فهرست مطالب

Journal of Pathobiology Reaearch
Volume:24 Issue: 1, Spring 2021

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/05/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • سامان اسدی*، کیومرث امینی صفحات 19-25

    کرونا ویروس ها دارای 4 نوع اصلی الفا ، بتا، گاما و دلتا هستند . نوع بتا و گاما باعث ایجاد بیماری تنفسی در انسان و حیوان می شوند. این ویروس ها در طی 26 سال اخیر باعث شیوع بیماری های مختلفی شده اند و اخیرا  در شهر ووهان ،چین، بیماری جدیدی شیوع پیدا کرده که در جهان پخش شده است. سه نوع از این ویروس های مهم  سارس، مرس و سارس کوو 2 (SARS-CoV-2)می باشد. که دارای میزبان طبیعی و میانه در حیوانات به خصوص خفاش ها هستند. در مورد ویروس سارس کوو 2  با توجه به توالی ژنی به دست آمده از ویروس، ویروس  به خفاش و پینگولین ها به عنوان میزبان طبیعی مشکوک شده اند پیشبینی می شود ویروس از خفاش به پینگولین منتقل شده سپس با موتاسیون قابلیت انتقال به انسان را پیدا کرده. با توجه به زیاد بودن انواع ویروس در خانواده کرونا  که حیوانات زیادی را درگیر می کند احتمال شیوع دوباره نوعی جدیدی از آنها داده می شود. و با توجه به تجارب سارس و سارس کوو 2 باید در نقش دامپزشک در بازار های فروش حیوانات زنده و بازار های فروش فراورده های دامی به شکل عمده بازنگری کرد.

    کلیدواژگان: سارس کوو 2، خانواده کرونا ویروس، سارس کوو، مرس کوو، زئونوز، کووید 19
  • حدیثه باقری، سمیه شاطی زاده ملک شاهی، مهرداد روانشاد* صفحات 27-35

    عفونت آنفلوانزای تنفسی یکی از مهمترین دلایل بیماری و مرگ و میر در جهان است که سالانه تقریبا 10٪ -20٪ از جمعیت جهان را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. طبق برآوردهای اخیر ، حدود 398000 مرگ در سال با عفونت های تنفسی آنفلوانزا با میزان مرگ و میر 2٪ در میان عفونت های تنفسی ویروسی مرتبط است. در طی شیوع آنفلوانزای فصلی و همه گیر ، مشخص شده است که زنان باردار در مقایسه با جمعیت عمومی ، بیشتر دچار عوارض شدید مربوط به آنفلوانزا می شوند. در دوران بارداری ، تغییرات ایمونولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی که بر سیستم تنفسی ، سیستم قلبی عروقی و سایر سیستم ها تاثیر می گذارد ، زنان را در معرض خطر بیشتری برای عفونت های خاص و عوارض مربوطه قرار می دهد. در این مطالعه مروری ، ابتدا مختصرا درباره خصوصیات عفونت ویروس آنفلوانزا و اپیدمیولوژی آن بحث می کنیم و سپس جنبه های بالینی عفونت ویروس آنفلوانزا در زنان باردار و جنین را مورد بحث قرار می دهیم.

    کلیدواژگان: ویروس آنفولانزا، بارداری، واکسیناسیون، درمان
  • آزاده نجار، محمد مهدی دائی*، سمیرا دودانگه، عباس علامی صفحات 55-61
    زمینه و هدف

    با توجه به گستره همه گیری COVID-19 در جهان و آسیب های جبران ناپذیر در جنبه های زندگی بشر، بررسی روش های مقابله با آن از اولویت های تحقیقاتی جوامع است. هدف از این مطالعه یافتن عواملی بود که شدت بیماری و مرگ ناشی از آن را پیش بینی می کنند.

    روش ها:

     این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی بر روی بیماران مبتلا به COVID-19 بستری در بیمارستان بوعلی سینا قزوین در مارس 2020 انجام شد. مشخصات اپیدمیولوژیک ، بالینی، آزمایشگاهی و رادیولوژی بیماران جمع آوری شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون t مستقل و Mann-Whitney U  (به ترتیب برای متغیرهای کمی با توزیع نرمال و غیرنرمال) و مجذور کای (برای متغیرهای کیفی) در نسخه 22 SPSS  مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. P <0.05 معنادار در نظر گرفته شد.

    یافته ها

    جامعه مورد مطالعه شامل 119 بیمار مبتلا به COVID-19 بود. 94 بیمار بهبود یافتند و 25 بیمار فوت کردند. بیماران فوت شده به طور قابل توجهی مسن تر از بیماران بهبود یافته بودند (0007/0=P). فراوانی سیگار کشیدن در مطالعه ما 5.4٪ بیماران بود. بیماران فوت شده دارای لنفوپنی (015/0=P)، میانگین تعداد نوتروفیل (009/0=P)، ازت اوره خون  (012/0=P)  و کراتینین (032/0=P) به طور معنی داری بیشتر و اشباع اکسیژن خون (001/0=P)  به طور معنی داری در بیماران فوت شده کمتر از بیماران بهبودیافته بود.

    نتیجه گیری: 

    درصد افراد سیگاری در بیماران بستری  COVID-19 به طور قابل توجهی کمتر از جمعیت عمومی بود. اگر بیماران COVID-19 در گروه پرخطر هستند از جمله افراد مسن، مبتلایان به هیپوکسی شدید، لنفوپنی، نوتروفیلی، اختلال در عملکرد کلیه و درگیری شدید ریه در سی تی اسکن به دلیل افزایش احتمال مرگ در این بیماران باید با دقت بیشتری بررسی شوند.

    کلیدواژگان: کرونا ویروس 2019، بیمارستان، قزوین
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  • Hossein Azizi*, S. Mohammad Ahmadi Soleimani, Yadollah Ranjbar Slamloo, Saeed Semnanian Pages 7-10

    Tail flick test is a common method for evaluation of acute pain in animal models. However, there seems to be a technical limitation with this test deserving a more subtle consideration. The problem is the use of physical restraining during the test. This in turn exposes the animal to stress which could undesirably affect the obtained results. In the present report, a newly designed restraining chamber is presented to improve the tail flick test regarding the mentioned limitation. Also, the baseline tail flick latency in animals undergone the test using the classic restrainers was compared to that of performed by the designed chamber. Results indicate that the baseline tail flick latency in animals restrained by newly designed box is significantly lower than those restrained by the tube-shaped version and this might be attributed to stress induced analgesia. In conclusion, would like to suggest the use of our custom made box to avoid erroneous measurement of nociceptive threshold in rats.

    Keywords: Tail flick, restraint, stress, analgesia, rat
  • Mohammad Rashidy*, Saeed Karkehabadi Pages 11-18
    Objective

    Improving glycemic profile in diabetics is rooted in several metabolic, hormonal and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on blood glucose levels in diabetic rats with emphasis on insulin resistance and beta cell function.

    Methods

    For this purpose, 14 male Wistar rats were divided into aerobic training (10 weeks, 5 session/weekly in the form of running on a treadmill, n = 7) and control (n = 7) groups after induction of type 2 diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and Streptozotocin (STZ). Fasting glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance and beta cell function of both groups were measured after lasted exercise session and compared between 2 groups by independent T test at a significant alpha level of less than 5%.

    Results

    Despite no change in insulin resistance (P = 0.458), aerobic training resulted in significant decrease in fasting glucose (P <0.001) with increased serum insulin (P <0.001) and beta cell function (0.011) compared with control subjects.

    Conclusion

    Despite no change in insulin function in the target tissue, the improvement in glycemic profile of type 2 diabetic rats in response to aerobic training may be attributed to increased synthesis or secretion of insulin, or in other words, increased beta cell function. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for altering insulin function at cellular levels in response to exercise requires further studies in this area.

    Keywords: Glycemic profile, Insulin resistance, Beta cell function, Type 2 diabetes, Aerobic exercise
  • Saman Asadi*, Kumarss Amini Pages 19-25

    Coronaviruses have four main types: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Beta and gamma types cause respiratory illness in humans and animals. These viruses have spread various diseases in the last 26 years, and recently in Wuhan, China, a new disease that has spread around the world. Three of these important viruses are SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2. They have a natural and moderate host in animals, especially bats. In case of SARS-CoV-2 virus, according to the gene sequence obtained from the virus, bats and penguins have been suspected as natural hosts. The virus is predicted to be transferred from bats to penguins and then mutated into humans. Due to the large number of viruses in the corona family, which affects many animals, a new type of virus is likely to spread again. And given experiences of SARS and SARS-CoV-2, the role of veterinarians in the live animals markets and livestock products markets should be reconsidered.

    Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Corona virus family, SARS CoV, MERS Coo, Zoonoses, Covid 19
  • Hadiseh Bagheri, Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi, Mehrdad Ravanshad* Pages 27-35

    Respiratory influenza infection is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 10% -20% of the  world’s population annually.  According to recent estimates, about 398,000 deaths per year are associated with influenza respiratory infections  with a mortality rate of 2% among viral respiratory infections. During the seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks, it has been found that pregnant women are more likely to have severe influenza-related complications, compared to the general population. During pregnancy, immunological and physiological changes that affect the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and other systems put  women at greater risk for certain infections and related complications. In this review study, we first briefly discuss the characteristics of influenza virus infection and its epidemiology, and then discuss the clinical aspects of influenza virus infection in pregnant women and fetuses.

    Keywords: Influenza Virus, Pregnancy, Vaccination, Treatment
  • Mohammad Rostampour, Bahram Soltani Tehrani, Parvin Babaei* Pages 37-43
    Background

    Current models of memory impairment involve the specific brain regions lesion, such as hippocampus, amygdale, nucleus basalis of magnucellularis (NBM) and entorinal cortex. There is some disagreement with respect to the specific roles of these structures, perhaps due to sub regional differences within each area. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of intra-hippocampal administration of ibotonic acid and cholchicine on associative aversive memory.

    Methods

    Forty male Wistar rats were used in this study. Animals were cannulated bilaterally in the CA1 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus for infusion of ibotonic acid and cholchicine(8 g/ l) respectively. Then step down passive avoidance learning (PAL) was used 14 days later. Data was analyzed by independent T-test, and p<0.05 considered as statistically significant.

    Results

    Intra dentate gyrus administration of 8 g/ l colchicine did not show PAL (p > 0.05). Also intra CA1 administration of ibotenic acid didn’t demonstrate significant change in memory retention tested 24 h after training compared to related vehicle control groups (p >0.05).

    Conclusion

    Our findings showed that single dose of colchicine or ibotenic acid targeting CA1 and dentate gyrus of hippocampus has no significant change on associative memory in passive avoidance learning paradigm.

    Keywords: hippocampus, Lesion, cholchicine, ibotenic acid
  • Roghayeh Alizadeh, Kayhan Azadmanesh*, Arash Arashkia, Mostafa Ghanei Pages 45-54

    Measles virus, negative-strand RNA viruses, has been known as an ideal candidate in oncolytic virotherapy.  Recombinant measles virus can encode genes of interests for reaching several aims. Replication efficiency of oncolytic virus in tumoral cells is a key parameter in efficient tumor eradication. Products of P gene (P/V/C) support measle virus to circumvent IFN 1 as the main response of innate immune system against viruses. But vaccine strains used in oncolytic therapy studies comprise several mutations in their P gene sequences. These mutations affect replication efficacy which cause attenuation of measles strains applicable in vaccination. So, arming vaccine strains with the wild type P gene is helpful to reach high virus titer. Here at this study, we have expanded a protocol with details for engineering and efficient recovery of measles virus for different aims.

    Keywords: Measles Virus, Reverse Genetics, Viral Rescue, Oncolytic Virotherapy
  • Azadeh Najjar, MohammadMahdi Daei*, Samira Dodangeh, Abbas Allami Pages 55-61
    Background and Aim

      According to the widespread epidemic of the COVID-19 around the world and the irreparable damage in all aspects of human life, surveying coping methods with this epidemic is one of the research priorities of societies. The aim of this study was to find the factors that predict the severity of the disease and the resulting death.

    Methods

    This descriptive-analytical study was performed on patients with COVID19 admitted to Bu-Ali Sina hospital in Qazvin in March 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of patients was collected. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test (for normally and non-normally distributed quantitative variables, respectively) and chi-squared (for qualitative variables) on SPSS version 22. P<0.05 was considered significant.

    Results

    The study population included 119 admitted COVID-19 patients. 94 patients recovered and 25 patients died. The deceased patients were significantly older than recovered patients (P=0.0007).  The frequency of smoking in our study was 5.4% of patients. The deceased patients had higher lymphopenia (P=0.015), neutrophil number (P=0.009), blood urea nitrogen (P=0.012) and creatinine (P=0.032) were significantly higher and blood oxygen saturation (P=0.001) was significantly lower in deceased patients than those who recovered.

    Conclusion

    Percentages of smokers in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease was significantly lower than general population. If COVID-19 patients are in the high-risk group, including older people having sever hypoxia, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, impaired renal function and sever lung involvement in CT scan should be examined with extra care due to the increased chance of death in these patients.

    Keywords: COVID-19, Hospital, Qazvin
  • Mahnaz Nouri, Behrooz Yahyaei*, Fatemeh Najafalipour Pages 63-71
    Introduction

    In this study, we investigated the accumulation and tissue effects due to injection of biological magnetic iron nanoparticles in the ovarian tissue of Wistar rats in response to electromagnetic field by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and histopathological methods.

    Methods

    In this experimental study, the animals were classified in groups of four as follows: Group of healthy female rats receiving nanoparticles with non-toxic dose in absence of  electromagnetic field, group of healthy female rats without receiving nanoparticles and in absence of  electromagnetic field (control group), group of healthy female rats receiving nanoparticles with non-toxic dose in presence of an electromagnetic field and group of healthy female rats without receiving nanoparticles in presence of an electromagnetic field. After grouping the rats, the biological nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally and an electromagnetic field was created on the skin of the rats at the site of the ovaries, which were fixed using tape. Then, by ICP analysis, we examine the presence of iron nanoparticles in the tissue.

    Results

    Magnetic iron nanoparticles had low toxicity so that its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value in well number 1 was 0.386. In the two groups of non-toxic doses of nanoparticles in presence or in absence of electromagnetic field, No changes were observed for primary and secondary follicles, as well as connective tissue and blood.

    Conclusion

    Magnetic iron nanoparticles have no destructive effects on ovarian tissue and have low cell accumulation and therefore their use in this field was recommended to improve the future treatment of ovarian cancer.

    Keywords: Biological iron nanoparticles, Histopathology, Ovary, ICP