فصلنامه فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی
پیاپی 47 (پاییز 1400)

Marital enrichment program is a preventive program and prevention is much more effective than treatment. This program is a general program to strengthen the health of married couples. These programs are valid when they are based on the cultural data of that community. Due to the high capacity of Islamic teachings to enrich marital life, the present study was conducted to identify the effective components in enriching marital life based on Islamic teachings.

The present study is contractual qualitative content analysis.The research content was selected through electronic search in selected databases and a four-member working group of experts.The review of contents,selecting semantic units,extracting compact codes,subcategories,classes,and finally reaching the main themes and naming them are common steps in this method.In order to improve the scientific accuracy of the study,various methods were used, such as using the experiences of a panel of 15 experts.

The coding process showed that the effective components in enriching marital life based on Islamic teachings can be presented in four main parts, including 1-Enrichment of infrastructures, 2-Enrichment of tools and forces, 3-Enrichment of templates, and 4-Enrichment of functions. The agreement between the panel members for the four main sections mentioned showed that the relative content validity coefficient(CVR) and content validity index(CVI) is equal to 0.81 and 0.92, respectively and all of the sections have a minimum acceptable value.

The main parts of the present study can be considered by marriage and family planners in different levels of prevention, education and treatment.

The aim of the present study was to critique the anthropological foundations of the theory of the client-centered of Karl Ransom Rogers. Rogers had a optimistic and positive view about man. According to Rogers, man is basically a rational, social, progressive, and realistic whose most important motivation is self-actualization. In this direction, the basis and criterion for action is self-organization. We do not need to worry about human antisocial traction because they are not innate in humans and are tributary. Also, man is not able to acquire definite knowledge of external reality, and everyone has his own perception of reality. However, according to Islam, human beings are valuable in nature and have inherent dignity and can attain acquired dignity. In addition to the positive aspects, man also has the downward aspects that must be balanced in the shadow of religion and nature spirit. It is also possible to attain knowledge and acquire it, and the instructions of the religion regarding the acquisition of knowledge, thought, and sectarianism indicate this. Also, self-actualization in Rogers' theory focuses on the biological aspects of human beings, while according to Islam, moving in the direction of servitude and the goal of creation with a divine motive will lead to human self-actualization and closeness (nearness) to God.

Physical, psychological and environmental disorders that people experience in old age facilitate the elderly's tendency to cyberspace and social networks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mental health in cyberspace elderly users. The method of the present study is qualitative based on the Phenomenology. The population of the study included all men and women over 65 years from Tehran. Sampling method was purposive & chain sampling in which 6 elderly women and men were selected in order to participate in the study and interviewed as well as analyzed. All interviews were recorded and finally analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's systematic analysis method (1990). They took refuge in cyberspace to escape from these afflictions. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted. The analysis of the interviewees' statements resulted in identifying 19 open codes and five central codes (loneliness perception, elderly absurdity, unrealistic attitudes, wandering in life, and excitement immersion). These findings indicate the prevalence of a range of psychological disorders in the elderly, which revealed the need to pay attention to this dimension as well as the design of educational and treatment programs to reduce these disorders. The statements of the interviewees also indicated the fact that cyberspace and drowning in it were not the cause of these discomforts, but the group took refuge in cyberspace to escape from these discomforts.

The discussion of lovemaking in Iran is generally focused on an analytical framework based on research and theories conducted in the West..Present research with goal of identify the perception of love making single students based on grounded theory and technique semi- fabrication work has been done. 32 tudents (18 girls and 14 boys) , the method of review, targeted and recruited and data are to achieve theoretical saturation collected and after the implementation of interviews and data entry software to analyze data quality MAXQDA10, Were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding . The results of open and axial coding led to the identification of 103 concepts and16 axial categories . The results of coding selection showed that core category perception love making students affected by the conditions of cause (believed by faith and religious, family atmosphere and parental supervision, challenges and experiences of ethics) , along with the intervention of the (development of personal identity, social and cultural identity of media, new communication) and field conditions of (gender, age, socio-economic status, academic) on the construction of love making with the opposite sex unmarried students in ethics guidelines following the logic; Emotional autonomy and autonomy immoral influences affect the results in the form of marriage, appropriate, sustainable or is random and disproportionate. According to the results, it can be concluded that lovemaking among single students has a range of mechanisms from self-obedience to ethics that can lead students' actions in a negative or positive direction.

The prevalence of risk-taking behaviors is a severe health threat. Therefore, present study aimed to causal model of tendency to high-risk behaviors in adolescents based on metacognitive beliefs and identity styles with role mediating of negative repetitive thoughts and resilience.

The quantitative - correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of all female students in Karaj city in year academic 2019-2020. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, 360 people female students by formula Kline (2016) were selected as samples. Sample research into scales were asked to Iranian adolescents risk-taking scale of Zadeh Mohammadi, Ahmadabadi, Heidar (2011), meta-cognitions questionnaire of Cartwright-Hatton & Wells (1997), revised identity style inventory of Berzonsky and et al (2013), repetitive thinking questionnaire-10 of McEvoy, Moulds & Mahoney (2014) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). Data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS-24 software, using Pearson correlation and structural model.

Findings showed that there was positive and significant correlation between metacognitive beliefs, normative, diffuse-avoidant identity style and negative repetitive thoughts with tendency to high-risk behaviors (p < 0/01). Also, findings showed that there was negative and significant correlation between information, commitment identity style and resilience with tendency to high-risk behaviors (p < 0/01). In this study, structural equations modeling showed that have a signification relationship between metacognitive beliefs and identity styles directly and indirectly related to mediating negative repetitive thoughts and resilience with high-risk behaviors in adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of parent – child cognitive behavioral therapy on emotional behavioral problems of grief children.

This research was an experimental study, with pretest - posttest – follow up design with control group. The statistical population included 7 to 11 years old girls without father and covered by the Relief Committee of Sari City and had emotional behavioral problems. The sample consisted of 16 girls, 7 to 11 years old, fatherless covered by Relief Committee that were selected purposefully and were equal in the two groups of intervention and control. The Child Behavior Checklist questionnaire was completed by their mothers before and after the intervention and one month follow-up. Parent-child cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed for the intervention group in the form of 8 sessions of 45 minutes weekly. The first to sixth sessions were for children and the seventh and eighth sessions were for their mothers. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance test.

Implementing parent-child cognitive-behavioral therapy led to a reduction in anxiety, depression, physical complaints, social problems, attention and thinking, law-breaking behaviors, and aggression in children in the intervention group. In addition, significant differences were observed between the two groups in the variables of anxiety, aggression, social problems and attention.

The use of parent – child cognitive-behavioral therapy, which simultaneously considers the surviving parent and the child in treatment process, can be effective in reducing emotional behavioral problems in children after parental loss.

One of the biggest problems of human societies is the substance dependence problem, which endangers the health of the community, family and the individual, causing loss of personal, occupational, family and social functions. Therefore, purpose of this study was to role mediating social isolation in relationships between brain-behavioral systems and HEXACO personality characteristics with distress tolerance in people with substance dependence. The descriptive- correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of all men with substance dependence referring to addiction treatment centers in Tehran city in year 2020. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, 400 people with substance dependence by formula Kline (2015) were selected as samples and they were asked to distress tolerance scale of Simons and Gaher, brain-behavioral systems scale of Carver and White, HEXACO Personality Inventory of Ashton and Lee and social isolation scale of Russell. After exclusion of 63 outlier data was finally, 337 people were analyzed with using SPSS and AMOS-24 software was investigated. The results showed that most direct paths were significant. The indirect relationship HEXACO personality characteristics (honesty- humility, extraversion and agreeableness) with distress tolerance through moderating role social isolation was significant in people with substance dependence, also indirect relationship brain-behavioral systems with distress tolerance through moderating role social isolation was not significant. The structural model of research was fit and satisfactory with research data and is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in social isolation in people with substance dependence.

Marriage is the most important decision of an individual's life; and marriage satisfaction is also the main determinant of quality of life and mental health. Many researchers have tried to identify the factors affecting marital satisfaction and determine the relationships between them. The aim of this study was to investigate the fit of the structural model of the relationship between marital satisfaction, cognitive-moral foundations and marital commitment. The research method was descriptive-correlational by using structural equation modeling method. The statistical population was married men and women in Tehran. A sample of 230 people (122 females and 108 males) were selected by convenience sampling method. The instruments used included the Marital Commitment Questionnaire (Adams & Jones, 1997), the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ30) (Haidt, Graham, 2007), and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Olson et al., 1989). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling by using SPSS-21 and PLS-3 software. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that the model of relationship between marital satisfaction, marital commitment and moral foundations had a good fit. According to the results, higher levels of commitment and positive moral values could predicted the higher levels of marital satisfaction. The mediating role of marital commitment between the moral foundations of careing, loyalty, and sanctity with marital satisfaction was also confirmed. These results have practical implications for the design and implementation of psychological interventions for marital problems and by targeting moral foundations can promote the marital commitment and satisfaction.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of metacognitive Therapy on academic motivation and social avoidance and distress of students with foreign language anxiety (FLA). The research design was semi-experimental and the population of the study was all students of public primary schools in Urmia, Iran. 40 students were selected following a multi-step random sampling procedure and were randomly assigned into two groups (N = 20 each). The experimental group received metacognitive Therapy and the control group received no training. Both groups completed Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, academic motivation Scale and social avoidance and distress Scale as pre-test, posttest and delayed post-test. Descriptive statistics and multivariate covariance method were used to analyses the data. The results of this study showed that the mean of internal and external motivation in the experimental group, after the intervention of metacognitive therapy in comparison with the control group significantly increased and the mean of unmotivated and social avoidance and distress decreased. The study implies that counselors and therapists use metacognitive Therapy along with other therapies to improve academic motivation and reduce social avoidance and distress of students with FLA.

The Epidemic coronavirus in the world and in Iran has caused many physical and psychological problems, including anxiety in people. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in the relationship between religious beliefs and Corona virus Disease Anxiety.

The research design was descriptive-correlational, in other words, path analysis. The statistical population was all 18 to 60-year-olds who participated in the study during an online call. Three questionnaires including The Corona virus Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Hope questionnaire and Religious Beliefs questionnaire were answered online by 1,115 participants (825 women and 290 men). Data were analyzed using SPSS19 and AMOUS software.

The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit with the research data (75/48=X2، 13=df، 20/0=P، 75/3=X2/df، 94/0= GFI، 92/0=AGFI، 98/0=CFI، 98/0=NFI، 058/0=RMSEA و 33/518=AIC). The indirect effect of Religious Beliefs on Coronavirus Disease Anxiety mediated by Hope was significant. Also, the direct and positive effect of Religious Beliefs on Hope (with two components of strategic thinking and factor thinking) and the direct and negative effect of Hope (with two levels of strategic thinking and factor thinking) with Corona virus Disease Anxiety was significant.

it can be said that by strengthening Religious Beliefs in individuals, it is possible to indirectly reduce the Corona virus Disease Anxiety in the epidemic conditions of this disease.