose of this study. Develop a local model of sustainable development in it. In this descriptive-analytical study with systematic analysis technique, a list of sustainability indicators from reliable sources (World Bank, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development . Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Counted. Then, using the methodology of "Green Book" (part of the strategic and research program of the Office of Research and Development ORD3) in the United States) and paying attention to the law of renaming the Ministry of Housing (1353), classification and local ‌ Establishment of evaluation indicators and sustainability management of development projects. The results of the evaluation with AHP and Delphi technique show two stages; The rate of application of sustainable development indicators in the stage of recognizing urban development plans is at a relatively desirable level, but in the output of the plan, the relationship between the indicators in recognizing the current situation and presenting the plan is left. Therefore, it is necessary to make a fundamental review in the process of preparation and content of urban development plans as one of the tools to achieve development.