نشریه معماری و شهرسازی پایدار
سال نهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

The manuscript is to investigate the application of advanced mathematical algorithms to outline creative architectural design process as part of an integrated architectural design process. The literature review shows that new emerging technologies have challenged the conventional creative architectural design process. The sci-tech poetics of the future trends is in need of a meta-heuristic algorithm to integrate subjective and objective criteria in architectural design process. The conceptual framework of the research is based on high-performance architecture theory which emphasizes on the new generation of high-tech phenomena such as designerly approach to energy efficiency, smart eco-building, computational energy, strong artificial intelligence, agent-based modeling of human behavior, IoT, big-data and machine learning. Based on the methodology of the research, fifty cases selected randomly to analyze impacts of the sci-tech creativity on the integration and efficiency of the architectural design process. The linear regression, the logistic regression and the Spearman correlation coefficient showed a meaningful contribution in harmony of different parts of the architectural design process. The results concluded that advanced mathematical algorithms might be seen as catalysts for shifting to integrated architectural design process.

Developmental psychologists believe that a kid's interaction with the environment is effective in the development of her/his physical and cognitive abilities. Children are important group of users of the middle area in residential environments. These places are dedicated to important part of the daily lives of children, so improving their quality can be effective on their overall development. The research literature review has shown that most recent researches focus on the characteristics of urban playgrounds, while the lack of playgrounds in residential areas has confirmed the necessity of paying attention to design of the middle area in residential complex for kid’s motivation to play. So, the present article is looking for the factors effective on kid’s motivation to play in the middle area of residential complexes. In this paper, mixed method (quantitative & qualitative) was used as the research method. Accordingly, theoretical framework of the research has been developed with a qualitative method and aimed at searching for skeletal-functional and cognitive-behavioral features effective on creating and enhancing kids’ motivation to play. On the other hand, the extent and quality of the impact of each component have been resulted in transforming of quantitative data into quantitative data. In this regard, using the survey based on the Delphi method, after the construction and validation of a research instrument, 100 architects’ attitude were questioned. Finally, physical-functional factors (controllability, child-centered legibility, natural stimulant factors and vitality of environment) and cognitive-behavioral factors (sensory stimulation and social interactions) affecting kids’ motivation to play were extracted.

So far, the Squares of Tehran have not been studied from a geometric point of view in historical times. Geometry is evident in Iranian historical architecture, its prominent features are the structure of the form in the plan and shells. Analyzing geometry in the architecture of Tehran's city squares, geometric views can be traced to their shape. geometric structure in Squares are directly affected by size, shape and form, plan. researchers on Squares Tehran have been working on their formation, construction site and history. This article is for the first attempt to study the geometry position in the Shells of historical Squares in Tehran, terms of its architecture and form. using relationship analysis of the Squares shell, geometric features in the Shell architecture of the present samples will be analyzed. Using a descriptive-analytic method, the category of applied articles is placed. First, historical Squares of Tehran were taken, Visual representation. Then their geometric features will be known. Data mining is based on library data, on the other hand, based on data including the remainder. Article seeks to analyze geometric influences and geometric relationships in the architecture of Tehran's Square Shells. An overview of the studies of the researchers regarding the squares of Tehran has shown that these analyzes have not been carried out mainly with a geometric approach On the structure of the formation of the Shell of Tehran's Squares havenot taken place. The analyzes revealed that a number of forms were more commonly used and more divisions were used.

The redundancy of changes index in area of Yazd over its population in the last 50 years and a significant gap between net and gross density indicate inadequate planning in development of housing and land uses, and abandonment of some lands from logical process of development. This issue is clearly existing in District 1-1. It is faced with high volume of abandoned lands, gap between gross and net densities in the region is high and its population density has been less than the density of Yazd during last 20 years. The essence of research is applied using documentary data. Criterias selected based on frequency and appropriateness to spatial position of research. Final scores and scores based on TOPSIS technique were basis for generating “Capacity map of lands with Infill Development Potential” and determining “areas with development potential in each neighborhood”. The resultant scores of plots led to production of a ranking map of neighborhoods of region 1-1 in terms of the capacity of lands with infill development potential in four dimensions: physical-spatial, managerial-institutional, economic and demographic-social which shows high potential of Mahmoudabad and Nasrbad neighborhoods, compared to other neighborhoods: Sajjadiyeh, YazdBaf, Sayed-Sahra, Jomhuri and Kathnavi. The results of this research can be known as guide for urban managers to prioritize practical actions or provide construction incentives for a variety of micro and macro builders in region/district due to considering Regulations and suggestions of the above plans and the feasibility of changes, among the research process.

Current study concentrates on adolescents’ presence in urban spaces that can be a vital context for providing rich opportunities to develop a variety of personality characteristics. Today, due to ignoring this age group of urban studies in our country and its aftermath, inefficiency of urban spaces to meet their needs, adolescents’ presence is declining. So in this regard, the desirability of urban spaces from the perspective of adolescents’ presence aged 15 to 18 in Golsar neighborhood of Rasht, is evaluated based on the proposed model. Research method, has been descriptive-analytic and theoretical foundations through library and adolescents’ view analysis was carried out through questionnaire, focus group and map anchored interviews. By completing 271 questionnaires to assess existing urban spaces, we study adolescents’ movement and their activities, and then focus group and map-anchored interviews are used to test the quantitative method results. Quantitative data analysis, Spss and qualitative data was conducted using content analysis. Findings shows that the existing urban spaces do not have an adequate response to the indicators and 78.3% teens’ movement patterns are inactive. Their most important leisure activities were, internet activity, watching television and computer games. The results with emphasis that the proposed model can be a systematic and collaborative approach to assess urban spaces from the adolescents’ viewpoint show that adolescents’ presence in the existing urban spaces is declining because they aren’t compatible with their growth needs and this is a product of ignoring them from participation in the urban planning and design process.

In the central yard of historic houses of Kashan, geometry and proportions are the most important factors in providing light to adjacent spaces. To measure the optical performance of these yards it is necessary to know its geometrical properties. The article by the method with expression of geometric and proportional principles and rules related to the central yard in the use of daylight spaces, proportional to its performance in the selected sample. Factors such as geometric shape, length, width, height and specific ratios R_1= ambient / height and R_2= width / length or (PAR), SAR = width / height, sky boundary and angle of view of the sky relative to the pop-up and its effect They are based on the optical performance of the yard. The results show that the dominant geometry of yards, rectangles and squares is with corners Proportional values R1, R2 exceed the suggested minimum for proper illumination of space; Also, the SAR and the viewing angle of the openings to the sky are proportional to the performance of the spaces and the need for their lighting. As a result, in Kashan homes, light is given higher priority than its climatic function, and adjacent central yards enjoy natural daylight and almost uniformity with adequate light penetration for most of the day. Yards are able to provide a daylight factor of more than 1.5-3 for adjacent spaces, which indicates the compliance of its geometry, proportions and spatial scale in order to provide adequate lighting for these houses.

The spatial distributions around the cities act as dependent polars to the main city that are affecting the environment by commuting, housing patterns, economic centers and etc. In many cases, the natural capacity of the area is also not capable of loading, which leads to disturbance to the environment. In the fiftieth principle of the Constitution, the protection of the environment is considered a public duty, and any activity associated with pollution or destruction of the environment is prohibited. Therefore, assessing the environmental sustainability of urban development is essential to be considered in the regional planning process. The present study utilizes case study, survey, and content analysis methods. After extracting environmental sustainability indicators, the article measures environmental sustainability by checking spatial sensitivity of development and also development implications using two mathematic matrixes, McHarg matrix, and Pastacia matrix. The results demonstrate that due to the sprawl of Yazd city, the Karizboom complex is not environmentally justified. Developing the model applied and incorporating it into the planning process of new developments in the vicinity of cities is a starting point for refining development plans and the importance of locating environmental sustainability in the planning process that should be a priority for planners.

Dormitory building architect commonly planned to rectify primary requirements while disregard students educational and spiritual state. Minimum view point in dormitory architect plan incentive irreparable damage on instruction quality in country science centers. this study try to bring up valuable framework factors on university of mohaghegh dormitories planning and evaluating these factors effect on place meaning and activity by students view point.This research use combine method include semi-structured interview and Likert spectrum questionnaire. Also 18 factor form of five categories and, 8 factor of place meaning and activity within 59 questionnaire. Also 200 master's students were selected in random to answer the questions. Study results showed that the physical characteristics of the place have a significant impact on the perceived meaning of the environment and the activities of the residents. Among the physical indicators fine space factors influence on place meaning and social interactions also space personalization influence on activity in place and activities diversity and proportion. For conclusion Pay attention to the physical characteristics of the place in the design of student dormitories improves the quality of the received meaning by persons and related activity to education and inhabitancy of students. So it can be said that attention to the physical characteristics of the place Designing student dormitories plays an important role in enhancing students' productivity and satisfaction by influencing one's perception of the environment And activities related to students' education and residence Adaptation of the person to the new environment, Increase Comfort and peace of mind in students.

There is a direct relationship between the factors affecting the quality of housing and its size . Recently, small-scale apartment units in a smaller area than previously considered small, due to the rapid growth rate of small households, rising housing prices, increasing rates of migration to metropolitan areas and lifestyle changes of the new generation are expanding. This expansion has taken place without scientific support in low quality and mostly due to high demand due to the above factors. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to extract and evaluate the effective and influential factors on the process of improving the quality of small-scale housing in the country. In this regard, first the variables were collected through the literature and then by content analysis and interviews with 10 experts in the field of housing by Delphi method, adjusted and verified. In the next step, through the structural-interpretive approach (ISM) with Micmac software based on pairwise comparisons in a matrix , the variables were scored with the opinions of experts. The research is of survey type in terms of basic-applied purpose and data collection. According to the results, 4 indicators in the field of influential variables, 7 indicators in the field of two-dimensional variables, 2 indicators in the field of dependent variables and finally 1 index in the field of independent variables. Also, the indicators of "interior architecture" and "level of general and specialized knowledge" with a score of 30 have the greatest impact on improving the quality of small-scale housing.

Urban public spaces have always been an essential element of the city structure and the crystallization of collective life, and evaluating and striving to promote the quality of such spaces is among the primary duties of sustainable urban design's social dimension. Accordingly, the main purpose of this research is evaluating behavioural settings and improving the quality of urban public spaces using behavioural observation technique and analysis of the behavioural patterns of the users in urban public space. For this purpose, the forefront space of Vakil Mosque in Shiraz where necessary, optional and social activities are happened was selected as the case study of this research. It should be mentioned that the present research is applied research with a descriptive analytical approach and in order to perceive and analyze information, objective observation and tools related to behavioural observation technique such as location-based graphic maps, counting people, tracking people's movement path, photography and notetaking have been used. The results showed that the analysis and evaluation of urban public spaces based on behavioural observation indicators such as mobility proportions, permeability, climatic comfort, visual attractiveness, inclusiveness and flexibility and attention to the effects of factors such as time, shading, urban furniture, activity diversity and the dynamics of the walls and the harmony of the architectural proportions and the facade of the buildings with the background context that are related to behavioural observation could play a prominent role in the process of improving the quality of urban public spaces.

Natural structures in a city guarantee ecological quality and have serious impacts on urban issues like urban development, urban climate and etc. one of most important structures in Tehran are the river-valleys, which in recent decades due to unbalanced urban developments, some are in unpleasant conditions. Simultaneously, Tehran has faced various climatic problems, air pollution and relevant consequences, which can be partly due to urban ecosystems deteriorations. Therefore, this study intends to examine the relationship between river-valleys and their surrounding micro-climate through literature review and then, as a case study, this is examined in Darakeh River-Valley by simulating and analyzing its micro-climate using ENVI-met model. During this process, the influence of climatic elements such as waterbodies, vegetation, valley configuration (Topography) and airflow is evaluated by parameters such as Potential Air Temperature, Mean Radiant Temperature, Wind Speed and Relative Humidity. The simulation results show a limited cooling effect of waterbodies (Due to lack of required extent), cooling of surrounding air up to 0.5 degrees by vegetation. Furthermore, parameters such as Relative Humidity due to correlation with wind speed, air temperature and solar radiation (up to 6%); Mean Radiant Temperature with exposure condition to solar radiation as-well-as surface temperature, regarding vegetation and its shading (Up to 22.5 degrees); and Wind Speed with altitude and obstructive role of vegetation and valley configuration (Topography) (Up to 2 m/s) are variable, but the range of potential air temperature variation is low as heat exchanges between site points over whole site area (Up to 2 degrees).

Given that readability is a quality that makes the environment understandable, so physical factors, environmental. will affect human feeling and perception. Accordingly, due to the presence of children in the urban space, due to the different mental and physical scales that they have with adults, their perception of the environment will be different. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to re-read the cognitive maps of girls and boys aged 9-12 years in Lashkar Ghasem Abad neighborhood. The method used in the present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of survey nature. In this regard, in order to collect data, field observations, questionnaires and site visits have been used. Sampling method has been calculated using Cochran's formula according to the population of 106 people. Completion of the questionnaire has been completed by 106 children in the age range of 9-12 years. It should be noted that SPSS 24 software was used to analyze the research findings. Data analysis of children's cognitive maps using statistical analysis including analysis of data normality test using Kolomgorov-Smirnov test, Loon homogeneity test Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) have been used to detect the difference between the cognitive maps of girls and boys.Among the research findings, he pointed out the complexity of cognitive maps of boys and more emphasis on activities and ways. It can also be noted that girls pay more attention to the details of the environment and the older the children get.