مجله طب دریا
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1400)

Parkinsonchr('39')s disease is one of the most important diseases related to the nervous system in adults, which has become the second most dangerous disease after Alzheimerchr('39')s disease. The purpose of this study is a systematic and meta-analysis review of studies that have examined the effect of water-based exercise on balance and quality of life in patients with Parkinsonchr('39')s disease.

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on people with idiopathic Parkinsonchr('39')s disease. Search for Persian language articles was done in Sid and Magiran databases, and for English language articles was done in Science direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases without time limit until April 2021 with keywords related to "Parkinson", "quality of life", "balance". Only clinical trials in adult Parkinsonchr('39')s patients were included in this review, that comparing water-based exercise versus daily care or land-based exercise. The main variables were balance and quality of life in Parkinsonchr('39')s patients. The mean difference (MD) was calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI) and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 test. To analyze the data, Cochran Institute Rev Man 4.5 software was used.

Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 Persian articles and 9 English articles out of 161 studies were comprehensively reviewed. The number of Parkinsonchr('39')s patients in the balance studies was 294 and in the quality of life studies was 116. The age of the participants ranged from 47 to 71 years (mean 63.2 years). The duration of the sessions ranged from 45 to 60 minutes, the number of sessions per week varied from 2 to 5 sessions and the duration of the training period was from 4 to 12 weeks. The results of meta-analysis showed that water-based exercise compared to land-based exercise at 39 PDQ scale caused a slightly significant difference in quality of life between Parkinsonchr('39')s patients (-0.15 to -9.76), 95% CI, -4.96 MD. Also, water-based exercise compared to land-based exercise (in balance component with BBS Berg balance scale) caused a significant difference (2.10 to 6.08) 95% CI, 4.09 MD.

Water-based exercise is more effective in improving balance and quality of life in people with Parkinsonchr('39')s than land-based exercise and routine care. Therefore, in addition to daily exercise on land, exercise in water can help increase the quality of life and balance of these patients and therapists can use it in exercise programs for patients.

Sports participation plays an effective role in promoting social health by providing emotional and psychological support. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between social health and motivation of staff participation in the Baqerul Uloom Marine Specialties Training Center.

The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included the staff of the Baqer al-Uloom Marine Specialties Training Center in Rasht city, Iran. The sampling method was simple random and 285 people were selected based on Morgan table. The research tools were Keyes Social Health Questionnaire (2004) and Gill Participation Motivation Questionnaire (1983) which were completed by the participants.

Between sports participation with social health dimensions include social prosperity (R:0.15), social solidarity (R:0.34), social cohesion (R:0.49), social acceptance (R:0.26) and social participation (R:0.27) significant relationship was recorded. Therefore, there is a positive and significant relationship between social health and motivation for sports participation in the staff of Baqerul Uloom Marine Specialties Training Center (p <0.05). The dimensions of social solidarity and social cohesion also have the ability to predict the variable of motivation for sports participation.

Considering the positive and significant relationship between social health and motivation for sports participation in naval personnel; it is suggested that efforts be made to promote the social health of employees by holding sports competitions and consequently increase the motivation of sports participation.

In the occurrence of natural or man-made crises, the productivity of human forces in crisis management, especially nurses, have enormous importance because saving the lives of nurses is crucial for continued relief and rescue and the correct activities make operations of relief, rescue, and healing successfully. Keeping nurses calm in a crisis guarantees the health and productivity of human resources. The current study was done to determine the hindering factors of nurseschr('39') calm in a crisis.

This qualitative study was conducted from November 2019-February 2020 in Tehran, Iran. Interviews were recorded from 15 expert nurses in the trauma ward of Baqiyatallah hospital and 15 experienced nurses in the National Medical Emergency Organization. Using the three-pronged analysis model of organizational pathology (structural, contextual, content factors) and interviewing experts, the factors that inhibit nurseschr('39') calm in critical situations were identified. Finally, prioritization of the hindering factors of nurseschr('39') calm in crisis was performed by Friedman test and corrective measures related to these factors were examined.

Three main themes were identified as the hindering factors of nurseschr('39') calm in a crisis. These three main themes include factors that lead to emotional turmoil, cognitive confusion, and behavioral perturbation. The sub-categories of each of the three themes include structural, contextual, and content factors. Infection of nurses with viral, chemical and microbial agents, inconsistencies between managers and agencies in charge of crisis management, unfamiliarity with crisis management, problems in the quantity and quality of equipment and medicine, and problems with hospital structures are identified as the most important factors hindering nurseschr('39') calm in a crisis.

Numerous structural, contextual, and content factors have caused nurses to be disrupted in crisis, which can be greatly reduced by the correct implementation of instructions related to crisis management and empowerment and development of nurseschr('39') competencies.

Due to the increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics and side effects of chemical drugs, the tendency to use natural resources has increased. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of epidermal mucus in some fish of the Persian Gulf.

In the present laboratory study, mucus of 4 species of Netuma bilineata, Solea elongata, uryglossa orientalis and Muraenesox cinereus were collected according to Ross (2000) method. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

The antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract of mucus of 4 species of fish had more growth inhibitory effects against gram-negative bacteria than gram-positive bacteria, while the aqueous extract had no ability to inhibit the growth of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In antifungal activity, the aqueous extract showed more growth inhibitory effects than ethyl acetate extract of mucus of 4 species of fish.

The results of this study can be promising for the use of fish mucus as a rich source for finding new antibacterial peptides for use in aquaculture and medicine.

Marine algae is one of the best sources of bioactive substances. In the present study, optimization of effective factors (time, temperature and solvent concentration) on the extraction of antioxidant compounds of extract of brown algae Sargassum glaucescens in Chabahar beaches with the artificial neural network was conducted.

Sargassum algae was extracted with methanol at three times (1, 3 and 5 hours), three temperatures (24, 47 and 70 ° C) and three concentrations (60, 80 and 100%). DPPH free radical scavenging activity method was used to evaluate its antioxidant properties. Total phenolic compounds were measured according to the standard method. Artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptron with hyperbolic tangent function) with 1 latent layer and 5 neurons were used to optimize the extraction of antioxidant compounds from sargassum algae extract.

The amount of total phenolic compounds in the extract of Sargasom algae was 3.2±0.56 mg Galic acid/g extract. The artificial neural network predicted the antioxidant properties of sargassum algae with a coefficient of determination of R2=0.9439 and Root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.465654. A positive and significant correlation was observed between observed and predicted antioxidant properties. The optimal extraction conditions of antioxidant compounds based on the artificial neural network method were 100% concentration, temperature 70 ° C and time 5 hours.

According to the present findings, the artificial neural network has good potential to predict the optimal extraction conditions of sargassum algae to determine the antioxidant properties using a multilayer perceptron with hyperbolic tangent. High concentration of total phenolic compounds in sargassum algae extract may be the reason for its antioxidant properties.

Silybum marianum is a plant with effective medicinal agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Silybum marianum methanolic extract on liver function and growth parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

180 fish with an average weight of 10.40±1.12 g were treated in a randomized design in 4 groups with 3 replications (15 fish per replication). The control had treatment without alcoholic extract and the treatments of the other three groups had 2.5, 5 and 10 g of Silybum marianum extract per kg of food, respectively. Every 15 days after anesthesia, biometrics and growth indices were assessed in all fish. Liver enzyme function was measured in the blood at the end of the study (day 90).  

The highest final weight (46.20±1.34), body weight gain (36.30±1.50) and specific growth rate (1.55±0.12) in the treatment containing 10 g of alcoholic extract of Silybum marianum was observed, that had a significant difference in comparison to the control treatment (P<0.05). Also, the highest and lowest feed conversion ratios were observed in the control treatment (1.75±0.11) and in the treatment containing 10 g of extract (1.25±0.12), respectively (P<0.05). The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes in the treatment containing 10 g of extract were lower than other treatments, but no significant difference was observed between these enzymes in different treatments (P<0.05).  

According to the findings of the present study, consumption of alcoholic extract of Silybum marianum by common carp improved growth performance as well as the liver enzymes function.

Inadequate quality of water and the presence of contaminants such as silver nitrate in water can cause stress in fish and endanger their life by reducing the immune system function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different prebiotic levels of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on some immune parameters of tilapia serum exposed to silver nitrate toxin.

120 tilapia were treated for 42 days in 4 groups with 3 replications (n=10). These groups were 1) control, no oyster mushroom prebiotics, 2) food containing 0.05%, 3) food containing 0.1% and 4) food containing 0.2% prebiotic oyster mushrooms. Silver nitrate toxin with a concentration of 0.5 ppm was added to each group for 16 days. Finally, the biochemical parameters of fish in serum were measured.

Serum biochemical parameters in the control group were significantly different from the groups fed with oyster mushrooms (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% oyster mushroom prebiotics) that were exposed to silver nitrate toxin (P<0.05). The use of oyster mushrooms prebiotics had a positive effect on serum biochemical parameters; more effects were observed on AST, albumin, glucose and total protein levels.  

This study showed that the level of 0.2% prebiotic oyster mushroom can partially neutralize the effect of silver nitrate toxin in tilapia.