نشریه سالمندشناسی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 20، بهار 1400)

In recent years, elder abuse has been recognized as a growing social problem that needs to be addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the family abuse with older adults hospitalized and related factors in Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital in Tehran in 2018.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample of this study included 250 elderly people who were selected by convenience sampling from the elderly patients of Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran in 2018. Data were collected using the Elder Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test, t-test and chi-square by IBM SPSS software v.22.

The mean age of the elderly patients was 76.48. 9.55 years. 40.4% were male and 59.6% were female. 49.6% of the elderly with emotional neglect, 65.6% with care neglect, 41.2% with financial negligence, 46.8% with financial abuse, 50.4% with deprivation of authority, 42% with psychological abuse, 4/4% 30% had physical abuse and 33.2% had rejection, which did not differ significantly based on gender, education, and history of psychiatric illness. Age was directly related to the prevalence of elder abuse (P = 0.02, r = 0.14). Low income, marriage, living in a nursing home and higher care burden were associated with higher elder abuse (P< 0.05).

Elderly abuse is a common problem. Many related factors, such as income and residence, are adjustable. But it is necessary to pay more attention to many factors from the legal point of view and public education.

Interdiction:

 To affect the quality of life of people such as happiness and enjoyment of life, considering the importance of aging and psychological issues of the elderly, this study aims to investigate the effect of group training based on positive psychology on happiness, quality of life of the elderly Shiraz was done.

This study was a quasi-experimental study in which the study population consisted of all elderly people living in elderly care centers in Shiraz. 60 people were selected by cluster random sampling and replaced in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 120 minutes for 2 months based on positive psychology training. The data collection tool of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was WHOQOL-BREF quality of life. After the end of the post-test sessions and 1 month later, follow-up was performed. To analyze the data, descriptive and analytical tests such as analysis of variance test for repeated measures were used with SPSS software version 21.

Mean and standard deviation of happiness, quality of life in the experimental group after the study and follow-up had a statistically significant difference (P <0.05). However, no significant change was observed in the control group. Also, comparing the mean and standard deviation of happiness, quality of life between the experimental and control groups after the study and follow-up had a statistically significant difference (P <0.05).

Positive psychology training is effective in increasing the happiness and quality of life of the elderly people in elderly care centers.

Quality of sleep and quality of life are two very important factors that improving them can help improve the quality of life of the elderly, in which exercise and physical activity play an important role. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically review studies on the effect of exercise and physical activity on sleep quality and quality of life in the elderly in Iran.

International databases of PubMed (Medline), Science Direct and Scopus and Persian databases including Jihad Daneshgahi Scientific Database, Iran Research Institute of Scientific Information and Documents (Irandak) and Database of Iranian Publications (Magiran) and Google Scholar scientific search engine was also searched in English and Farsi until October 6, 2020, using the keywords "Physical activity", "Exercise training", "Iran", "Elderly", "Sleep quality" and "Quality of life". A total of 824 articles were retrieved. After screening, the full text of 27 articles on the effects of exercise on sleep quality and quality of life of the elderly in Iran were reviewed. Finally, 18 articles that were qualitatively appropriate and met the inclusion criteria were dissected and examined.

Different aerobic, resistance and combined exercises have a significant effect on improving the sleep quality of Iranian elderly. Also, various exercise training and physical activity have a significant relationship with improving the quality of life of Iranian elderly.

The results of this study showed that exercise and physical activity in the elderly of Iran improves their sleep quality and quality of life without side effects. Due to this issue, there is a need for effective planning and interventions in the field of exercise and physical activity for the elderly.

The aging populations around the world are rising dramatically. Decreased age-related functional fitness that including muscle strength, flexibility, balance, agility, speed, and aerobic endurance, negatively affects the quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of virtual reality exercises on the elderlychr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s functional fitness.

The present study is semi-experimental, Twenty-four elderly people (60-75 years old) were selected by available sampling and randomly divided into two groups: Experimental group (6 males, 6 females, mean age= 66.50 ± 3.80 years old) and control (5 males, 7 females, mean age=  66.75 ± 3.27 years old). After taking the pre-test using elderly functional fitness tests, the intervention was performed in 9 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and an hour each session. And after the end of the training sessions, of them were taken Post-test. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 24) at the significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that virtual reality exercises on functional fitness of the elderly, timed up and go test (P = 0.001), 30-s chair stand (P = 0.002), arm curl (P = 0.002), 2-minutes step test (P = 0.005), scratch back (P = 0.001) chair sit and reach (P = 0.001) had a significant effect.

According to the results of this study, it seems that virtual reality training program can be used as a new training method to improve the elderlychr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s functional fitness parameters in daily programs of nursing homes.

According to increase in the elderly population and the prevalence of mental disorders in this group, it is important to perform interventions to improve their mental health. Morale is also one of the dimensions of mental health that affects all aspects of human health. This study was conducted to determine the effect of hope therapy on the morale of the elderly.

This experimental study was conducted in 2015 in Gonabad city. The statistical population of all elderly people was covered by community health centers. Fifty elderly people who met the inclusion criteria were systematically randomly selected and equally divided into experimental and control groups. The research instruments included demographic questionnaires and Philadelphia morale. Questionnaires were completed before the intervention and then for the intervention group, psychotherapy based on Schneiderchr('39')s theory was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week. The questionnaire was completed again immediately and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, chi-square and independent t-test using SPSS 16 software.

The results showed that the mean morale score one month after the intervention in the experimental and control groups was respectively 14.00 ± 1.73 and 7.33 ± 3.02. In the experimental group, the score of morale dimension scores, immediately and one month after the intervention, increased significantly compared to the control group (P <0.05).

Considering that in this study, hope therapy had a positive effect on increasing the morale of the elderly, it is suggested that this method be used to better care for the elderly and to increase their morale in the community, hospital and nursing home.

In todaychr('39')s modern world, we are witnessing a noticeable increase in stress level, and its aftermath on an individualchr('39')s psychological well-being, specifically among older adults. Some studies suggested that social isolation and cognitive emotion regulation can affect an individualchr('39')s psychological well-being. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between life events and psychological well-being, considering the possible mediating roles of social isolation and cognitive emotion regulation among community-dwelling older adults.

This study was implemented through a cross-sectional and correlational design. The statistical population of this study included all community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and older living in Tehran. The sample included 321 older adults, who were selected through the convenience sampling method. The Old Age Stressor Scale, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, the Lubben Social Network Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used to collect data. The gathered data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis statistical technique. The SPSS 16 and Amos 16 software were used for data analysis.

55.7% of participants were women, and 44.3% were men with the mean age of (65.14±5.02) and (67.99±6.35), respectively. The results showed that life events (r=-0.281, P<0/001), and social isolation (r=-0.425, P<0/001) directly predicted psychological well-being. Also, social isolation and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediated the relationship between life events and psychological well-being (ß=-0.112, P<0/001) and explained 28% of the variance of psychological well-being.

The findings showed that social isolation and maladaptive emotion regulation play a significant mediating role in the relationship between life events and psychological well-being. Therefore, designing and implementing interventions to reduce social isolation and improve cognitive emotion regulation strategies for older adults encountering stressful life events is recommended.

Today, as a result of increasing the life expectancy, there is a great interest in improving the distress tolerance in older adults. Given that helping to prevent memory loss and distress tolerance are important issues in older adults, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of horticultural activities on the distress tolerance and digit memory of the older adult living in Mobarakeh nursing home.

The statistical population of the study consisted of all the older adults in Mobarakeh city of Isfahan province in 2020. The present study is a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test in which the experimental and control groups were used. The study sample consisted of 30 older adults who were selected nonrandom, in convenience method among the older adults of Mobarakeh city and were randomized divided into two groups of 15 people (control and experimental groups). The experimental group performed horticultural activities in five sessions (90 minutes per sessions) and the control group performed routine activities. After horticultural activities, the participants were asked to answer the questionnaires in post-test stage. The instruments were two questionnaires: Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, Simmons and Gahr (DTS) (2005), Digit memory subscale of Wechsler Memory Scale (Form A) Blauer (1939).Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS-16.

In the present study, 70% of participants were married and 46.76% were illiterate. The results showed that horticultural activities are effective on distress tolerance (tolerating emotional distress, being absorbed by negative emotions, mentally estimating distress, and adjusting efforts to relieve distress) of the older adults(p<0.05) but horticultural activities were not effective on digit memory (direct and inverse digits) of the older adults(p>0.05).

In sum it can be concluded that horticultural activities can be used as the effective methods to improving the distress tolerance (being absorbed by negative emotions and mentally estimating distress) in the older adults.

With the increase of the elderly in the current era, mental health specialists have always looked for psychological sources to improve the quality of life of the elderly. So, the present study aimed to analyze the structural relationships between the psychological hardiness and life satisfaction of the elderly with the mediating role of religious commitment.

The design of this research is descriptive of correlational and basic in terms of purpose. In this study, hardiness was considered as an exogenous variable, life satisfaction as an endogenous variable and religious commitment as an intermediate variable. The number of samples was estimated to be 381 people according to the population of the statistical population of elderly retirees in Gilan province and referring to Morgan table, and by single-stage cluster sampling. The research instruments included the Worthington Religious Commitment Inventory-10, the Wood, Wylie, and Sheafor’s Life Satisfaction Index Z, and the Ahwaz Hardiness Inventory. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used with version 22 of SPSS and AMOS software.

Results revealed that hardiness has no significant increasing effect on life satisfaction and religious commitment (P<0/05), whereas satisfaction was significantly increased with an increase in religious commitment (P<0/01). As the effect of the independent variable was not significant on the mediating variable, the mediating role of religious commitment is not confirmed.

Based on these results, it can be said that by strengthening religious commitment, it is possible to increase life satisfaction in order to improve mental well-being in the elderly.