نشریه تفسیر و تحلیل متون زبان و ادبیات فارسی (دهخدا)
پیاپی 48 (تابستان 1400)

There are many works on the subject of image and its analysis, which are often studied based on the science of expression and novelty and under the title of imaginary forms.Images and fantasies are twins reflecting the reason and essence of poetic words and reveal the artist's mentality inside and outside the world. Imagination is the speaker's mental effort to create a novel link between his conscious and unconscious. In other words, the images are the result of the interactions of the artist's imaginative workshop, which change the nature and form of objects that are neither completely human nor natural. "Independent image" is one of the types of images whose constituent elements include the exclusive nature and self-reliance of the poet's thought and can exist outside the space of poetry.Considering the process of formation of the concept of image, the role of imagination, while preserving the theoretical nature of the image, in KhajaviKermani's poems, we have discovered and represented various dimensions resulting from recognizing the multi-layered structure and different types of images in his lyric poems,  achieving poetic image from different angles of aesthetics, literature, society, etc. The purpose of this study is to analyze and interpret independent images in KhajaviKermani's lyric poems to guide the reader to the discourse network of his poems. Categorization of obtained discourses by titles; Ontological, romantic, governmental political, and religious discourses, and discourses in the field of patriotism, etc., are divisible.The results obtained from the analysis of the discourse of independent images of Khajoo,s Ghazal illuminate details of the culture and society and the life, thought and vision of the poet. The poet's attitude to love as the main axis of human life, the discourse of disgrace and name and of course the discourse of the homeland are allusions to them. This research has been studied by descriptive-analytical method using library resources.

Hezar-O-YekShabis one of Fakhri's fictional works originated in various oriental cultures especially in Iran. This work is very beneficial in terms of teaching, and if it is based on a solid theory, the results obtained from it will be scientifically and documented. In this research, the ethical functions of the narrative of "Aladdin AbulShamat" have been explored using the principles of the "Jericho Travel" from Joseph Campbell, in particular the components of "departure" and "intimacy". The reason for choosing this theory was the educational capacity of Campbell's opinion, revealing a new dimension of a literary work in the field of education. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The results of the study show that Aladdin, by inviting a person called MahmoodBalkhi, who is an expression of the old wise, is an adventurous journey and goes individually through the numerous moral tests issued by internal and external factors. The results of these tests, which are presented below, are the following: a sense of worldly affiliation; self-confidence and assurance of their existential capacities; commitment and commitment to fulfill the covenant and promise; avoidance of pride and self-esteem and thinking About yourself; A companion to well-behaved humans; The importance of returning to yourself and respecting the family institution; Removing the blindfolds of ignorance; Understanding the reality of reality; Attending the right people; Gaining useful powers such as dignity.

Rahat-Al-Sodour and Ayat-Al-Sorour (603Ah.) is a historic book by Mohammad-Ibn-Ali-Ibn-Soleiman Raavandi in Seljuk dynasty. In addition to its historic advantages, from its perspicuity of composition and intricacy of the abundant social information, this book is considered as one of the most authentic and beneficial Persian books before the Mongol attack.  The topic of charisma could be compared in this work with the other Persian-language works. One of the other famous Persian-language works is Beihaghi’s History, which had been authorized by Abolfazl Beihaghi, as a historic-literary book, and its main topic is the history of the first Masoud monarchy as the son of Mahmoud Ghaznavi. Therefore, charisma topic could be investigated in comparing these two given works. This topic has a particular glitter in both works. The most significant question mentioned in this query is that how are both authors’ viewpoints to the charismatic myth? It is concluded that although in Rahat-Al-Sodour and Beihaghi’sHistory, the topic of charismatic myth is obvious and traceable, their both viewpoints to this topic is different in concepts and application. The charismatic myth in Rahat-Al-Sodouris presented in the form of function, visual manifestation, celestial endorsement, and stipulation to the charismatic lexicon and in Beihaghi’s History is more conducted in the form and vesture of celestial fatalism, some ceremonial manifestation such as Mehregan festival, the power of hunting the Lion by Masoud, and etc. This research is conducted by the content analysis and using the library-based sources.

What has been said about Shahnameh and Shahman-e Sharia in various literary books is the superiority of Ferdowsi's epic poetry art.One of the reasons why Ferdowsi's speech is superiorAttention to rhetorical issues is the coherence and harmony of the plot and the unity of the tune of the Shahnameh to other scholarly writers, Attention to rhetoric, and especially storytelling,The point is far from the viewpoint of Ferdowsi's impeachment. This research investigates Ferdowsi's conversations and tone in two stories of Zal and Roodabeh and Rostam and Esfandiar This is the case in Shahnameh in all discussions, the speaker's and audience's demands And despite the dominance of a mold, the sea and a certain weight Ferdowsi has addressed the subject in different topics and stories, and it makes for the fit between the thoughts and talks and the mind of the reader. In the present speech, which is based on the librarian's style and using techniques for analyzing and describing the content Compare the rhetoric of the story of Zal and Roodabeh and Rostam and Esfandiar from the point of view of tune and conversation We conclude that Ferdowsi's tone in two stories, especially in their conversations, is appropriate to the context of the story and the present audience's demand.

The woman and her individual and social rights entered Literary discussions whit Constitutional Movement And became one of the most important issues in Constitutional Poetry. Hence women were at the center of discussions, So that in this day and age, very few poets who are Attention more or less to freedom and women's rights. Equality, freedom, education, the presence of women in society and to prevent gender discrimination and sexual look to women, including women's issues is reflected in the poetry of Constitutional era. Malek-alshoara Bahar and Nasim-e shomal look more balanced and a more traditional to woman and In contrast, Iraj Mirza, Lahooti, Eshqi and Aref Qazvini are more radical and sometimes even disagreed with some issues such as the veil. This study will analysis the idea of  constitutional poets about women and seeks to answer the fundamental question is it progressive or regressive thought and whether it can be aligned with the ideas Considered in feminism or not? The results show that the poets of that era have positive thoughts about women and in this sense, it corresponded with some feminist ideas about women.

Robert Lillo's Theory of Linguistic Comedy is one of the complete linguistic theories of humor that was first put forward by Robert Raskin under the concept of "semantic paradigm" by Viktor Raskin. It is distinct and distinct from the non-linguistic one, and this is the only ambiguity that lends humor to the linguistic feature; these ambiguities occur in three phonetic, lexical, syntactic, and cognitive applications. BahramSadeghi also used linguistic paradigms to humorize his anecdotes. The results of this research, obtained by the descriptive-analytical method, show that Robert Lieu's semantic theory of theory and its theoretical framework are largely consistent with Bahram Sadeghi's satirical works.The results of this research, obtained by the descriptive-analytical method, show that Robert Lieu's semantic theory of theory and its theoretical framework are largely consistent with Bahram Sadeghi'ssatiricalworks.

In semantic science, sentences have a secondary meaning in addition to their apparent meaning, which is Latent and the main purpose of the speaker. A bunch of these sentences that are not be able to clarify as true and false. The main purpose of rhetoricalQuestion is to find out about the unknown, but the scholars have cited numerous secondary implications for it. In this study, the secondary concepts of questioning sentences in Parvin Etesami's Divan have been studied based on the descriptive-analytical method. It should be said that in the Parvin's Divan, 964 questions were used, of which 943 were rhetorical. For this number of rhetoricalQuestion, 41 different secondary concepts can be considered. Topics such as reproach, denial, forbiddance and complaint are most commonly used. All of these are well suited for expressing ethical issues. One of Parvin's stylistic features in the rhetorical uses is to combine the rhetorical sentences with the equilibrium array. In these cases, the poet repeats a moral theme in two consecutive terms. This style, in addition to enhancing the musical values ​​of the word, has a greater impact on the poet's intended themes.

Coherence is a linguistic term for the text, coined in 1976 by McHaleidi and Ruqiyyah Hassan. Text for consistency requires elements, one of which is relational or conjunctive devices that make vocabulary and conjunction interlocking, especially text sentences.Every literary text takes advantage of these elements and its function is based on a particular way of dealing with the subject under discussion. In this study, we examine these devices among the sentences of Adam's creation story in Morsad al-Abad in four types of incremental, oppositional, causal, and temporal relevance factors. By examining the related species, it was concluded that the function of enhancing and causative factors is more than other transplanting factors. The explanatory factor is most commonly used, which can be influenced by the subject under discussion, which is the description and description of Adam's creation story. Because this text narrates a mystical story for mysticism and mysticism enthusiasts, it must therefore use incremental or incremental factors to better portray the story and to effectively convey this mystical romance.

Intellectualism, as a social movement, is considered as a new issue and an outstanding argument in the field of political sociology covering all human-featured events including social transformation during last two centuries. In Iran, some intellectuals were aiming to show off their beliefs through some significant political and social events in the country as a pioneer to get rid of cruelty. All these intellectuals have been featured different characters with distinct prophecy by different authors. One of these sorts of intellectuals is Bahman Sholevar as a frustrated and a rebellious one extremely tries to illustrate years after coup in Mordad 28, 1332. In the following anatical-descriptive research intellectualism factors are investigated within the novel of "Safare-e-shab" by Bahman Sholevar. The results show that the intellectual role of the novel has confused mentality and he is mentally emptied from simplicity, liberty and democracy realization, feminism substantiation, responsibility for changing the community change.

The analysis of contemporary novels is one of the most important approaches to the narrative critique through the "individuality process" pattern based on Carl Gustav Young's vote. This pattern is about the self-consciousness of self-consciousness and growth. The research approach of this article is to analyze the novels of Prince Touraj Zahedi's house based on the model of Young's individuality process, because the discovery of these concepts and their use in modern literary criticism has many uses. The main purpose of this research is to adapt the mystical journey of Reza Razavi's personality to the pattern of Young's individuality process, which makes the hero of the story come to an unity with his inner self, control the negative aspects of his soul and restore his soul to life. This essay uses an analytical-descriptive method to ascertain that a person needs to be familiar with and integrate with an analogue of mask, anima or animus, and to integrate with them in order to eventually achieve the process of individuality. Research findings indicate that Reza Razavi, the main character of this novel, is invited to search the inner world for human perfection. In order to understand himself, he traverses all stages of ritualistic conduct by knowing Anima, receiving ancient guidance and battle with various aspects of his shadow.

Souphiyan’s Poetic and prose writings can be divided to two kinds based on cognition: personal and Intuitivecognition,organized and official cognition. In some of soufiye’s works this kind of cognitions have been reviewed. Sometimes their beliefs were based on intellect and were from official texts and the purposeof that publication was to clarify meaning,fixation and teachings of traditionsand Souphiyan’s etiquette and is the result of their contractual knowledge; but sometimes their beliefs are resulted from inner experience and personal perceives and meaning in that case is unclear and ambiguous and the purpose of that kind of publication was to expressintuitive experiences and inner and personal perceivesin ecstasy and passionate moments. One of the proses of Soufiyane’s that defines this kind of emotions wonderfully is BahaeValad’s book that the writer has been focused on expressing thoughts, dreams and his inner forms in climax of his moments ofemotional thrills. Domination of metaphorical language and ambiguity and interpretation and distribution of meaning is apparent all over his book. Interpretation that BahaeValad has from the Quran in his book is very new and fresh. Writer in this article is seeking tohave a discussion about BahaeValad’s approach in interpretation of Quran.

This article studies sampels of deconstruction of beliefs in Sanai’s sonnets.Mysticism and Sufism due to their different attitudes toward God, the world, and human beings has manifested for the first time the deconstruction of beliefs in Persian literature and, hence, spoke of the invalidity of common thoughts and notions. To this end, different concepts, language, and thought have deployed to offer different interpretations. Regarding Sanai’s superior position in the consistent representation of mystical themes in Persian poetry time and his pey attention to culture, the author, through a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to answer this fundamental question: Which are the Sanai’s methods, practices and aims that he has used to deconstruction of the common beliefs of his? What is the relation between deconstruction of beliefs in Sanai’s sonnets and mystical Orientation? And how much can his sonnets be read on Structuralis readin? It can be argued that Sanai as the father of Persian mystical poetry, through reversing semantic concepts, Qalandarane consepts, contradictory expression, and adopting the language of the mad, deconstruction of beliefs to create a new impression in readers’ minds.  Sanai is due to his mystical courage, fearlessness and spirituality, which can be influenced by the devotion to the trance (Sokr) and his follow-up of the Khorasan School. The weirdness of these themes has attracted much attention and audience and Construct and Deconstruct of Beliefs that these metodes is explored by Structuralis reading in the text in Sanai’s sonnets whithout any attention to history and ordinary sciences.

Human beings, regardless of their epistemic perspectives, consider themselves distinct from other elements of existence while having mutual interactions with different biological and sociological phenomena. Two of the most important topics in sociological sciences is the study of the existential capacity of humans and the study of their social interactions with the family, the homeland, and the world. These two subjects are often referred to as, respectively, individual self and social self. The study of Forough Farrokhzad's poetry can reveal various personal and social manifestations of her as an Iranian woman. This is because her poetry is mainly arisen from the subconscious and is associated with social realism and symbolism. The present study shows that an individual self has always been present—albeit with a declining course—in all periods of Forough's life and poetry. Moreover, the study clarifies how individual self and social self confront with each other and how a perfectionist and reformist social self eventually dominates. In connection to this issue, it will be shown that the expression of dissatisfaction with what is happening in human society is one of the prominent features of Forough's poetry.

In Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh,in heroic and mythical era, we face that girls propose boys or women propose men that is not compatible with today’s culture and customs, while this is the fact that formed from the period of heroic and beginning of the first government’s which formed on the cycle of farming and ranching and the needs of having developed lands. Heroes who had special power and strength in wars, could hold the honorable authority after kings or even better than kings; however, the daughter of outstanding people and princesses wishing to marry with heroes to have healthy and strong children who respect the family’s rank. The researchers of this study aimed to work on Anima and Animus that exists in women and men unconsciousness, and appeared as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in consciousness by using psychological approach of Carl Gustav Jung, the well known western psychologist. It also aimed  to investigate the performances and consequences of forming Anima and animus as both positive and negative.This  investigation used a descriptive, analytical and comparative method. It demonstrated that the choosing of  a spouse in Shahnameh in the heroic era, was placed in the unconsciousness of story’s characters, and women can be the symbol of postitive and negative anima which is exists in the human psych and was influential in the destiny of kings and heroes.