مجله کاربرد سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور در برنامه ریزی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 43، بهار 1400)

Hydrological simulation of watersheds applies for estimating peak discharge and runoff volume from rainfall, flood routing in rivers and flood hydrograph analysis. The purpose of this study is application of soil moisture accounting (HMS SMA) and Neuro-fuzzy models in daily flow, The purpose of this study is application of soil moisture accounting (HMS SMA) and Neuro-fuzzy models in daily flow. runoff volume and hydrograph analysis of the simulated rainfall - runoff in the Zola Chay watershed. In this study after of Zola Chay watershed modeling with HEC-GeoHMS Extension, In this study after of Zola Chay watershed modeling with HEC-GeoHMS Extension. the model entered to HEC-HMS program and by parameters estimating of soil moisture accounting model, the rainfall- runoff simulation in other scales has been done. By analysis of time scales for calibration and optimization of HMS SMA model parameters we can claim that the monthly time scale rainfall - runoff simulation accurate than annual, seasonal, semiannual and annual time scales can be better than the other time scales of flow to estimate peak. Comparing the calibration and optimization soil moisture and Neuro-fuzzy methods revealed that fuzzy method can simulate rainfall- runoff relationship better than SMA model by best statistical coefficients (E= 0.76 and RMSE= 0.18).

In this paper, a detailed review of the application of the Tabu search method on location problems is reviewed. For this purpose, first the concept of locationing and different types of location problems are introduced and then the components of the Tabu search method are described in detail. The purpose of locationing is to find new suitable locations for setting up facility location. Today, increasing competition between companies has made it very important to study location problems. There are various methods for solving location problems. In recent decades, various metaheuristic methods have been introduced to solve such problems. Ultra-innovative methods use innovative ideas to solve problems with large data and dimensions. One of the metaheuristic methods is the tabu search algorithm, which is based on local search and gives desirable results in solving location problems. This algorithm has various components which are introduced in detail in this paper. The components that some researchers have added to this method to improve its performance are also introduced. In this paper, a detailed review of the application of the Tabu search method on location problems is reviewed. For this purpose, first the concept of locationing and different types of location problems are introduced and then the components of the Tabu search method are described in detail. The purpose of locationing is to find new suitable locations for setting up facility location. Today, increasing competition between companies has made it very important to study location problems. There are various methods for solving location problems. In recent decades, various metaheuristic methods have been introduced to solve such problems. Ultra-innovative methods use innovative ideas to solve problems with large data and dimensions. One of the metaheuristic methods is the tabu search algorithm, which is based on local search and gives desirable results in solving location problems. This algorithm has various components which are introduced in detail in this paper. The components that some researchers have added to this method to improve its performance are also introduced.

Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Given the advantages and capabilities of satellite data, this technology can be of great help in identifying and detecting these changes. The purpose of this study is to detect land use changes in Kamyaran city using satellite images over a period of 35 years. In this study, data from 1984 TM sensor, 2000 ETM + sensor and 2019 Landsat OLI sensor were used.  Initially, preliminary preprocessions including radiometric, atmospheric and geometric corrections were performed on the raw data. Land control points were used for training, accreditation and to prepare land use map. Land use class was determined by field survey and using Google Earth images in 9 land use classes of agricultural lands, forests, gardens, rich and wooded pastures, medium rangelands, residential areas, water area, barren lands and rock outcrops. Next, the neural network method was used to monitor the images in ENVI 5.3 software. The evaluation results showed that the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of OLI classified images are 94.3 and 0.92%, ETM + 92.6 and 0.91% and TM 90.3 and 0.87%, respectively. The results showed that forest lands and rich and wooded pastures decreased significantly during three time periods, which decreased by 11.64 and 19.12 percent, respectively. So that rich and wooded pastures have an increasing trend until 2000 and in the next period until 2019 has a decreasing trend. Residential lands, water areas and gardens increased by 2.27%, 0.57% and 3.98%, respectively. Due to the growing trend of population and urbanization, the results of this study provide the necessary information to make basic decisions in the development of management policies for planners and regional managers for the sustainability and evaluation of natural resources.

Swarm intelligence is one of the new growing methods that is considered in artificial intelligence as a function of the social interaction of components. The Basics of swarm intelligence are based on the study of the behavior of social organisms such as some insects (bees, ants, termites) or even humans. The issue of using meta-heuristic methods for application in hybrid optimization problems is a rapidly growing field of research. This is due to the importance of hybrid optimization issues in the world of industry and science. In recent years, one of the most important and promising researches has been "supra-innovative methods derived from nature", which has had very good results in solving problems of combined problems. Meta-heuristic algorithms are used to solve a problem when, as the size of the problem increases dramatically, so-called NP-hard problems. One of the most widely used meta-innovative methods in this field is the ant colony optimization algorithm, which is used today in solving the problems of spatial resource allocation, routing, and location in GIS environments. In this research, while examining the ant colony algorithm, its expression and parameters required for use in the GIS environment are discussed. The ability of algorithms based on food search in the ant colony algorithm is significantly dependent on the optimal determination of the parameters in these algorithms.

Today, infrastructure plays a crucial role in the safe process of a society, and maintaining the security of infrastructure against attacks and threats is one of the security priorities of any country. Accordingly, recognizing the current situation and the vulnerability of infrastructure on an urban scale can lead to the development of urban strategies as an effective solution. In this regard, the present article uses a descriptive-analytical method, after collecting the required data and information, to explain the vulnerability of Semnan infrastructure with a passive defense approach using GIS, in which after prioritizing the centers of gravity And the identification of critical and critical infrastructure, the zoning of the city has been done using the process of network analysis and GIS. In this regard, the present article uses descriptive-analytical method, after collecting the required data and information, analyzes the infrastructure using multi-criteria evaluation methods, and after recognizing the interactions according to the spatial location of each infrastructure, the vulnerability of Semnan Calculated. The results show that a total of 37.83% of the infrastructure of Semnan city in areas with high vulnerability, 21.34% in areas with high vulnerability, 13.58% in areas with medium vulnerability, 14.66% in areas with very low vulnerability, 6% with low vulnerability and 12% with low vulnerability. They are under-established. This is far from the principles and considerations of passive defense and exacerbates the level of vulnerability.

Today, the role of sports in industry and economic prosperity in cities and regions is undeniable. It is urban development.

Descriptive research is a survey. The statistical population consists of university physical education professors, physical education experts, tourism experts and tour leaders of Mehdi Shahr city who answered the standard questionnaires arbitrarily. Geographic information system was used to describe tourist areas, sports venues and study areas. After collecting data, confirmatory factor analysis test was used to evaluate the construct validity of the research variables and their indicators.

The results showed that the number of tourist areas in Mahdishahr city is sufficient and appropriate and there are a number of good sports facilities in this city. On the other hand, route analysis showed that sports tourism has a positive and significant effect on urban development.

Increasing the demand for tourism with environmental and socio-cultural harms caused by economic benefits and the effects of the presence of tourists in a vulnerable environment has led to increasing attention to development sustainability issues in tourism that should be considered by officials. Therefore, extensive research is needed on the capacity of sports facilities in Mehdi Shahr to hold sports events and the amount of money required to develop and beautify them.