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Research on History of Medicine - Volume:10 Issue: 3, Aug 2021

Journal of Research on History of Medicine
Volume:10 Issue: 3, Aug 2021

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1400/06/17
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Bruno Bonnemain * Pages 133-136
  • Seyyed Alireza Golshani *, Hamidreza Esmaili Pages 137-146
    Isma’il Ibn Hassan Ibn Mohammad Ibn Ahmad-e-Hosseini, known as Seyyed Isma’il Jurjani (1042-1137 AD) is a renowned physician of Iran and the Islamic world in 11-12 centuries. Although considerable research is conducted on him and his scientific achievements, a clear picture of his geographical origin and place of residence is not given mainly because of the similarity existing between the names of the two cities in the region of Jurjan or Gorgan city (Jurjan) and the other in the Chorasmia (Khwarazm) region (Urgench city). Also, based on linguistic evidence, Urgench shows the real birthplace of this great scientist in Transoxiana and Khwarazm. The present article aims to provide a clearer picture of the geographical origin and the environment of Jurjani’s life according to historical, geographical, and linguistic evidence. Based on the findings of this article, Jurjani belonged to Jurjaniyeh (Urgench) in the Chorasmia region and his assignment to the Gorgan region (Jurjan) is not consistent with historical evidence.
    Keywords: Seyyed Isma’il Jurjani, Chorasmia (Khwarazm), Jurjan, Physicians, Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi, Geography, Persian Language, Iran
  • Waseem Baba * Pages 147-156
    A diagnosis is a transformative act that functions as an interface between illness and disease and takes place at a juncture between patient and doctor. The reason to focus on diagnosis, both as a category and a process, is to emphasize its defining and differentiating role in medicine. That is, diagnosis provides the framework within which medicine operates and exerts its role. The paper attempts to highlight the role of gaze and concepts in the larger frame of change concerning medicine through the construct of diagnosis. The purpose is to destabilize the interactive configuration of social, economic, political, and technological impulses that has been the dominant mode of theorizing various shifts in medicine. In accord with the concept of the paradigm shift that explicates fundamental change in practice and experience of sciences, the process of diagnosis offers the vantage point to understand changes in medicine. The argument is substantiated by providing a historical account of clinical medicine to trace changing notions of health, disease, and the body owing to changes in diagnosis and gaze in particular.
    Keywords: Clinic, Disease, Technology, History, Sociology
  • Esmat Babadi, Hamid Hajianpour * Pages 157-170
    Hygiene has always been one of the most important concern of human beings. The negligence of this crucial issue is regarded as the source of many diseases affecting the society. In Iran, during the Pahlavi epoch, with the establishment of medical institutions, attempts were made to pay attention to sanitary problems, and issues related to women were no exception. During this period, associations were formed to defend women’s rights, including women’s health issues. One of the most important governmental organizations during the era of Pahlavi II was the Women’s Organization of Iran, which focused on women’s educational, health and legal affairs and established various branches throughout the country, one of which was the Fars Women’s Organization. This study, by employing a descriptive-analytical method, was carried out based on the available documents and library resources to examine the activities of the Fars Women’s Organization in the field of health during the years 1966-1979. Research findings suggest that the Fars Women’s Organization tried to improve the conditions of women by forming commissions and designing programs in the field of women’s health and hygiene. However, owing to the lack of due attention given by the government to the issues related to women and the shortage of funding, the activities of Women’s organization and its commissions failed to go beyond sending some annual reports to the headquarter and hence its activities were confined to some superficial issues, most of which were left unfinished.
    Keywords: women, Iranian Women’s Organization, Health, Shiraz, Fars Women’s Organization, Hygiene
  • Javad Dehghanian, Yaser Rastegar *, Mahmood Arekhi Pages 171-184
    The Iranian Constitutional Revolution (Persian: Mashrūtiyyat), 1906-1911, culminated in the foundation of the first Iranian parliament. During and before this era, Iranians became acquainted with modern medicine. The high recurrence of the topic of medication in Constitutionalist’ humor gives occasion to feel qualms about the claim that the issue was simply due to its attractiveness instead of broader socio-political aims and objectives. Given that the Constitutionalist satirists used humor as a tool to criticize tradition, as well as to promote and defend modernity and its principles, it seems that they had a socio-political motive to use the theme of medication. Thus, they attempted to make the inefficiencies of tradition clear by contrasting it with medical discourse as a tangible and practical aspect of the life of people belonging to different classes. Their objective was to imply the superiority of modernity and to portray it as inescapable in the modern world.
    Keywords: Traditional medicine, Modern Medicine, Constitutional Revolution, Iran
  • Radhika Kannan *, Deepu Thottath Pages 185-194
    Euthanasia is the act or practice of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from incurable and distressing disease as an act of mercy. This act is illegal in many countries as it is against medical ethics. It has been legalised in few countries during the early 21st century.The objective of this article is to review the current status of euthanasia, the status of the act in the Netherlands and to compare the same with the laws in India. It is also aimed at giving an analytical review of the laws in the two countries during the period 2001 to 2020.Euthanasia in the Netherlands is regulated by the “Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide (Review Procedures) Act”, 2002. The numbers of requests in the Netherlands for euthanasia have risen to more than double over the period of ten years and as seen the numbers of requests fulfilled have not followed the same trend over these years.In India, the act of euthanasia has been classified as unethical except in cases where the life support system is used only to continue the cardio-pulmonary actions of the body. In such cases, subject to the certification by the term of doctors, the life support system may be removed. Passive euthanasia is permissible under the supervision of law in exceptional circumstances. There are various arguments for euthanasia based on principles of autonomy whereas the central argument against legalizing euthanasia is society’s view of the sanctity of life.
    Keywords: Euthanasia, Netherlands, India, History, ethics
  • Kamran Mahlooji, Mahsima Abdoli * Pages 199-202