نشریه طب کار
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 43، تابستان 1400)

 Undoubtedly, the first step in controlling accidents is to analyze them to identify the root causes. In this study, the root causes of accidents leading to severe consequences have been analyzed using the beta tripod technique in Lian Oil Company.

 The research method is descriptive-analytical. In this research, the events of 2020 in two barrel-making and barrel filling units of Lian Oil Refining and Trade Company have been investigated. The tripod-beta method is one of the methods of tracing the roots of accidents, which is widely used in the oil industry because of its special attitude towards the element of human error. Using investigator software, a tripod beta diagram related to three fracture and disability accidents was drawn and after recording and identifying the relevant causes and obstacles, corrective measures were taken to prevent similar accidents. The basis of accident control is the creation of appropriate control and defense systems in such a way as to prevent the interconnection and interaction of the risk factor and the target factor.

 The results of this study show that non-compliance with safety principles due to reduced staff awareness and lack of long-term and short-term training are the root causes of accidents studied and had the highest impact on these events. 45% of cases were related to the cause of the accident. Other cases after training have had almost the same effect on the occurrence of events. Each of the cases accounted for 11% of the causes of the accidents. 

 Beta tripod technique is currently one of the best methods for tracing the roots of accidents. The results also indicate that effective measures in the normal time phase, i.e. employing more talented people, conducting training at the beginning of employment, and upstream perspective, i.e. operator coordination with hardware and methods of implementation in the phase of ideas and thinking and design will greatly prevent accidents.

 Health care workers are exposed to numerous occupational accidents and injuries, the occurrence of which leads to physical and psychological problems for employees. Accident control is an important factor in reducing risks; Ensuring the health of staff and patients and efforts to prevent occupational accidents, especially in clinical settings. This study was conducted to investigate occupational accidents in three hospitals of Yazd.

 This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted in three teaching hospitals in Yazd. A total of 186 non-physicians from different wards of these three hospitals were included in the study by simple stratified random sampling. Data collection was performed using an 18-item occupational accident questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS21 software using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests.

 Among understudy accidents, exposure to blood or body fluids showed the highest frequency while falling had the lowest frequency. The results showed that there was no relationship between gender and the number and type of accidents, but in some of the accidents, there was a significant relationship between the number and type of accidents, workplace, work experiences, educational level, shift work, and hospital type (p<0.05).

 Because these accidents occurred at least once in each of the three selected hospitals, it is necessary to prevent these accidents. Regarding the complex nature of hospital accidents and prevention of incidents, management of hospital accidents and prevention of accidents, requires the determination of all staff and management of the hospital organization.

Introduction & Objective:

Participatory ergonomics means the participation of all components of an organization in the development and implementation of ergonomic knowledge, in order to optimize the working environment with the full support of the senior manager of the organization. Use it to solve problems in your work environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of participatory ergonomics implementation on job satisfaction in the staff of Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Frieden .

 The results showed that 60% of the subjects were female and 40% were male and the highest frequency was related to the age group of 35-45 years (48%), and 42% of the subjects had a work experience of 5-15 years; In this study, the highest job satisfaction is related to rewards and the lowest is related to ancillary benefits. There is a significant relationship between partnership and job satisfaction (P <05).

 In this study, participatory ergonomics was used to improve the ergonomic aspects. The results of this study showed that participatory ergonomics can increase job satisfaction among employees. So that there was a significant relationship between the implementation of participatory ergonomics and job satisfaction. Of course, the longer the time left for effective interventions, the more stable the results will be than ergonomic goals.

The aim of present studywas predicting of job burnout based on effort-reward imbalance and components of positive psychology among female nurses of ShahidRahnemoon Hospital of Yazd. The research method was descriptive, correlation type. 132 female nursesworking in the different parts of ShahidRahnemoon Hospital in Yazd were selected by random sampling. Three questionnaires (Muslesh & Jackson`s job burnout, Seligman`s positive psychological components scale and effort-reward imbalance of Seigersit) were completed by nurses.
The findings of one-sample t-test showed that the job burnout mean of nurses in the components of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was moderate, but personal accomplishment is severe and statistically significant. Also, the situation of the meaning life component and the engagement life component (in the characteristics of positive psychology) among nurses was higher than the average and statistically significant, but the situation of the pleasant life was lower than the average and insignificant. Overall, the score of effort-reward imbalance in female nurses is 1.09, which is higher than the cutting point and showed the imbalance of effort-reward in nurses. The findings also showed that a negative and significant correlation between the positive psychological components with job burnout (r=-0.65, p<0.01), as well as, a positive and significant correlationbetween effort-reward imbalance with job burnout (r=0.458, p<0.01). In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that 45% of variances of nurse`s job burnout predicted (explained) by the meaning life,the effort-reward imbalance and the engagement life.

 Experts consider the physical condition of the workplace and work pressure as important variables affecting job satisfaction. This study aims to investigate the relationship between workplace physical condition and work stress with job satisfaction.

 This research is applied in terms of purpose, and according to the nature of the subject and its objectives, is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this survey is all employees of one of Assaluyeh Petrochemical Companies in 2020. The samplechr('39')s size is 290 people who were selected by simple random sampling method. Job Descriptive Index (JDI has been used to measure the concept of job satisfaction and its components, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) were also used. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the variables of physical conditions of work environment and work pressure SPSS software was used to analyze the data and descriptive statistical methods such as one-dimensional tables, mean and inferential methods such as factor analysis, correlation coefficient, and regression were used.

 The average score of job satisfaction is 67.04, the physical work environment is 40.69, and work pressure is 60.17. The correlation between job satisfaction and physical conditions of the workplace and work stress, at a significance level of 0.01, is equivalent to 0.407 and -0.428, respectively. R = 0.496 and R2 = 0.246 were calculated. The regression coefficients are 0.298 and -0.321, respectively.

 The results show that the job satisfaction score is above average, the physical condition of the workplace is below average, and the workload is above average. There is a direct relationship between job satisfaction and physical conditions of the work environment and an inverse relationship between job satisfaction and work pressure.

 Having a clear understanding of the relationship between risk perception, knowledge, and protective behaviors could play a significant role in occupational risk management. This study aimed to survey the relationship between risk perception and knowledge on the behavior of using respiratory protection equipment in the four National Oil Products Distribution Company.

 In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2018, 52 workers from the loading and quality control departments of 4 national companies distributing petroleum products in Sabzevar, Bojnourd, Torbat Heydariyeh, and Shahroud participated. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were assessed (CVI: 0.9 and CVR: 0.92 and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient was determined to be 0.73), and data were analyzed using SPSS19 software, and descriptive statistics and linear regression were analyzed.

 More than half of the participants, who were exposed to the chemicals, use RPDs (Respiratory Protective Devices) all the time and when they are exposed to chemicals. While 75% of them reported using RPDs (Respiratory Protective Devices), reduces the quality of their work. In this study, there was not any significant relationship between RPDs behavior with knowledge and risk perception (P > 0.05). However, the association between work experience and RPDs was negatively significant (p= 0.009). 

 The results of this study suggested that only education and knowledge could not promote individual risk perception, improving protective behavior, therefore other barriers such as uncomfortably of RPDs, or their interference with the worker should be considered. To achieve this goal, the safety and health officials of the companies must pay attention to its quality in addition to the correct choice of these devices.

 Many occupations require prolonged standing during exercise, which is one of the most important causes of musculoskeletal disorders, causing pain and discomfort in the back, lower limbs, and especially the soles of the feet, resulting in improper distribution of pressure in the soles of the feet. Epidemiological studies also show a strong association between prolonged standing and pressure on the lower back and lower limbs. One of the ergonomic solutions to reduce the problems caused by long-standing activities is to correct the surface under the fee. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of ergonomic flooring and conventional flooring on the distribution of foot pressure in healthy individuals; based on that, the effect of using ergonomic flooring in comparison with conventional flooring, more appropriate distribution, and reduction of pressure in the sole can be determined.

 This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 16 students with a mean age of 27.87±7.31 and a body mass index of 24.15±4.31. According to previous comparative studies and data analysis obtained from pilot samples, by considering the 95% confidence interval, the samples were determined by the convenience sampling method. Each participant was measured at eight anatomical points for one hour at two different surfaces of ergonomic and ordinary floor. Foot pressure distribution using a pedar-x device while the volunteers were barefoot. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and Wilcoxon using SPSS software.

 This study showed that the ergonomic flooring significantly reduced the mean pressure on the plantar pressure (p≤0.001). Also, there is a significant difference in the mean pressure of left and right legs in different anatomical points when using ordinary surfaces and flooring (p≤0.001).

 There is a difference between the distribution of plantar pressure in ergonomic flooring and conventional flooring. Ergonomic flooring has better distribution than the ground and reduces the pressure on the sole during static activities.

Rapid advances in technology, overuse of computers, and changing working conditions have made musculoskeletal disorders one of the most important occupational health issues in the world today. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve compressive neuropathy. Causes some occupational factors such as frequent and prolonged work with hands and fingers in the development of this syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the symptoms and functional status of CTS and to evaluate the effect of ergonomic educational intervention on the rate of CTS among the employees of public banks.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the state banks of Torbat Heydariyeh in 1397. Symptoms severity and functional status of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome were assessed using Boston Questionnaire. Subjects with inclusion criteria were selected and the next step was ergonomic training intervention. After 6 months of intervention, the symptoms and functional status of the staff regarding carpal tunnel syndrome were determined .Wrist to caliper ratio was measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software using Wilcoxon and Chi-square tests.

Results in the past 12 months and present showed that the most musculoskeletal disorders were in the neck, shoulder, waist, back, wrist and hand ,severe level 52.4,50.81,49.2,46,41.3 respectively. The results showed that the severity of CTS symptoms in the samples was in mild,moderate , and severe is in 66.7 , 20.6, 9.5 percent   respectively. The performance status of CTS in the three levels of mild, moderate, and severe is 47.6, 23.8 ,4.8  percent, respectively. Mean and standard deviation of wrist cross sectional area were determined in .708 .033 mm. The results showed that staff with wrist dimensions greater than 0.7 (square wrist) had higher severity of CTS symptoms and abnormalities .Also, there  was a significant relationship between dominant hand and CTS symptoms.(p=<0.001). The mean severity of symptoms and functional status disorder was higher in subjects with 25 BMI and also the frequency of moderate to severe symptoms in smokers was higher than non-smokers. People with higher education and lower education (36.1%). Significant severity of symptoms and functional status abnormalities were observed in mild, moderate and severe levels of physical activity (43%). Results of comparing the severity of symptoms and functional status of carpal tunnel syndrome in the two groups before and after the intervention show that the percentage of severity of symptoms of severe and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome in the post-intervention group was significantly lower than before; Symptoms have changed. The results of comparing the severity of symptoms and functional status of carpal tunnel syndrome in two groups before and after ergonomic intervention using Wilcoxon test showed that there was a significant difference between the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms before and after the intervention.( Z=-3.606, p=<0.001).

 Results of this study regarding the conditions that can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome in bank employees showed that in general, any factor that can increase the contents or decrease the capacity of the wrist tunnel can cause the onset of symptoms of the syndrome, which is the severity of symptoms and functional status. Carpal tunnel syndrome was observed among bank employees at three levels of mild, moderate and severe. Based on ergonomic intervention, the severity of symptoms and functional status of carpal tunnel syndrome were significantly reduced. (P-Value> 0/001) Developing a specific ergonomic intervention program is essential to improve the functional status and symptoms of this syndrome. Understanding the syndrome symptoms, their training, and their effects, and then designing an appropriate ergonomic intervention program, is essential.Based on these results and the inclusion criteria of this study, it can be deduced that ergonomics training is an easy, low cost and practical method that can be used as an effective program to advance the goal of improving the symptom level of people with carpal tunnel syndrome. . It is recommended. Using simple, practical and low cost human and engineering engineering interventions and continuous monitoring of how these interventions are implemented over a long period of time in the light of management commitment and employee engagement can achieve desirable results in order to reduce Carpal tunnel syndrome prevalence among staff.