فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 91، بهار 1400)

The concept of security, like other simple concepts, can lead to the formation of different "intellection" in the process of "understanding"; because it is historical and under different paradigms, it takes on different meanings. From this point of view, the birth of the concept of security in its classical sense can be considered as coinciding with the emergence of the political paradigm; A paradigm in which security was on a par with maintaining political order and the integrity of the nation-state. After that, the transition from the political paradigm to the economic paradigm of security took place; Above all, in the form of "social security", efforts to reduce class distance and increase social justice became the focus of security studies. From the end of the twentieth century onwards, we are witnessing the emergence of the cultural paradigm of security. This article argues that the transition to the cultural paradigm of security is a direct result of the late modernization that gave rise to new theories of security, the most important part of which is the theory of community security; Which puts the confidence of individuals and social groups in preserving their identity and values in the focus of security studies.

Formation of the concept of security in Iran, in the most obvious way possible in the constitutionalism era, if not started, at least must be said to have peaked and evolved with a wide range and intensity in the historical-political developments of this land; In a way that in the fifth decade of the Islamic Revolution, a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of it in the form of security governance has been the basis for scholars to study. However, the concept of security can be traced back to ancient times, when the term was an unknown and unfamiliar phenomenon in theology. The concept of security in this context, in its simple sense, means, order, stability, caution from anxiety and danger emanating from the ruling apparatus. Organizing the relationship between the state or government and the subjects (citizens), or in the post-constitutionalism -the nation- with the aim of expanding the power of the Shah and the continuation of his powerful monarchy, has been an important turning point in the cognitive thinking of security in the Iranian intellectual system.

Politicization in the general sense refers to the involvement and preference of political and group motives and interests in judgments and decisions. In the field of governance, politicization is the non-observance of neutrality in policy-making and decision-making and the interference of political views, tendencies and biases in professional affairs; which may occur at different levels and patterns. Although politicization is one of the most important harms and inefficiencies in all areas of governance, it has more destructive consequences in the field of national security governance. In such a case, agents, political actors, and strategic and intelligence analysts intervene in their political preferences at various stages, such as: subject selection, data collection, information processing and analysis, and report production. They abandon objectivism in favor of political interests. This study examines the prominent trends and events in the field of national security governance in Iran, examines the dimensions and effectiveness of this issue and its findings show that politicization in forms such as polarization, influence, parallelism and disclosure or leakage of information entails significant political and security costs. Accordingly, suggestions have been made for controlling politicization or managing its harmful consequences.

This article studies the role of legislature branch in creating security and recounting the causes and roots of inefficiency of parliaments in performing their securing functions and recognizes the necessary conditions for parliament to govern national security and how to achieve these conditions. In this regard, the role of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in good security governance in Iran will also be discussed. Parliaments need institutions such as free, fair and frequent elections, freedom of expression, alternative sources of information, independent organizations, and integrated citizenship to consolidate national security. Economic progress, the absence of a wide gap in economic and social inequalities, the existence of democratic cultural foundations (such as tolerance of dissent, consensus on the democratic method, etc.), non-preference of individual, ethnic and group interests over national interests and lack of foreign intervention are some tools for the continuity and proper functioning of parliament in order to strengthen national security. Until the aforementioned conditions and equipment are provided, no parliament, including the Islamic Consultative Assembly, will be able to perform its functions optimally in order to increase the national security coefficient.

The doctrine of "unwillingness" and "inability" is cited by the Zionist regime in attacking resistance groups in third countries. This doctrine means the unwillingness and inability of the host countries in confronting the Resistance Groups, gives the Zionist regime the permission and right to self-defense. This article attempts to examine the nature of the above doctrine and the dimensions of its citation by the Zionist regime, using library resources and internationally recognized documents and judicial procedures. It is based on the assumption that the Zionist regime's strategy towards this doctrine faces various ambiguities. Based on the various arguments presented in this article, the doctrine of "unwillingness" and "inability" is not a legitimate excuse to use force and carry out an armed attack against the host country of Resistance Groups.

Power is one of the basic concepts of international relations. This concept, which means the actor's ability to achieve the desired results, is applied in different ways; including hard, soft and smart. With the growing power of the media, the dynamism of the relations between the great powers, and also their competition for more influence and power, another concept of power has emerged, which is called "sharp power". In recent years, China has used various tactics and techniques to manipulate and attract public attention at home and abroad to advance its goals and objectives in the international and regional arenas, which some analysts have described as "sharp power." They believe that China, using its party ideology, monitors the media, universities, leaders, politicians, and Western research and economic centers, and seeks to manage and limit what is being said and published about China. Behind all these actions, there are ideological, geopolitical and economic goals and objectives. This article, while explaining the concept of "sharp power", seeks to examine why and how China uses this method of exercising power to advance its foreign policy goals.

Climate change is one of the most important and serious challenges facing the international community and the whole planet, especially the scarcity of water resources which results in drought. In recent decades, this phenomenon has led to a security issue in international relations and the escalation of tensions between some states in water-scarce areas and also has risen disputes over how to manage shared water resources. Therefore, today water is among the factors that disrupt, threaten and harm global security and, therefore, is of great importance in strategic studies. This article attempts to examine the impact of climate change and its effects on international commitments and how transboundary water resources are used. The findings of the article show that climate change and water scarcity in some areas have created a significant security challenge in the international system, especially in the discussion of shared water resources management, which turning it into an opportunity requires strengthening cooperation between governments based on the logic of a win-win game.