فصلنامه مطالعات انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 63 (زمستان 1399)

The study of the components affecting the power of a country shows the effect of geopolitical factors on the position of that country in the regional power system. Accordingly, the Islamic Republic of Iran has an important place in the power system of West Asia. In addition to the need to pay attention to geopolitical advantages, the promotion of Iran's position in the regional power system requires the identification of the geopolitical risks that it will face. The purpose of this study is to research the geopolitical risks of the Islamic Republic of Iran in West Asia on the horizon of 1404 with a futuristic approach and using the trend analysis method. According to the research findings, increasing tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia, increasing US-Iranian confrontation, intensifying religious and ethnic rivalries, Zionist expansionist state, reducing convergence in the region, promoting Iranophobia and Shiismophoia, increasing the power of Salafi fundamentalists, increasing arms race, crisis spread in the sources, the rise of failed governments and the interventionism of supra-regional powers are among the most important geopolitical risks affecting the future of Iran's position in West Asia on the horizon of 1404.

The issue of the future of Islam and Muslims in Western Europe is an important issue in scientific and political circles. This issue has taken on special security and political dimensions due to the emergence of terrorist groups and operations in the Middle East and Western European countries. In this study, according to the methods of futurology and scenario writing, possible and probable scenarios for the future of Islam and Muslims in Europe have been proposed. Four optimistic scenarios: coexistence and cultural diversity and freedom of action of Muslims; Pessimistic scenario: de-Islamization and secularization of Islam; the miracle scenario: the domination of Islam over Europe and the catastrophe scenario: the mental and practical isolation of Muslims and the increase of tensions are considered as possible scenarios and then each of them has been evaluated and validated. The most likely prediction is a combination of different approaches, especially the integration and promotion of individual Islam and the continuation of Islamophobia may be predicted as current for the future of Islam and Muslims in Western Europe.

At first glance, the Persian Gulf region seems to every audience to be naturally integrated and convergent due to its proximity and regionalism. But with more reflection on the positions of the countries in this region, a contrary idea appears. This article seeks to analyze the social structure governing this region and the effective factors involved in it. Therefore, the main issue of the research is the analysis of effective and consistent factors in constructing the social structure governing the Persian Gulf. The present study analyzes the elements and factors affecting this social structure with a constructivist approach. The findings of the study indicate that actors with different social structures and different perceptions of each other feel a sense of threat from the other side and see their ontological and material security and development on the other endangered, and this leads to some preconceived behaviors. Especially by the southern countries of the Persian Gulf against the northern countries.

The philosophy of the second step explains the what, the why and the how of the statement. Such being the case, the present article tries to explain the international nature of the statement by focusing on the extra boundary dimensions of the statement and to reveal the bias of the statement towards the international goals of the Islamic Revolution. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method with an exploratory-inferential approach has been used. Based on the phrases and key words of the statement and other statements of the Supreme Leader, as an upstream document of the Islamic Republic and possibly a sample of evidence that shows the significant impact of the waves of the Islamic Revolution on Islamic and Western societies, the article seeks to give a clear analysis of the statement with Focus on international goals. Findings indicate that the Islamic Revolution in the second step at the international level beyond the geographical borders of Iran, closer to its authority and strategic depth to provide the ground for the establishment of a great Islamic civilization more than before.

The statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution emphasizes the heavy duty of the government system towards "advanced and all-encompassing media tools"; given that many of these media operate in cyberspace, the task analysis would be innovative with an emphasis on cyber media. The purpose of this study is to answer the question that from the perspective of political jurisprudence, what is the duty of the Islamic government in providing security in cyberspace and what is the position of this duty in the second step statement. So by searching library resources, the documents supporting the verdict on the necessity of providing comprehensive security in cyberspace have been described and analyzed with the approach of government jurisprudence and the Supreme Leader's view on cyberspace security is examined in his system of thought to determine the position of this duty in the statement. As a result, the establishment of comprehensive security in cyberspace has become necessary for the Islamic government, which is also more emphasized with the serious demands of the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution.

Dignity and the being of anti-arrogance state, which are the two basic elements in the statement of the second step of the revolution, need to be well explained based on the teachings of the Qur'an. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to explain the dignity and the steate mentioned and its various aspects in the statement of the second step of the revolution with the focus on verse 29 of Surah Fath. This research achieved the results by descriptive-analytical method that; being of anti-arrogance state, the preservation of dignity and independence are inherent in human nature. Therefore, based on the teachings of the above verse and the statement of the second step, by relying on economic, cultural, political and domestic capital authority, it is possible to prevent any infidel encroachment on the Islamic world and guarantee the dignity and independence of Muslims. In such a way that Muslims are not dependent on outside of Islamic society and are able to maintain their dignity and originality, and the state of being anti-arrogance, which is one of the essential components of social justice and anti-oppression, can lead to the denial of foreign domination.

The abundance of socio-political teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah has caused this book to be used by people who are not satisfied with the state of society and are looking for a structural revolution or social reform. Therefore, in spite of the uplifting concepts of the constructive societies in this book, it is necessary to refer to groups such as Mojahedini Khalq Organization that followed the wrong path and pursued the realization of their presuppositions in Nahj al-Balaghah. This article, in a descriptive-analytical manner, focuses on Sermon 16, which has been the focus of their attention. First, the political perceptions that are often based on the revolution and its tools, then their methodological and content defects are criticized. Criticisms include the inclusion of presuppositions in understanding, a lack of emphasis on history, modern thinking, and the dominance of the functionalist view. This study shows the irregular use of Nahj al-Balaghah by political groups, to what extent it can distance itself from the Imam's intentions and lead to misguidance.

Communication networks are one of the most important pillars of social capital. In the realm of politics, it is the party that plays the role of the communication network and promotes political participation in society. The main question of the article is: what is the desired communication network in the minds of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution and what is the position of the party? In this article, based on the method of "thematic analysis", the thought of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution has been studied and their preferred political communication network has been introduced as "the network of the revolutionary weak". In addition, they have a dual view of the party and support the party against the limitation of government power, while at the same time, deeming the monopoly of power in the hands of the parties undesirable.

Allameh Tabatabai is one of the prominent scholars and thinkers who has paid special attention to the discussion of government in his political philosophy. The present article seeks to present an explanation of the position of government in his political philosophy by examining and analyzing the political philosophy of Allameh Tabatabai. For this purpose, using the descriptive-analytical method, the works of this Islamic thinker have been studied. The findings of the present study indicate that in Allameh`s political philosophy, man is a social being and human social life leads to the establishment of government. Thus, the discussions of Allameh Tabatabai's political philosophy begin with anthropology, and lead to the discussions of government due to the social nature of man and the formation of human society.

In this study, the two theories of Hobbes' Absolute State and the State derived from the theory of Absolute Guardianship of faqih are examined by the framework in which the political theories of Thomas Spriggens are examined and understood and relying on the mutual rights of government and citizens. The findings of the article show that apart from the verbal similarity between the two terms absolute government and absolute sovereignty and the existence of some similarities in the necessity of existence and functions of government, there are serious differences both in principles and meanings and in the characteristics and functions of government. The Hobbesian government does not adhere to principles such as popular sovereignty, the rule of law, oversight, and citizen participation in governance, while reflection on the theory of absolute sovereignty shows that it does not contradict the aforementioned principles. This research has been done in an analytical-descriptive way and using library resources.